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We evaluated the influence of totally substituting soybean meal (SM) with detoxified castor cake (DCC) and two alkaline products on the economic and financial viability of producing Saanen and Anglo-Nubian goat dairy breeds with initial body weights of 16.22 ± 0.67 kg that had been confined until they were capable of reproduction (70% of total body weight). The goats were subjected to six simulated production systems (PS). These were PS1, rearing Saanen goats that were fed with a standard diet based on SM; PS2, rearing Anglo-Nubian goats that were fed with a standard diet based on SM; PS3, rearing Saanen goats that where fed with a standard diet based on DCC Ca(OH)2; PS4, rearing Anglo-Nubian goats that were fed with a standard diet based on DCC Ca(OH)2; PS5, rearing Saanen goats fed with a standard diet based on DCC NaOH; and PS6, rearing Anglo-Nubian goats that were fed with a standard diet based on DCC NaOH. A descriptive economic and financial evaluation of the data was carried out using AVETEC® software. The SM based diets cost approximately 58.70% and 66.22% more for the Saanen and the Anglo-Nubian goats than the other diets, respectively. The results showed that all the scenarios had a point of leveling (PL) values of less than 144 goats, which is the number of animals that can be produced annually by each system simulated in this research. The net revenue for all the systems was greater than zero, which indicated that their activities were stable and that the internal rates of return were high. The profitability indices were also very good, especially the systems that used Saanen goats, because the NPV were higher than 1 million reais. Sensitivity analyzes showed that the indicators of performance were only economically unviable under the least favorable situations, such as 30% reductions in both production and market price. The use of the DCC does not compromise the economic viability of the systems and produces higher returns than the systems that used the standard (SM) diet. [Análise econômico-financeira do uso da torta de mamona destoxificada por soluções alcalinas I: produção de matrizes de cabras leiteiras]. Resumo: Avaliou-se a influência da total substituição do farelo de soja (FS) pela torta de mamona destoxificada (TMD) por dois produtos alcalinos sobre a viabilidade econômico-financeira na produção de matrizes leiteiras das raças Saanen e Anglo Nubiana, com peso corporal inicial de 16,22 ± 0,67 kg confinadas até a formação de matrizes aptas a reprodução (70% do peso vivo corporal). Foram simulados seis sistemas de produção (SP), sendo: SP1, criação de cabritas Saanen alimentadas com dieta padrão à base de FS; SP2, criação de cabritas Anglo Nubianas alimentadas com dieta padrão à base de FS; SP3, criação de cabritas Saanen alimentadas com dieta à base de TMD Ca(OH)2; SP4, criação de cabritas Anglo Nubianas alimentadas com dieta à base de TMD Ca(OH)2; SP5, criação de cabritas Saanen alimentadas com dieta à base de TMD NaOH; SP6, criação de cabritas Anglo Nubianas alimentadas com dieta à base de TMD NaOH. A avaliação econômico-financeira dos dados foi realizada de forma descritiva, utilizando-se o software AVETEC®. Os maiores custos com alimentação foram observados nos sistemas que utilizaram as dietas a base de FS, cerca de 58,70% para as cabras Saanen e 66,22% para as Anglo Nubianas. A simulação para produção de 144 matrizes leiteiras proporcionou receita superior aos custos de produção, resultando em indicadores econômicos positivos para todos os cenários avaliados. Observou-se que todos os cenários tiveram ponto de nivelamento (PN) inferior a 144 cabras que é a quantidade de animais que podem ser produzidas anualmente para cada sistema simulado nesta pesquisa. A receita líquida de todos os sistemas foi maior que zero, o que indica que a atividade é estável, apresentando altas taxas internas de retorno. Da mesma forma, os índices de lucratividade são bem atrativos, principalmente os sistemas que optarem pela cria de cabras da raça Saanen, onde os VPLs são superiores há um milhão de reais. As análises de sensibilidade mostraram que apenas nas situações mais desfavoráveis, tais como a redução de 30% tanto na produção quanto no preço de mercado, os indicadores são economicamente inviáveis. O uso das TMD não compromete a viabilidade econômica dos sistemas, porém quando comparados aos sistemas que utiliza a dieta padrão, apresentam menor rentabilidade. Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-11T09:02:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC-2020-Art-17.pdf: 353570 bytes, checksum: b9333d00918f4653df734b75bab6fcd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The objective was to evaluate the intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, and metabolic profile of lactating goats fed diets containing detoxified castor cake (DCC) by alkaline solutions during 150 days of lactation. Twenty-four Saanen and Anglo Nubian goats, approximately 17 months old (first lactation) and body weights of 43±2.97 kg, were distributed in a completely randomized block design with eight replicates. Treatments consisted of three diets, one containing soybean meal (SM) and two others containing DCC, with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The diets significantly influenced the intake of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and total digestible nutrients (TDN). We observed a higher dry matter intake (DMI) in goats fed SM, similar to that of goats fed Ca(OH)2 DCC. Intake of nutrients followed the same trend as DMI. There was no significant effect of diets on digestibility of DM, CP, EE, and NDF; however, we observed a significant effect of diets on the levels of nitrogen intake (NI) and urinary nitrogen (UN). The goats fed SM consumed a larger quantity of nitrogen, but all had the same nitrogen balance, indicating that goats fed DCC were more efficient. The diets did not influence renal and hepatic parameters. Inclusion of castor cake in the diet of goats in confinement is an attractive option, considering that goats fed DCC present lower feed conversion, and its use does not cause hepatic and renal alterations, suggesting that SM can be completely replaced. Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-06T11:12:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC-2020-Detoxified.pdf: 290436 bytes, checksum: 4f3829369886797800ab2ca579dc552e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

We aimed to evaluate the lactation curves, composition, and fatty acid profile of milk of lactating goats fed diets containing detoxified castor cake (DCC) by alkaline solutions during 150 days of lactation. Twenty-four Saanen and Anglo Nubian goats, approximately 17 months old (first lactation) and 43±2.97 kg body weight, were distributed in a completely randomized block design with eight replicates. Treatments consisted of three diets, one containing soybean meal (SM) and two others containing DCC, with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The lactation curves showed greater persistence of lactation in Saanen goats. There were significant effects of diets on the profile of some fatty acids present in the milk. We observed that the NaOH DCC diet led to an increase in desirable fatty acid content. Both Ca(OH)2 and NaOH DCC diets led to decreased milk production during the lactation period; however, the NaOH DCC diet led to high productive efficiency. Furthermore, NaOH DCC did not negatively affect the desirable fatty acid content, unlike Ca(OH)2 DCC. Diets formulated with detoxified castor decrease the production of milk from goats during lactation phase. It should be emphasized that milk produced by goats fed DCC diets does not contain unwanted waste. Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-06T11:13:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC-2020-Detoxified-castor.pdf: 332924 bytes, checksum: a8c897fd4a810085279c7d87e0b174c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of replacing soybean meal (SM) with castor bean cake (DCC), detoxified using two alkaline products, on the feeding behavior and physiological parameters of Saanen and Anglo-Nubian goat breeds with an initial body weight of 16.22 ± 0.67 kg. The treatments consisted of three diets that were isoproteic and isoenergetic: the first with a standard formulation based on corn and SM, the second with DCC detoxified using calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 DCC), and the third with DCC detoxified using sodium hydroxide (NaOH DCC). A completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 (diets and breeds) factorial arrangement and four replicates per combination was used. A dietary effect on the intake of dry matter (DM) and NDFap (P = 0.02 and 0.01) was observed, with lower values for goats fed NaOH DCC than the other diets. The diets influenced feeding and rumination times (P = 0.04 and 0.03). An interaction (P = 0.04 and 0.01) between the breeds and the SM-based diet was found for time variables (other activity and idle time). Increased feeding and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) rumination efficiencies were observed for goats fed SM and Ca(OH)2 DCC (P = 0.03 and 0.01). Goats fed the NaOH DCC diet consumed large amounts of water, while Saanen goats urinated more times than did Anglo-Nubian goats. The diets had an effect on the heart rate and rectal temperature (P = 0.01 and 0.02), while the body surface temperature was influenced by the breed. Thus, Ca(OH)2 or NaOH DCC has a great potential to replace SM in the feeding of dairy goats. When used as diet for goats in the growth phase, NaOH DCC causes a reduction of DM and NDF intakes. Neither DCC negatively affected the physiological parameters of goats. [Comportamento alimentar e parâmetros fisiológicos de cabritas recriadas consumindo dietas contendo torta de mamona destoxificada]. Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da substituição do farelo de soja (FS) pela torta de mamona destoxificada (TMD) por dois produtos alcalinos sobre o comportamento alimentar e parâmetros fisiológicos de cabritas das raças Saanen e Anglo-nubiana, com peso corporal inicial de 16,22 ± 0,67 kg. Os tratamentos consistiram de três dietas, uma com formulação padrão à base de milho e FS e as demais foram formuladas com torta de mamona destoxificada por hidróxido de cálcio (TMD Ca(OH)2 ) e outra por hidróxido de sódio (TMD NaOH), as quais foram isoproteicas e isoenergéticas. Utilizouse um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 (dieta e raça) com quatro repetições por combinação. Houve efeito das dietas sobre o consumo de MS e FDNcp (P= 0,02 e 0,01), com menores valores para as cabras alimentadas com TMD NaOH. As dietas influenciaram os tempos de alimentação e ruminação (P= 0,04 e 0,03). Houve interação (P= 0,04 e 0,01) entre as raças e dieta à base de FS para as variáveis tempo com outras atividade e ócio. Observou-se maiores eficiências de alimentação e ruminação da FDN para as cabras que consumiram FS e TMD Ca(OH)2 (P= 0,03 e 0,01). As cabras da dieta TMD NaOH consumiram maiores quantidades de água e as Saanen urinaram mais vezes que as Anglo-nubiana. Houve efeito das dietas sobre a frequência cardíaca e temperatura retal (P= 0,01 e 0,02), já a temperatura corporal foi influenciada pelas raças. A torta de mamona destoxificada pelo hidróxido de cálcio e/ou hidróxido de sódio tem grande potencial para substituir o farelo de soja na alimentação de cabras leiteiras. Quando usado na composição de dietas para caprinos em fase de crescimento, a torta de mamona destoxificada pelo hidróxido de sódio leva à redução do CMS, bem como da FDN. Ambas as tortas não alteram negativamente os parâmetros fisiológicos das cabras.. Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-22T00:31:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cnpc2018Feeding.pdf: 469813 bytes, checksum: 5b8b0ed35a3215691efaf1a9178831ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-21