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As industries continue to release pollutants into the environment, the preservation of the environment has become a crucial concern. Among these pollutants, dye pollutants are particularly dangerous because they degrade slowly and pose a threat to aquatic life. In this paper, the removal and degradation of two dangerous dye contaminants, Malachite Green (MG) and Congo red (CR), by g-C3N4 and its composites and derivatives, were investigated. The results have shown that these composites have effectively removed both CR and MG dye contaminants from aqueous media in almost all studies, with a high degradation rate of over 90%. Also, in all studies, composites and derivatives of g-C3N4 have been found to destroy these two dye pollutants more effectively than g-C3N4 alone. Finally, as a general outcome, g-C3N4 and its composites can be utilized on a large scale in the textile industry to eliminate dye contaminants and aid in preserving the environment for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hyoscine butylbromide is used as an antispasmodic in treating peptic ulcers, gastritis, and various disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that are characterized by spasms. It has also found employment for the relief of spasmodic conditions of the bile duct and urinary tract and for the treatment of dysmenorrhea. Objective: In this study, the application of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as a colorimetric probe for the fast, selective, and simple determination of hyoscine butylbromide was described. Methods: The proposed method was based on the Ag NPs aggregation induced by their interaction with the cited drug. This interaction produced a color change from yellow to colorless measured at 405 nm. Results: The method linear concentration range was 0.10-50.0 mg/mL with a correlation equation (y=0.0132 xþ0.3174), correlation coefficient of 0.9981, and quantification limits of 0.091 mg/mL. A thorough investigation was done to validate the method's analytical performance, and the findings were satisfactory. With great accuracy and precision, this approach was used to identify the medication in pharmaceutical tablet samples with recovery percentages ranging from 96.20 to 98.10%. Conclusions: Since there are no critical reaction conditions or solvent extraction involved in the described method, it is distinguished by its simplicity. The results were quite consistent with those attained using the approved standard method. Highlights: Simple, fast, and sensitive colorimetric probe developed for determination of hyoscine butylbromide in pharmaceutical formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel unsymmetric Mn(III)/TEMPO-salen complex bearing three hydroxyl groups was served as a reducing agent for the efficient preparation of Mn/TEMPO-doped Fe3O4 NPs in situ. This protocol suggests an in situ Mn(III)/TEMPO-salen complex doping via a co-precipitation method for the preparation of magnetic NPs that was studied and confirmed by FTIR, TGA, VSM, ICP, TEM, XRD, UV–Vis, BET, DLS, zeta potentials, EDX, and XPS analyses. The resulting Mn/TEMPO-doped Fe3O4 NPs was found as an efficient nanocatalyst for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to the corresponding carbonyl and carboxylic acid by the change of oxidant type. In the presence of oxone as an oxidant, the alcohol oxidation proceeds to carboxylic acid, while underwent O2 bubbling, carbonyl product was obtained selectively. Mn/TEMPO-doped Fe3O4 could be recycled for at least 8 consecutive recycles without any considerable reactivity loss. Unsymmetric Mn(III)/TEMPO-salen complex was used as a reducing agent for the synthesis of Mn/TEMPO-doped Fe3O4 NPs in situ as an efficient catalyst for alcohols oxidation selectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid increase in global waste, driven by population growth, has raised significant environmental concerns. Among different types of wastes, green biowastes (BWs) containing organic matter have attracted considerable attention. The conversion of BW, particularly from herbaceous and animal sources, to carbon-based materials (CBMs) introduces a suitable platform for waste management and resource recovery. Furthermore, this strategy creates valuable materials from low-value waste for various applications, sensing included. The abundance of these wastes provides a sustainable and affordable raw material and enhances the feasibility of fabricating these materials. Generally, the presence of carbon in their structure can present an accessible resource for producing different carbon materials, especially carbon dots (CDs), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs). The performance of these CBMs has been enhanced by optimizing synthesis processes, incorporating functional groups, and integrating various materials. The synthesized CBMs possess desirable features, such as biocompatibility, excellent physical, chemical, and electrical conductivity. These materials have been used in different sensors such as electrochemical (EC) and optical sensors for presenting high performance sensing probes with several benefits such as real-time monitoring, rapid detection, and high sensitivity. The first section of this review is dedicated to the preparation of CBMs, derived from green BWs, by different synthesized methods for use in different fields including biomedical application, food safety, and environmental monitoring. In addition, the challenges, limitations, and future directions in the development of these CBMs were completely discussed to improve their performance., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)