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The Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a highly destructive lepidopteran pest known for its extensive feeding on maize (Zea mays L.) and other crops, resulting in a substantial reduction in crop yields. Understanding the metabolic response of maize to FAW infestation is essential for effective pest management and crop protection. Metabolomics, a powerful analytical tool, provides insights into the dynamic changes in maize's metabolic profile in response to FAW infestation. This review synthesizes recent advancements in metabolomics research focused on elucidating maize's metabolic responses to FAW and other lepidopteran pests. It discusses the methodologies used in metabolomics studies and highlights significant findings related to the identification of specific metabolites involved in FAW defense mechanisms. Additionally, it explores the roles of various metabolites, including phytohormones, secondary metabolites, and signaling molecules, in mediating plant–FAW interactions. The review also examines potential applications of metabolomics data in developing innovative strategies for integrated pest management and breeding maize cultivars resistant to FAW by identifying key metabolites and associated metabolic pathways involved in plant–FAW interactions. To ensure global food security and maximize the potential of using metabolomics in enhancing maize resistance to FAW infestation, further research integrating metabolomics with other omics techniques and field studies is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of sowing dates, climatic variables on major insect pests population, and host plant resistance with special reference to pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) ecosystem was studied on two cultivars namely, ICPL 87 and ICPL 88039. The insect pest population on two cultivars differed significantly across sowing dates. ICPL 87 was most vulnerable to insect pests as it suffered more damage by the pod borer H. armigera, pod sucking bugs (Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal.) than ICPL 88039. The maximum leaf/pod feeding insect population was recorded on first sowing and then gradually decline for the rest of the plantings. Maximum H. armigera egg population exhibited 21.10 on ICPL 87 in first sowing and at least 1.23 on ICPL 88039 in sixth sowing. Web forming insect pests Maruca virata (3.95) and leaf webber (4.66) weremaximum recorded on ICPL 88039 in second and first planting respectively. The leaf feeding beetle was recorded highest 6.29(ICPL 87) in the third planting. Amid two cultivars maximum insect-pests population was recorded on ICPL 87 when compared to ICPL 88039 except web forming insect Maruca and leaf webber due to its indeterminate genotypic character of ICPL 88039. Between the two genotypes, the sucking pests more preferred to ICPL 87 when compared ICPL 88039. Maximum jassids were recorded 12.76 and 8.38 (ICPL 87) in fourth sowing and third sowing respectively. It was observed that highest spider population recorded 2.23(ICPL 88039) in first and second sowing. Ladybird beetle Coccinella transvasalis population recorded a maximum 8.52 (ICPL 87). The leaf webber (r= 0.449**) and pod bug (r= 0.421**) showed a highly significant positive correlation with maximum temperature and H. armigera larvae population exhibited highly significant positive correlation with minimum temperature (r= 0.491**) and morning relative humidity (r= 0.528**). Solar radiation also exhibited and showed a significant positive correlation with leaf webber (r= 533**). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Host plant resistance is an important component for minimizing the losses due to the pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera and other pod borer complex. Among pod borer, which is the most devastating pest of pigeonpea. An understanding of different morphological and biochemical components of resistance is essential for developing strategies to breed for resistance to insect pests. morphological and biochemical components associated with expression of resistance to pod borer complex in Pigeonpea hybrids and cultivars to identify accessions with a diverse combination of characteristics associated with resistance to this pest. Among the genotypes ICPH 3461, ICPH 3762, BSMR 853, ICPL 332 WR, ICPH 2740, ENT 11 showed least preference for pod borer complex as compared to susceptible check ICPL 87. In context to morphological factors pod wall thickness, trichome density of type C and D on calyx and pod with correlation coefficient (r) (-0.508*), ( -0.717**, -0.748**), (-0.810**, -0.749**) exhibited a strong negative association with percent pod damage by pod borer complex. Among the biochemical factors protein, sugar content in pigeonpea seeds exhibited significant positive correlation with correlation coffecient (r) being (0.710**, 0.843**), respectively with percent pod damage by pod borer complex. Whereas, total phenols, tannins, total flavonoids present in seeds showed significant negative correlation with correlation coffecient (r) being (-0.729**, - 0.650**, -0.783**), respectively with percent pod damage by pod borer complex. Thus genotypes with maximum pod wall thickness, high non glandular trichome density and high phenol, tannins, flavonoids content in pigeonpea genotypes showed tolerance to pod borer complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation was carried out to evaluate bioefficacy of biopesticides such as Jatropha oil, NSKE and NPV in various combinations along with control under chickpea-coriander intercropping ecosystem for three seasons against Helicoverpa armigera. The results revealed that the most effective treatment was T4 (chickpea; Jatropha treated) + coriander (NPV treated) followed by T9 (chickpea; Jatropha treated alone). The pooled mean of lowest damage for 3 years (2011, 2012, and 2013) was in chickpea (Jatropha treated) + coriander (NPV treated) treatments followed by chickpea (Jatropha treated) treatment alone. The mean grain yield of 1292 kg/ha was recorded for T4 treatment in chickpea (Jatropha at 5 mL/L) + coriander (NPV at 0.5 mL/L). The maximum coriander yield of 1008 kg/ha was obtained in T2 treatment, i.e., chickpea (NSKE treated) + coriander (untreated). The present results suggest that Jatropha curcas seed oil either alone or in combination with other biopesticides could be used as botanical insecticide against chickpea pests under any integrated pest management strategy for insect pest control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different biopesticides against the second instar larva of Helicoverpa armigera at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics during 2016-2017. Varied doses of biopesticides were used during experiment against second instar larvae of H. armigera and recorded the per cent morality. Among the selected biopesticides neem seed powder, HaNPV and Spinosad showed superior and recorded maximum per cent morality at 24 hr and 48 hr day after release. The metarhizium anisopliae, Streptomyces sp. and consortia were at par with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]