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Previous research indicates that youth exhibiting antisocial behavior are at risk for utilizing a disproportionate amount of health services compared to youth without these problems. The present study investigates whether being processed by the juvenile justice system and showing callous-unemotional (CU) traits independently predict health service utilization (medical and mental health service use and out-of-home placement) over and above the severity of antisocial behavior across adolescence. A total of 766 participants who had been arrested for the first time in adolescence provided data at ten appointments over a period of seven years. Results showed that self-reported antisocial behavior at the time of arrest predicted increased use of most health service use types over the next seven years (i.e. medicine prescriptions, tests for sexually transmitted infections, mental health service appointments, and out-of-home placements). All except prescription medication use remained significant when controlling for justice system processing and CU traits. Further, justice system processing added significantly to the prediction of medical service appointments. Whereas CU traits were associated with mental health service appointments and out-of-home placements, these did not remain significant when controlling for severity of antisocial behavior. These findings are consistent with prior research documenting the health care costs of antisocial behavior.

Justice‐involved youth (JIY) display skills deficits in a variety of domains, but particularly in life skills such as health habits, obtaining a job, and maintaining finances. These skills are particularly important for JIY, who often come from historically disenfranchised communities. This population encounters many challenges as they transition from juvenile correctional facilities to their respective communities. To have the greatest impact, these skills should likely be taught prior to the transition. Thus, the purpose of this study was to teach basic personal finance skills to adolescent males in a juvenile residential treatment facility, using an information packet with rehearsal and feedback. The intervention was specifically chosen to be minimally invasive due to the challenges presented by the COVID‐19 pandemic relating to providing services to JIY. Data were analyzed visually using nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs. The results of the study showed the intervention was moderately effective at teaching basic financial skills relating to budgeting, banking, and credit to four participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The John Worthy School (JWS) was created at the turn of the twentieth century to house younger male misdemeanants within Chicago's House of Correction separately from older offenders. The JWS reflected reformers', experts', and city leaders' goals of reforming, educating, and punishing juveniles differently from more "hardened" criminals. Although scholars have previously focused on the creation of juvenile courts, few have examined the creation, implementation, and operation of correctional institutions for younger offenders. Doing so highlights the clear tensions in these facilities and the limits of juvenile incarceration. In addition, through the JWS and informal subsidiary institutions, the city of Chicago expanded the reach of the city's power into the lives and families of those detained within the walls of the facility. However, shortly after the JWS closed, such responsibility transferred to county and state authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual crimes committed by minors occupy an important position in overall juvenile crimes, yet their severity has not been adequately emphasized. This study investigated the views of juvenile sex offenders in China on sexual consent and their judgments on victims expressing consent. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 39 minor sex offenders independently. Thematic analysis revealed shifts in notions about the necessity of consent based on various external conditions, with nonresistance often interpreted as consent. Furthermore, the study found a lack of self-attribution of impulsive control issues in criminal behavior, instead highlighting the risks posed by inadequate understanding of sexual consent. These insights provide important implications for prevention measures and intervention strategies to address juvenile sex crimes in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on the work of Professor Joanna Shapland, this exploratory, phenomenological study theorizes contexts that ground desistance for people sentenced to life in prison for crimes committed as youth. The investigation draws from 28 interviews conducted with 10 formerly incarcerated youth lifers, all male, who were imprisoned for an average of 27 years in California. The major themes are presented along three phases in the desistance journey: life in prison as a barrier to desistance, the will to change, and policy changes and the process of parole. The analysis finds that despite a harsh and violent prison environment, all located sources of support (i.e. spiritual, family, and peers) that facilitated desistance and hope to create a meaningful life inside of prison. While the work of desistance was ultimately externally validated by a parole board, all participants asserted agency to take behavioral and attitudinal steps toward desistance long before they had hope for freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores Chilean social science discourses on youth in conflict with the law between 1980 and 2010. Through a scoping review of academic and scientific writings and articles in the social sciences about young people in conflict with the law, the manuscript describes three figures or semantic configurations referring to young people in conflict with the law: (i) anomic youth, (ii) psychosocially harmed youth and (iii) young people at criminal risk. The analysis of these three configurations highlights a shift from a pathological and deficit-based consideration of youth in conflict with the law towards a perspective that seeks to anticipate juvenile crime as a possible future. This forward-looking orientation corresponds to the scarcity of sociological output on youth issues and, in turn, to the rise of psycho-neuro disciplines and technologies as expert discourses on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPrevailing narratives of the early U.S. juvenile court described children as malleable and amenable to personal transformation. However, prior research suggests that delinquent children were not all viewed equally. Using comparative-historical methods, we systematically analyze a database of more than 1500 articles published between 1924 and 1932 to interrogate how dominant opinion-setters envisioned the “delinquent child” in the early twentieth century. We find that, in this critical period of transition from community-based to institution-based sanctions, dominant discourses were shaped by regional differences and perspectives around nature versus nurture. Among religious leaders who emphasized the role of nature, those in the Northeast and Midwest focused on immigrant children, while those in Southern and Western states focused on Black children. Denominational leaders who emphasized nurture focused on society’s failings. Broader implications include how we understand race, immigration, geography, and disadvantage in the genesis of the juvenile justice system and its narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature on predictors of youth crime is of special value to many fields. By examining the factors that predict youth offending behavior, this literature helps better understand appropriate prevention and intervention methods. These methods target specific predictive factors that increase the likelihood that youth offending behavior will initiate, persist, and/or escalate. Accordingly, this paper presents a review of literature on predictors of youth crime spanning over 80 years. Therein, this review starts by comparing two periods of literature: (research produced between 1940 and 2000) and (research produced between 2001 and 2024). These sections reveal a divide in major socio-political events and shifts to within standard approaches to research, and in doing so, these framings offer a more nuanced understanding of predictors of youth crime throughout the years. Following, this paper provides a critical discussion of theoretical gaps, unanswered research questions, variable re-considerations, and methodological shortcomings of this literature. This critical discussion yields that while research has been produced on a variety of predictors of youth crime, some cause-and-effect relationships, along with contextual relationships, and the role of modern technologies remain largely misunderstood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a transmedial lens to examine Japan’s engagement with Soviet film, focusing on the 1933 adaptation of Nikolai Ekk’s The Road to Life (Putevka v zhizn’, 1931) for the Japanese pictorial medium of kamishibai. Challenging an unspoken consensus that it was The Road to Life’s status as ‘the first’ Soviet talkie that accounts for its tremendous success and continuing influence, it was in fact the film’s ‘conversion’ narrative that explains equally, if not more so, its popularity and impact. Although a product of a markedly different cultural context, The Road to Life and its depiction of reformed Soviet teenagers appealed to the Japanese state, the Japanese film industry, and to kamishibai creators alike, as each in their own way strove to distance themselves from an associative link with ‘juvenile delinquency,’ as well as from representatives of the Japanese Left who were increasingly persecuted by the state. As such, the film’s conversion narrative functions as a powerful metaphor for the political transformations that both Japan and its visual media underwent in the early 1930s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dark Tetrad (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, and sadism) is a taxonomy of personality dispositions toward immoral, antisocial, and antagonistic behavior; still, its predictive power in the domain of criminal behavior is rarely tested. In the present research, we analyzed the associations between the Dark Tetrad and several indicators of criminal behavior (onset of criminal behavior, juvenile correctional measures, problematic use of psychoactive substances [PUPS], penal recidivism, number of convictions, violent offences, and the risk of future recidivism) in a sample of Serbian prisoners (N = 471). While all dark traits were positively associated with criminal behavior indicators on a zero-order level (except violent offences), regression analyses identified Machiavellianism as the most prominent predictor. Psychopathy positively predicted PUPS, while narcissism had a negative contribution to PUPS and penal recidivism. Interactions with the participants' sex showed that sadism represents a risk factor for females regarding early offences and PUPS, while Machiavellianism elevates the chance of repeated prison sentences for men. Finally, the structural model showed that juvenile offending mediates the association between Machiavellianism and general criminal recidivism. Findings showed the fruitfulness of assessing the Dark Tetrad traits in order to predict various aspects of criminal behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Violence against youth is a global issue impacting millions each year. Increasingly, research has focused on studying those impacted by multiple forms of violence, or polyvictims. Evidence strongly suggests that polyvictimized youth tend to have worse physical and mental health outcomes than those who have experienced single forms of violence. Moreover, minoritized youth (i.e., racial and/or sexual minority youth, youth with disabilities) are more likely to experience polyvictimization, making this a social justice and equity concern. To date, there is no universal consensus on what exactly constitutes polyvictimization. This systematic review aims to examine the ways in which polyvictimization is being studied to inform both research and practice. As such, relevant databases were searched to amass the extant literature related to youth polyvictimization internationally. Empirical studies published since 2006 that focused on youth (under age 18) polyvictimization were included. After the review process, 264 studies met eligibility criteria, however 55 studies employed person-centered/finite mixture analyses and were removed for a separate review, resulting in 209 featured in the current systematic review. Results demonstrate that researchers are defining and operationalizing polyvictimization in different ways: (a) using individual victimization event counts; (b) employing domain-based counts; and (c) taking a "highest-victimized" percentage of their sample. The most used measurement tool was the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire, though other validated tools and researcher-constructed questions were frequently utilized. Research on polyvictimization is burgeoning worldwide; however, this research is being conducted in disparate ways, making it difficult to compare findings and further advance the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examined the mediating role of resilience and living in care experiences between risk exposure (victimization by community and adverse childhood experiences) and psychosocial outcomes (housing instability, delinquency, and post-traumatic stress reactions) for youth receiving child welfare and community services. Method: Two hundred and fifty-one youths (14–19 years old) who are receiving interventions from the Department of Community Services in Nova Scotia, Canada, were recruited. Multiple measures were administered to the youth. Results and conclusion: Resilience and experiences of living in care significantly mediated the relationship between risk factors and outcomes, with youth demographic characteristics influencing the pattern of these relationships. Findings suggested that resilience and living in care experiences could reduce the effects of risk factors on psychosocial outcomes. These findings demonstrate a role for Child Welfare agencies in promoting youth access to the resilience-enabling resources necessary to sustain well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juvenile delinquency, where young people engage in criminal behavior, is a serious concern for society due to high arrest rates among minors. Delinquent behavior is a serious concern due to its devastating effect on the well-being of society. The relationship between genetics and violent behavior is complex and not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the correlation between specific genetic traits, particularly CRHR1 and FKBP5 genes, and sociodemographic characteristics in the context of their age, gender, socioeconomic status, and crime history of delinquent behavior in adolescents. The study was designed as a single-center hospital-based case–control study involving 45 adolescents for each study group: control and those showing delinquent behavior, case group. Findings revealed an abnormal CRHR1 expression in male teenagers is a strong indicator and presents the risk for violent and delinquent behavior. Understanding specific genetic markers, like abnormal CRHR1 expression, helps target assessments and interventions. Additionally, recognizing sociodemographic factors associated with delinquency allows for a more comprehensive approach, considering the various influences on adolescent behavior. This study provides important insights to address and reduce the complex issue of juvenile delinquency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores a case study of adolescent delinquency using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method, focusing on a boy from a functional family with no known predisposition to delinquent behavior. Topics include the role of family dynamics in delinquency, peer influence on behavior, and the impact of socioeconomic status on adolescent conduct.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Science is the property of Alcide De Gasperi University of Euroregional Economy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study sought to understand how a convenient sample of college students between the ages of 20 and 35 years of age in the Bronx perceive and experience violent crime (VC). The focus of the study is on perceptions of risk and an exploration of crime prevention strategies. Methods: This project conducted two online focus groups with a sample of 24 young adults residing in the Bronx, NY, enrolled at the higher education institution in Spring 2021 and Fall 2022. The main research questions are the following: (a) How do young adults in the Bronx perceive and better understand VC risk? (b) What are the young people's proposals or ideas to develop prevention strategies to address VC in the Bronx? The focus groups were held online using Zoom and Mentimeter. Results: Study participants expressed concerns about feeling unheard and feeling of a constant threat to their safety. They expressed a lack of trust for the existing political and social programs and did not express strong community ties and community engagement. This research suggests a promise of using spatial research to engage young adults in the Bronx in VC prevention and advocacy programs. Conclusions: Overall, this study found an active voice in young adults when discussing VC. Participants expressed a need for community dialogue and action to address the increasing trend of VC in the Bronx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined factors that distinguish adolescent weapon carrying in school compared to only in the community. We look at how experiences (offending, victimization, and gang-involvement) and perceptions (school, neighborhood, individual) toward violence are associated with self-reported weapon carrying in these two locations. Data came from two waves of the University of Missouri – St. Louis Comprehensive School Safety Initiative, a longitudinal study on the causes and consequences of school violence. Multinomial logistic regression was used to predict weapon carrying among three mutually exclusive categories: those who do not carry, those who carry only in the community, and those who carry both in school and in the community. We find that victim/offenders are more likely to carry weapons regardless of context, but school weapon carrying is positively associated with fatalism and gang-involvement. One school factor, school commitment, impacted carrying both inside and outside of school. Our results identify unique factors that can reduce adolescent weapon carrying in general and specifically in school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychopathic traits assessed with expert-rated instruments are well-established predictors for both general and violent felony recidivism outcomes in adjudicated youth. However, it is not clear whether self-report assessments of psychopathic traits show similar predictive value. The current study evaluated both expert-rated (i.e., the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version [PCL:YV]) and self-report measures (i.e., the Childhood Psychopathy Scale, Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits, Antisocial Process Screening Device, and the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory) assessing youth psychopathic traits for predicting general and violent felony recidivism among formerly incarcerated high-risk male adolescents (n = 275). Scores on both expert-rated and self-report instruments were significantly associated with a shorter time to felony rearrest into early adulthood (with an average follow-up window of 11 years). However, the expert-rated PCL:YV, but not self-report measures, provided significant utility for predicting violent felony arrest. These results suggest that in general, youth psychopathic traits, regardless of the specific instrument used, are predictors of general felony rearrest outcomes, while the expert-rated PCL:YV alone provides utility for predicting the most severe crimes (i.e., violent felonies). The strengths and limitations of the assessment modalities are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to contribute to research into youth crime prevention, the current study aimed to explore the experiences of children in conflict with the law prior to receiving their first caution or conviction. Participants were recruited at a Youth Justice Service and included five children working with the service, their five case managers, and two of their parents/guardians. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and timelines were used to support the children in sharing their experiences. Data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, which focuses on understanding how individuals experience the world and how they make sense of those experiences. Six group experiential themes were identified within the analysis. These consider the events leading up to offending and whether it could have been predicted, the extent to which the children felt supported, the effect of school practices, the impact of peer influences, difficulties with managing emotions, and the children's readiness for change. Each theme is discussed and recommendations for practice and future research are considered. The importance of placing children's experiences at the forefront of research is highlighted throughout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The criminalization of school discipline and its resulting consequences for students, particularly students of color, has been widely studied. While results from previous research have shown racial and gender differences in punitive school experiences like suspension, school-based arrest, and school-based referrals to juvenile justice systems, existing literature has primarily focused on the experience of Black boys or used aggregate data to examine school-level correlates of referral-rates and has been limited in its examination of referrals for more subjective offenses like disorderly conduct. Informed by Critical Race Feminism, this study sought to examine whether Black girls experience increased odds of referral to the juvenile justice system for disorderly conduct involving school-based offenses in Florida. Our findings suggest that Black girls experience a higher risk of referral for school-based disorderly conduct as compared to other youth referred to the juvenile justice system, suggesting they are more likely to experience this form of school-based criminalization as compared to other youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of factors are associated with the likelihood of reporting guns at school; however, mixed empirical findings hinder our ability to inform policies to reduce school violence. Additionally, many of the established factors are difficult to change over time, and limited attention has been devoted to more malleable factors such as anonymous reporting. To better understand how to improve the likelihood of gun reporting at school, we drew from three waves of survey data from 3,633 students in St. Louis, Missouri. Using a multilevel model, we find that perceived risk of victimization and the availability of anonymous reporting increase the likelihood of gun reporting, while negative peer commitment, self-reported delinquency, and victimization decrease the likelihood of reporting. Additional analyses suggest that independent of known risk factors that inhibit reporting, increases in school climate and improvements in availability of anonymous reporting can increase the likelihood of reporting guns at school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Streets are an important component of urban public spaces and also a high-incidence area for urban crime. However, current research mainly involves adult crime, or fails to distinguish between adult and juvenile crime, which poses a severe challenge to the prevention of juvenile delinquency. Juveniles have lower self-control abilities and are more likely to be influenced by external environmental factors to trigger criminal behavior compared to adults. Therefore, this study uses New York's Manhattan district as an example, based on CPTED and social disorganization theories, and utilizes street view data and deep learning techniques to extract street environment indicators. The GWR model is used to explore the influence mechanism of urban street environment on juvenile crime. The results of this study, considering spatial heterogeneity, demonstrate the impact of various physical environmental indicators of urban streets on juvenile delinquency, and reveal that some street indicators have differentiated effects on crime in different areas of the city. Overall, our research helps to uncover the relationship between juvenile delinquency and the built environment of streets in complex urban settings, providing important references for future urban street design and juvenile delinquency prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined the long-term, transactional associations between school bonding and delinquency among Japanese adolescents. Two hundred seventy-one students were recruited in seventh grade (Time 1; M age = 12.72, SD = 0.45, 50% girls) and followed up until eighth grade. Data were collected at two time points (December of the seventh grade and eighth grade). The results of the cross-lagged panel model showed that higher delinquency was associated with lower school bonding. On the other hand, school bonding was not associated with a decrease in delinquency. When gender differences were examined, an association was found between higher delinquent tendencies and fewer school bonding for both genders. School bonding was not associated with a decrease in delinquency for both genders. At seventh grade, a negative correlation between school bonding and delinquency was found only for girls, but not for boys. The results, along with future implications, are discussed from cultural and developmental perspectives. This study provided valuable insight into the relationship between school ties and delinquency among adolescents from non-Western cultures such as the Japanese culture. Comparing the results of this study with those of other cultures may support the idea of cultural diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Introduction Aims Methods Results Implications for Practice Relevance to Mental Health Nursing Callous‐unemotional (CU) traits, parental practices and conduct problems (CP) have been consistently identified across numerous studies as significant predictors of the severity and persistence of juvenile delinquency.This study seeks to investigate the moderation dynamics underlying the relationships between these variables among Arab incarcerated youth. Specifically, the study aims to (1) explore whether parental practices moderate the relationship between CU traits and CP among incarcerated youth in Jordan and (2) examine the bidirectional moderating influence of CU traits in shaping the dynamic relationship between parental practices and CP within the context of Arab juvenile delinquency.An observational survey design was employed, gathering data from 184 incarcerated youth across 11 rehabilitation centres in Jordan. Latent profile analysis identified three parental practice classes: more positive, balanced and more negative.Moderation analyses indicated significant associations between CU traits, parental practices and CP. Parental practices, especially positive ones, moderated the relationship between CU traits and CP, highlighting the protective influence of balanced parenting. Furthermore, bidirectional moderation effects were observed: CU traits moderated the link between parental practices and CP, while CP influenced parenting practices, particularly in the presence of elevated CU traits.The findings of this study underscore the vital role mental health nurses can play in addressing the behavioural and psychological challenges faced by youth involved in the justice system and their families. Specifically, mental health nurses can aid in ameliorating mental distress by supporting parents in understanding and managing CU traits and CP. Nurses can provide targeted educational programmes that empower parents with strategies to reinforce positive parenting practices and reduce negative interactions. Furthermore, nurses can facilitate access to community resources and therapy options, helping families build a supportive environment conducive to the mental well‐being of the youth. These interventions are crucial not only for the direct treatment of juveniles but also in providing holistic support to their families, thereby enhancing the overall efficacy of mental health care in juvenile delinquency.This study highlights the essential role that mental health nurses play in managing behavioural issues among youth, emphasising the significance of implementing culturally sensitive interventions. Mental health nurses possess a pivotal position in early detection and intervention, which enables them to guide families in fostering positive parenting practices, essential for preventing delinquent behaviours. Their efforts to promote understanding and responsiveness within family dynamics make a significant contribution to the mental well‐being of individuals, highlighting the necessity of their role in global mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to official statistics, children in China affected by migration, including migrant and left-behind children, commit a disproportionately high number of reported crimes. Scholars have generally believed that the rural-urban inequality, coupled with the rural-urban migration, have placed these children in a structurally disadvantaged position which increases the likelihood of them becoming delinquents. It is still not clearly understood, however, how this structural disadvantage places children affected by migration at a high risk of delinquency through weakening the level of family control. This is the issue that the study seeks to address. Qualitatively analyzing the narratives of 59 juvenile offenders from migrant families in China, the study found that the rural-urban inequality and the resultant rural-urban migration contributed to the structural family strains, mainly in the form of family poverty or dissolution, which had a negative effect on parental efficacy. Weakened parental efficacy then facilitated adolescents' rebellion against parents, with delinquency serving as an important form. Through the act of rebellion, adolescents transferred blame to parents by limiting their own responsibility for their actions, thereby realizing the neutralization of delinquency. The findings suggest that, in order to prevent delinquency among migrant and left-behind children, intervention only at family level or in individual systems is insufficient. Policies are required at a structural level to effectively address the issue. Highlights: The study examines how structural disadvantage increases delinquency through weakening family control in the context of Chinese rural-urban migration. Family strains resulting from the Chinese rural-urban divide and migration have a negative effect on parental efficacy. Low parental efficacy facilitates children's rebellion against parents, with delinquency serving as an important form. Adolescents affected by migration in China neutralize delinquency by denial of responsibility for their own actions. Policies at a structural level are required to prevent delinquency among migrant and left-behind children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has considered the role of social learning in substance use and determined that social influences are powerful determinants of substance initiation. However, the relationships between peer, sibling, and parent behaviors and e-cigarette initiation among early adolescents, and rural youth in particular, have yet to be examined. The present study investigated how peer delinquency, sibling substance use, and parental approval contribute to risk of e-cigarette initiation across middle school while also examining these associations with alcohol use initiation. Adolescents (N = 663) self-reported perceptions of peer delinquency, sibling substance use, parental approval about substance use, and their own e-cigarette and alcohol use. Multilevel survival analyses were conducted to model the risk of initiation and predictors of this risk. Results indicate that the risk of e-cigarette initiation increased by 75% annually as youths progressed through middle school. All social factors were significant predictors of e-cigarette initiation, while perceived peer delinquency and parental approval predicted alcohol initiation. Results emphasize the importance of early intervention for preventing e-cigarette initiation and the influence of peers and parents on alcohol initiation and the influence of peers, siblings, and parents on e-cigarette use. Highlights: This study contributes to our understanding of the risk of e-cigarette and alcohol initiation across middle school in a sample of rural youth. Results suggest that the risk of e-cigarette initiation increased by 75% annually across middle school, but the risk for alcohol initiation remained higher and stable. Findings identified peer delinquency and parental approval as risks for both e-cigarette and alcohol initiation. Sibling substance use was significantly associated with e-cigarette but not alcohol initiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current paper was to examine temperament profiles and temperament dimensions as risk factors for persistent criminal behavior in juveniles who offended (JOs). A sample of 137 male adolescents from a Swiss detention center and 137 age and sex matched community controls were included in the present study. Temperament was measured with the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI). Using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), three temperament profiles were found, a "moderate," an "adventurous-disinhibited" (higher levels of novelty seeking, lower levels of harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence), and a "worried-passive" profile (higher levels of harm avoidance, low persistence). None of the profiles and dimensions were associated with detention sample (i.e., JO) status. In JOs, the "novelty seeking" scale predicted recidivism after release from detention even when controlling for other covariates. Further research should address temperament profiles and temperament dimensions in larger samples of JOs to elaborate their relation to previous and future offending behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by General Theory of Crime and Psychosocial Maturity Hypothesis, we investigated co‐development between short‐term mindsets (impulsivity and future orientation) and risk behaviors (cannabis use and delinquency). Parallel process latent growth modeling on three‐wave data from ethnically diverse Swiss adolescents (N = 1365; Mage 13.67 years, 48.6% female), showed baseline‐level associations between short‐term mindsets and risk behaviors, and between the two risk behaviors. Additionally, correlated change (co‐development) existed between short‐term mindsets—particularly impulsivity—and delinquency, but not between short‐term mindsets and cannabis use. These results support the above‐mentioned theories and emphasize the importance of investigating the correlates of change in delinquency and cannabis use separately, as divergent findings might emerge. These divergent findings could partially stem from Switzerland's liberal views on cannabis use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies on exposure to violence lack a nuanced understanding of the causal effects of different exposure types on offending behaviors. This study, drawing on Pathways to Desistance Study (PDS) data tracking 1354 adjudicated youths aged 14–18 over 7 years, explores the contemporaneous (cross‐sectional), acute (after 1 year), enduring (after 3 years), and long‐term (after 6 years) causal effects of violence exposure on property and violent offending. The sample, predominantly male (86%), consisted of White (20%), Black (42%), and other (38%) individuals. The generalized propensity score is used to match unbalanced covariates across multiple exposure types, namely noninvolved (n = 392), witnessed (n = 577), experienced (n = 31), and experienced‐witnessed violence (n = 305). Results demonstrate the contemporaneous, acute, enduring, and long‐term effects of violence exposure on both violent and property offending, with varying durations and strengths across exposure types. The most pronounced risk effects are immediate, diminishing over time and potentially reversing in the long term as youth transition into adulthood. Among exposure types, experienced‐witnessed violence exhibits the most potent effects on offending, followed by witnessed violence and then experienced violence—a pattern consistent across the observed time points. Noteworthy is the finding that the impact of violence exposure is more pronounced for violent offending, diminishing more rapidly compared to the effects on property offending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study is to examine the school experiences of incarcerated Turkish young delinquents and reveal how these negative experiences affected their descent into delinquency. In order to carry out the study, official permission to meet with 10 young delinquents, currently being held in the Youth Detention Centre in Ankara (capital of Türkiye) and convicted of various crimes, has been obtained from the Turkish Ministry of Justice. Interviews have been conducted in three separate sessions. Study findings have revealed that the school experiences of young delinquents have been overwhelmingly negative and that they have started committing crimes while still being enrolled in school. Additionally, it has been found that they defied school rules and maintained social connections with individuals engaged in unlawful activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aftercare seeks to address challenges juveniles face when re-entering the community after residential placement. This study compares changes in recidivism in five Pennsylvania counties that piloted aftercare reforms in 2005 to 2010 as part of Models for Change to recidivism in counties that did not. The sample includes 3,107 referrals to court in pilot counties and 8,272 in comparison counties. Estimates show no discernible effect of the reforms on recidivism. The estimated change in re-referrals to court lies between a decrease of 4 percentage points and an increase of 14 points. Differences in implementation effectiveness and participation may explain these null results. Although this analysis does not detect changes in recidivism, these pilots laid the groundwork for Pennsylvania's later juvenile justice reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite increasing evidence on the exploitation of young people into criminal activity, their perspectives on and experiences of exploitative processes are not well understood. Despite progress in Great Britain with regard to 'County Lines' exploitation, and in the Republic of Ireland regarding youth criminality and grooming, the subjective accounts of how young people understand the phenomenon of child criminal exploitation (CCE) remain under-evaluated. This exploratory study captures the perspectives of Irish youth on CCE and draws on the theory of social capital to explore the social structures that enable CCE and the (limited) choices available to the young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In addition to being a violation of human rights, the practice of child labor can be related to criminality against young people. In view of this, the hypothesis tested in this article was that child labor aggravates youth homicide through educational level. Design/methodology/approach: This study used annual data for the 26 states plus the Federal District for the period 2001 to 2014. To do so, the authors used the iterated feasible generalized least squares (IFGLS) estimator under the seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) model. Findings: The results showed that child labor positively affects the homicide of young people, showing education as a transmission channel through which the effect is materialized. The general conclusion, given this, that work is an alternative for children not to enter the world of crime due to its socializing character, cannot be sustained. Practical implications: This evidence provides input to the formulation of policies and programs to eradicate or slow child labor. In addition to the social and economic rise of individuals, it is important to emphasize the role of education (human capital) in explaining economic growth. Originality/value: So far, there is no record of national research that sought to empirically assess the effect of child labor on crime, in particular, on the homicide of young people, considering education as a transmission channel, and this assessment is the contribution of the present study to the economic literature on crime. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-03-2023-0163 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the social psychological characteristics of group violence in crime using Japanese data. Two main hypotheses were examined: (1) crimes committed by groups, particularly larger groups, are more violent than those committed by individuals and (2) juvenile violent crimes are more likely to involve groups than adult violent crimes. Study 1 analyzed police agency crime statistical data and found that group crimes were more violent than individual crimes, with the level of violence increasing with group size. Additionally, juvenile crimes involved larger group sizes on average than adult crimes. Study 2 involved a quantitative text analysis of Japanese newspaper articles and revealed that articles containing group-related words frequently included terms associated with death and brutality, indicating a higher likelihood of fatal outcomes from group violence. Furthermore, co-occurrence analysis indicated a correlation between juvenile delinquency and group crimes. These findings support both hypotheses, providing evidence from non-Western data for research on group violence that predominantly relies on Western data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article revisits my older work on moral panics over "Muslim homophobia" and youth crime to make sense of the arrival of a new criminalized figure: the Palestinian school kid who becomes prone to terrorism and antisemitism after consuming "fake news" on social and Arabic-language media. It addresses the current outbreak of anti-Palestinian racism in Germany as the latest expansion of an archive of criminalization that targets young people who, far from innocent and deserving of care and education, are constructed as folk devils that require heavy-handed punishment, segregation and deportation. While former panics have singled out the problematic heterosexualities of Muslim populations that fail to catch up with women-and-LGBT-friendly communities that care about diversity, the debate about the "Middle East conflict in Berlin schools" foregrounds media use as a central determinant of cultural pathology. This departure from languages of care and diversity, the article argues, reflects a dehumanizing tendency in racial capitalism that appears increasingly undisguised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study delves into the intricate dynamics of adolescent juvenile delinquency by examining the Lens of the Differential Association Theory. Focused on the unique context of adolescents at SMAN 21 Bandung, the study employs qualitative research methods to explore the multifaced relationships between differential association Dynamics and juvenile delinquency. Through in-depth analysis, including comprehensive interviews, observations, and literature reviews, the research sheds light on how adolescents learn and internalize deviant behaviours within their deviant subculture. The findings indicate that deviant behaviour develops a learning process where deviance is perceived as something. Additionally, deviant behaviour is the behaviour of fellow perpetrators in deviant subcultures, establishing an environment in which they feel secure engaging in delinquent activities since there is no one to interfere or report them. The existence of negative interactions serves as a trigger for teenagers to engage in delinquency, highlighting the need for increased supervision from parents and teachers. Furthermore, it is necessary to implement tactics to tackle teenage delinquency within educational institutions, aiming to deter their engagement in deviant behaviours.

Abstract Streets are an important component of urban public spaces and also a high-incidence area for urban crime. However, current research mainly involves adult crime, or fails to distinguish between adult and juvenile crime, which poses a severe challenge to the prevention of juvenile delinquency. Juveniles have lower self-control abilities and are more likely to be influenced by external environmental factors to trigger criminal behavior compared to adults. Therefore, this study uses New York’s Manhattan district as an example, based on CPTED and social disorganization theories, and utilizes street view data and deep learning techniques to extract street environment indicators. The GWR model is used to explore the influence mechanism of urban street environment on juvenile crime. The results of this study, considering spatial heterogeneity, demonstrate the impact of various physical environmental indicators of urban streets on juvenile delinquency, and reveal that some street indicators have differentiated effects on crime in different areas of the city. Overall, our research helps to uncover the relationship between juvenile delinquency and the built environment of streets in complex urban settings, providing important references for future urban street design and juvenile delinquency prevention.

Jason, a 15‐year‐old adolescent, was recently adjudicated and placed at the Rhode Island Training School (RITS), the state's only secure carceral facility for detained and adjudicated youth. Like many of the youth entering the facility, Jason arrived at the RITS with a complex history of trauma, substance use, and behavioral issues. As a child, his father was incarcerated and his mother struggled with substance use, leaving Jason without a consistent caregiver. His early life was marked by frequent moves between foster homes, unstable housing, and exposure to violence. This instability in his childhood led to feelings of anger and frustration, which often manifested in school through defiant behavior, truancy, and eventually, physical altercations that led to his involvement with the juvenile legal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Labeling theory underscores the sequential process that unfolds within an individual, influenced by those in his or her immediate surroundings. Nevertheless, research into the developmental characteristics of labeling theory remains limited. Furthermore, prior studies investigating the impact of informal labeling have predominantly occurred within a Western cultural context. Objective: This study explores two fundamental aspects of within-individual dynamics in the influence of perceived informal labeling on deviant self-concept, utilizing a sample of Korean youth: (1) the evolution of a labeled youth's deviant self-concept over time and (2) variations in the development of the deviant self-concept among individuals. Methods: Using HLM 8.0, A series of random-effects models were estimated using six-wave panel data from Korean youth. Results: The findings reveal that (1) the immediate within-individual effect of perceived informal labeling on deviant self-concept was significantly positive. However, when one- and two-year time intervals between variables were considered, the effects showed a reverse significance. (2) The increase in deviant self-concept over a six-year span was less pronounced for those with a higher level of perceived informal labeling in the first wave, suggesting that these youths attempted to mitigate the adverse effects of labeling. Conclusions: The impact of perceived informal labeling is not consistent over time. Moreover, labeling effects may be shaped by an individual's cultural background. This study is significant as it offers empirical testing of the developmental aspects of labeling theory within a unique cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crisis periods in the economy and the complex nature of the political situation have always had a negative impact on both the general state of crime and its certain types, in particular juvenile delinquency. In recent months, in the context of a general decrease in juvenile delinquency in the Russian Federation, there has been an increase in the number of sabotage crimes provided for in Article 281 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation at railway infrastructure facilities. At the same time, the organized nature of illegal sabotage actions committed by minors in a group is noted. Purpose: to review the features associated with sabotage at railway transport infrastructure facilities in which minors are involved and, based on the available data, to specify the circumstances to be established and proven in the investigation of crimes under Article 281 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Methods: descriptions, generalization, analysis and synthesis, statistical and formal legal methods. Results: the paper substantiates the conclusion on the specifics of sabotage activities of minors, which must be taken into account in the investigation of crimes committed by them under Article 281 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The conducted research makes it possible to identify the specifics of the subject of proof and circumstances to be established during the investigation of sabotage committed by minors at railway transport infrastructure facilities.

Objective Background Methods Results Conclusion Implications This study uses an intersectional approach to examine whether bonding and bridging family social capital change after adolescent delinquency and arrest.Family social capital (the resources and energy investments parents make in their children) has important implications for numerous youth outcomes. To date, little research has examined how stressful behaviors (like delinquency) and life events (such as arrest) strain or strengthen parent–child relationships, particularly across Black, White, and Hispanic families.Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 cohort, the authors use fixed effects, dynamic panel, and correlated random effects models to analyze how delinquent behavior and arrest impact bonding and bridging forms of family social capital in adolescence. Stratified models by race/ethnicity and gender test whether the effects vary across groups.Results show that delinquency is negatively associated with bonding and bridging family social capital. Black girls experienced the sharpest reduction in family social capital resulting from delinquent behavior. Arrest was significantly associated with decreased bridging capital for Hispanic boys and increased bridging capital for Black girls.Delinquency creates stress for parents and reduces investments in children, especially for Black girls. The effects of arrest vary by race and gender.This study demonstrates the dynamism of family social capital and the impact of adolescent delinquency and arrest on parent–child ties, providing insights into the racialized and gendered development of family social capital amid heightened concern about youth deviance and incarceration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on juvenile delinquency and adolescent maladjustment indicates that the beginning of these processes is found in the relationship between multiple risk factors at the individual, family and community levels in this population. The objective of this research was to analyze the risk factors related to the transition from the child welfare system to the adolescent justice system in a group of Chilean male adolescents (n = 108), aged 14-18 years, grouped according to their membership in the child welfare system, the adolescent justice system or both systems. Through a quantitative methodology, variables associated with risk factors were examined by means of the Risk and Resource Evaluation Form FER-R and the Risk and Criminogenic Needs Inventory IRNC instruments. Logistic regression analysis found that the adolescent population within the child welfare system was more likely to enter the adolescent justice system if the following risk factors were present: weak family supervision, consumption of drugs, socially maladaptive peer relationships, and risky free time. These results emphasize that child welfare system interventions should focus on parental support and the management of socio-community networks to prevent re-entry of the adolescent population into the justice system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite awareness about high rates of sexual abuse among girls in the juvenile justice system, little is known about the additional risk conferred upon sexually diverse (SD) youths, as well as the combined vulnerability of sexual abuse and commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) – frequently a survival behavior amplifying disproportionate juvenile justice contact among SD and non-SD juvenile justice-involved (JJI) girls. In a sample of JJI-girls, we compared SD (n = 52) with non-SD (n = 46) JJI-girls on sexual victimization (e.g. sexual abuse occurring within different relationship-types, CSEC), and broader developmental adversity burden disadvantage (cumulative trauma/loss exposure-types) and distress (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]; cumulative stressor-reactivity, grief-specific, and adversity-related symptoms), health distress/impairment, and sexual and physical health-risk indicators. While comparable on childhood sexual abuse frequency, SD JJI-girls reported greater cumulative sexual abuse severity across relationship-types, higher sexual abuse within non-familial contexts, and more CSEC involvement. They also reported more social determinants of health (e.g. trauma/loss exposure-types) and showed elevations on all health-risk indicators, and most cumulative adversity burden indicators, despite comparable PTSD severity. Our findings emphasize the need to consider multiple sexual victimization facets, including the combined vulnerability of sexual abuse and CSEC, and utilize cumulative developmental assessment approaches among youths vulnerable to maltreatment and exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing children involved in legal conflicts in the SOCCSKSARGEN region. The local government of SOCCSKSARGEN is adopting various strategies to address the problem of Children in Conflict with the Law (CICLs) in South Cotabato, Cotabato Province, Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani, and General Santos City. One of the procedures entails establishing the Bahay Pag-asa, a rehabilitation center for children in conflict with the law (CICLs) and at-risk youth. The study participants were of juveniles involved in criminal activities residing at St. Marcelline in General Santos City. These children were placed in the institution to redirect their focus and provide them with a safe haven while their case is being decided. This study employed a quantitative-descriptive design. This study employed the survey approach to gather information about the demographic profile and factors influencing youth involved in criminal activities, such as family relationships, peer influence, and external environmental factors. The conclusions drawn are based on the collected data. 1. Children in Conflict with the Law were of various ages, ranging from 9 to 21 years old, at the time of committing the crime. 2. The majority of these children were influenced by their family dynamics, which led them to engage in criminal activities. 3. The objective is to facilitate the reintegration of children in conflict with the law into society after their case is resolved. The aforementioned programs and services encompassed residential care services, including caring, healing, life skills intervention program, and teaching, as well as a juvenile justice program, technical skills program, and independent living program. This study examines the impact of several influences in the community on youngsters involved in criminal activities. Additionally, it might be inferred that the societal standards in their previous place of residence had ingrained a certain psychological impact on them, causing their sense of wrongdoing to be hindered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]