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This work analyzes certain influences of climatological variables on the city, as well as the main interactions between green spaces and the environmental parameters that form the urban environment. Several comfort indices were used in different parts of the eight districts most representative of the urban complex. The formulation of these indices was statistically correlated with the green zone areas, in order to find out the surface area of these areas that the city should have in order for this to be considered theoretically comfortable. The scenario for the study was in all cases the city of Valencia, Spain, taken as a prototype of the Mediterranean city. DOI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(2004)130:2(94) CE Database subject headings: Urban planning; Vegetation; Trees.

In recent years several studies have shown that the X chart with variable sampling intervals (VSI), the X chart with variable size (VSS), the X chart with variable sample size and sampling intervals (VSSI) and the X chart with variable parameters (VP) detect both small and moderate shifts in the process mean more quickly than the traditional Shewhart X chart. Double sampling is the counterpart to double sampling plans. A combined double sampling variable sampling interval (DSVSI) X chart is studied in this paper. It is compared with the aforementioned charts and with the CUSUM and EWMA charts. In all cases, the DSVSI X chart is quicker at detecting small and moderate shifts in the process mean. An example is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the usefulness of stress testing in predicting multivessel coronary disease and left ventricular dysfunction, 83 male patients with a myocardial infarction one to 84 months previously were studied. In inferior infarction (45 patients), the ST segment depression had a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 77% to detect multivessel disease. Patients with multivessel disease had significantly lower exercise capacity and maximal heart rates. ST segment elevation showed a poor correlation with the number of affected vessels. In anterior infarction (38 patients), both ST segment depression and elevation were of little value to detect multivessel disease. However, the predictive value of an exercise test without ST segment changes to exclude multivessel disease was 89%; on the other hand, patients without ST segment changes had significantly higher ejection fractions, exercise capacity, maximal heart rates and rate-pressure products than patients with ST segment changes. Patients with ST segment elevation had significantly lower ejection fractions in both groups. The sensitivity of ST segment elevation to detect severe segmental left ventricular dysfunction was 84% for anterior infarction and 54% for inferior infarction. Specificity was 84 and 85%, respectively. We conclude that: (1) exercise-induced ST segment depression is useful to predict the extent of coronary artery disease in inferior infarction, but it is of limited value in anterior infarction, (2) exercise-induced ST segment elevation correlates well with the presence of severe left ventricular dysfunction in both anterior and inferior infarction, and (3) an exercise test of considerable intensity without ST segment changes makes the existence of multivessel coronary disease and/or severe left ventricular dysfunction very improbable. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this study was to contribute to the understanding of innovation and crowdfunding of International Olympic Sport Federations (IFs), which are the world governing bodies of their respective sports. Three research questions were addressed: the perceptions of the IFs on the implementation of their innovation programmes during the last four years (2016-2020), the impact of COVID-19 on the IFs capability to innovate, and the crowdfunding strategies of the IFs. A mixed method combining qualitative and quantitative approaches was used. An online semi-structured questionnaire which included an open answer section was completed by IFs executives ( n  = 22) and an analysis of the information provided by IFs through various content sources was conducted. Results showed that IFs with less funding had a significantly more innovative approach that their counterparts, that the perception of the impact of COVID-19 on the innovative capability was not unanimous, that they identified sport-specific programmes as the most innovative of all initiatives delivered during the pandemic, and that crowdfunding projects were implemented in their sport but mostly at individual and local levels. From a research perspective, since this is the first study that investigates the innovation and crowdfunding strategies of IFs, future directions include the need for further research with national and regional federations on these topics. Practical implications are suggested for IFs to deliver innovative programmes to satisfy their stakeholder needs and to consider new funding methods such as crowdfunding as part of their strategies., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2022.)