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Complement factor H (CFH) Y402 H (rs1061170) and age-related maculopathy susceptibility2 (ARMS2)/LOC387715 A69 S (rs10490924) polymorphisms shown to have significant association with AMD. In this meta-analysis, we updated and pooled the results of available association studies between combined ARMS2/LOC387715A69 S-CFHY402 H genotypes and AMD to estimate the synergistic effects. Heterogeneity of studies was evaluated using Cochran Q-test and I-square index. To modify the heterogeneity in the variables we used random effects model. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA. To estimate the additive or supra-additive effects we calculated RERI (relative excess risk due to interaction), AP (attributable proportion due to interaction), S (synergy index) and V (multiplicative index). We included 12 studies with 4668 AMD patients and 4936 control subjects. Considering the GGTT genotypes as reference line, the pooled AMD odds ratios for stratified combined genotypes was 2.13 (95% CI 1.64–2.78) for GGnonTT, 2.17 (95% CI 1.63–2.89) for nonGGTT and 7.23 (95% CI 4.95–10.55) for nonGGnonTT. Pooled synergy analysis revealed RERI = 3.90 (95% CI 0.58–10.03), AP =.53 (95% CI 0.09–0.69), S = 2.57 (95% CI 1.27–5.22) and V = 1.47 (95% CI 1.21–1.80). This updated analysis showed a strong synergistic and positive multiplicative effect of these two genes indicating that there is common pathway of ARMS2/LOC387715 A69 S and CFH Y402 H in AMD pathogenesis which may be complement system pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are conflicting results of studies investigating the association between the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms and Behcet's disease (BD). The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the association between these gene polymorphisms and ocular involvement in BD. We identified relevant studies and reviewed the full-text manuscripts of the studies in order to select those for inclusion. Heterogeneity of studies was evaluated using Cochran Q-test and I-square index. To modify the heterogeneity in the variables we used random effects model. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA. We analyzed TNF-1031, −308 and ACE DD/II genotype difference between BD patients with and without uveitis. Among these polymorphic genetic loci TNF-308 AA genotype has a statistically significant protective effect against BD uveitis (OR = 0.45 vs 1.23, p =.017). Such a statistically significant effect was not seen for other studied genotypes. This meta-analysis revealed a significant protective effect of TNF-308 AA genotype against ocular involvement in Behcet's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose:To evaluate the possible synergistic effect of at risk genotypes ofARMS2/LOC387715(A69S), DNA repairSMUG1rs3087404,CCL2–2518,C3(R102G),CFH Y402H, complement factor B(L9H), andcomplement factor I(CFI) (G119R) in advanced age-related macular degeneration compared to those of healthy controls. Elucidation of synergistic effects between different genetic loci may clarify their pathogenetic pathways. Methods:We calculated relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index (S) to estimate the additive or supra-additive effects of the mentioned genotypes. Results:ARMS2-CFH [RERI = 4.78 (95% CI 2.17–10.61), AP = 0.65 (95% CI 0.33–0.83), S = 4.11 (95% CI 1.40–12.06)], and CFH-C3 combinations [RERI = 2.71 (95% CI 0.04–7.01) AP = 0.47 (95% CI −0.03–0.7) S = 2.30 (95%CI 0.97–5.45)] have the most significant levels of synergism and C3-CFI combination [RERI = −1.65 (95%CI −4.34–0.06), AP = −0.92(95%CI −3.09 – −0.09), S = 0.32 (95%CI 0.09 = 1.20)] has the most significant level of antagonism. Conclusion:Among different genotype combinations ARMS2-CFH and CFH-C3 combinations have the most significant levels of synergism and C3-CFI combination has the most significant level of antagonism in AMD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: To pool the results of published data regarding association of ARMS2/LOC387715 A69S, CFH Y402H and CFH I62V genotypes with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) with and without reticular pseudodrusen (RPD). The results of this pooled data used to estimate the contribution of each of these genes in the pathogenesis of RPD. Heterogeneity of studies was evaluated using Cochran Q‐test and I2 index. To modify the heterogeneity in the variables, we used the random effects model. Meta‐analysis was performed using STATA. Odds ratio (OR) of genotypes in each study was calculated. Six studies of AMD with RPD and AMD without RPD cases included in this analysis. Analysis of pooled data showed that risk genotypes frequency of ARMS2 A69S was significantly different between AMD with RPD and AMD without RPD [OR = 1.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–2.63 for GT versus GG ARMS2 A69S; OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.50–3.84 for TT versus GG ARMS2 A69S]. Further analysis also showed that the risk genotype frequency of CFH Y402H was not significantly different between these two groups (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.69–1.50 for CT versus TT CFH Y402H; OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.74–1.60 for CC versus TT CFH Y402H). Comparison of above‐mentioned ORs revealed statistically higher values for GT and TT genotypes of ARMS2 A69S compared with CFH Y402H genotypes (p = 0.011, p = 0.014, respectively).Our analysis showed stronger contribution of ARMS2 in AMD with RPD group versus AMD without RPD group, in comparison with CFH genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To determine the joint effect of complement component 3(C3 R102G) with CC-cytokine ligand2 (CCL2-2518) or complement factor H (CFH) Y402H polymorphisms on advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: In this case-control study, 233 patients with advanced AMD and 159 unrelated healthy controls enrolled for evaluation. Selected polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: A combination of AACCL2(rs1024611) and GG C3 (R102G) genotypes resulted in a super-additivity of the risks: OR = 10.13, 95% CI 1.04–98.49,p= 0.04, adjusted OR = 7.74, 95% CI 0.71–84.75,p< 0.1, adjusted synergy indices: relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) = 1.38, the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) = 24.7% and the synergy index (S) = 1.43. Combination of at-risk genotypes ofCFHY402H and C3 R102G resulted in a strong super-additive risk: adjusted OR = 22.65, 95% CI 2.32–220.91,p= 0.007, adjusted AP = 90.4% and the S = 12.86. Attributable proportion of risk owing to C3-CCL2and C3-CFHinteraction calculated at 25% and 90% for advanced AMD. Conclusion: We have previously shown a strong association of C3 (R102G) andCFHY402H with AMD whereas no association was found forCCL2-2518. This study enclosed strong synergistic association of risk genotypes of C3 andCFHY402H with AMD. We also revealed synergistic influence ofCCL2-2518 and the at-risk genotype of the C3 in AMD with an estimated AP = 50.9% (adjusted AP = 24.7%). Present findings show thatCCL2-2518 polymorphism is not an innocent bystander in AMD susceptibility when combined with the at-risk genotype of C3 (R102G). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The age-related maculopathy susceptibility2 (ARMS2)/LOC387715 A69S(rs10490924) polymorphism and cigarette smoking have been shown to have significant association with AMD. In this meta-analysis we used the results of available association studies of combinedARMS2/LOC387715genotypes and cigarette smoking with AMD to estimate the possible synergistic or multiplicative effects. Methods: Heterogeneity of studies was evaluated using the Cochran Q-test and the I-square index. To compensate for the heterogeneity of the variables in the study we used a random effects model. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA. To estimate the additive or supra-additive effects, we calculated relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), synergy index (S), and multiplicative index (V). Results: We could include four studies with 1982 AMD patients and 1797 control subjects. Considering the GG-no smoking as a reference line the meta-analysis result of AMD odds ratios for stratified combined factors was 3.05 (95% CI 2.32–4.02) for nonGG-no smoking, 2.24 (95% CI 1.39–3.63) for GG-smoking and 4.59 (95% CI 3.51–6.01) for nonGG-smoking. The meta-analysis of synergy analysis revealed RERI = 2.01 (95% CI 1.01–3.25), AP = 0.40 (95% CI 0.22–0.54), S = 2.02 (95% CI 1.35–3.01), and V = 1.31 (95% CI 0.94–1.83). Conclusion: This analysis revealed the synergistic effect of these two factors indicating that there is a common pathway ofARMS2/LOC387715and smoking in AMD pathogenesis which may be the complement system pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose: Complement factor H (CFH) Y402H (rs1061170) and age-related maculopathy susceptibility2 (ARMS2)/LOC387715 A69S (rs10490924) polymorphisms shown to have significant association with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this meta-analysis, we pooled the results of the available association studies between combined ARMS2/LOC387715A69S-CFHY402H genotypes and AMD to estimate the possible synergistic or multiplicative effects. Methods: Heterogeneity of studies was evaluated using the Cochran Q-test and the I-square index. To modify the heterogeneity in the variables, we used random effects model. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA. To estimate the additive or supra-additive effects, we calculated relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), synergy index (S), and multiplicative index (V). Results: We included eight studies with 2915 AMD patients and 3505 control subjects. Considering the GGTT genotypes as reference lines, the pooled AMD Odds Ratios for stratified combined genotypes were 2.32 (95% CI 1.64–3.28) for GGnon-TT, 2.49 (95% CI 1.72–3.60) for non-GGTT, and 7.82 (95% CI 5.09–12.00) for non-GGnon-TT. Pooled synergy analysis revealed RERI = 4.08 (95% CI 3.15–5.27), AP = 0.50 (95% CI 0.42–0.57), S = 2.31 (95% CI 1.9–2.82), and V = 1.21 (95% CI 0.93–1.49). Conclusion: This analysis revealed the synergistic and positive multiplicative effect of these two genes indicating that there is a common pathway of ARMS2/LOC387715 and CFH in AMD pathogenesis which may be the complement system pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cataract is mainly due to the presence of high molecular weight protein, which disrupts the normal function of the lens. Pathogenic variants in Gap Junction protein alpha-8 (GJA8) have been associated with autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataract. In general, mutations in those genes that have important functions in lens development lead to congenital cataract. We conducted whole-exome sequencing (WES) in a four-year-old male patient referred to the genetic center for genetic analysis. He had developed cataract at an early age. DNAs were extracted from the blood samples of all family members and subjected to PCR-Sanger sequencing to confirm the WES results. WES analysis on the proband revealed two mutations in the GJA8 gene (c.G12C, c.G58A). His mother, alongside several other members of the third-generation family, had developed cataract. Sanger sequencing of the interested regions showed that these two mutations were co-segregated in all affected members. However, none of the healthy individuals carried these mutations confirming that these two mutations are located in the same allele (complex allele). Bioinformatics analysis of the mutated GJA8 RNA and protein structure confirmed the pathogenicity of the cis-mutations. Genetic segregation analysis in a three-generation family and also bioinformatics analysis showed that the complex-allele containing c.G12C+c.G58A mutations in the GJA8 gene is a pathogenic variant that causes autosomal-dominant congenital nuclear cataract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To report a rare case of bilateral anterior uveitis with hypopyon formation following systemic topiramate use. Materials and Methods: A 40-year-old woman with migraine headache who was under topiramate treatment referred with bilateral ocular pain and visual blurring. Physical examination disclosed shallow anterior chamber and high intraocular pressure in both eyes. Following discontinuation of topiramate a severe bilateral anterior uveitis with posterior synechiae and hypopyon developed. Results: Ocular inflammation resolved with systemic and topical steroid. Because of severe cataract and synechiae formation she underwent phacoemulsification/posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and visual acuity of both eyes improved to 20/25. Conclusion: Topiramate should be added to the list of drugs that may cause anterior uveitis and hypopyon formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the possible association of UBASH3B gene rs4936742 (T > C) polymorphism with Behcet's disease (BD) and posterior uveitis in BD. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty-one patients with BD (51 Behcet's posterior uveitis and 80 non-ocular Behcet's patients) and 61 unrelated age-matched healthy individuals as a control group without any inflammatory disease were selected. All BD cases were under follow-up and treatment in uveitis or rheumatology clinics for at least 5 years. All research subjects, including control individuals, received a comprehensive rheumatologic evaluation. All patients and controls were genotyped for UBASH3B rs4936742 (T > C) polymorphism by PCR-RFLP technique. Results: The observed frequencies of genotypes were significantly different among patients and controls (19.7% versus 30.5% for TT, OR = 2.9, P = 0.011 and 36.1% versus 45.8% for CT, OR = 2.38, P = 0.017). Frequencies of T allele showed significantly higher values in Behcet's patients (OR = 1.9, P = 0.004). Subgroup genotypic and allelic analyses disclosed no significant difference between Behcet's posterior uveitis and control groups, neither between Behcet's posterior uveitis and non-ocular BD groups. However, genotypic and allelic analyses between non-ocular BD and control groups revealed statistically significant difference (36.3% versus 19.7% for TT, OR = 4.08, P = 0.003 and 43.8% versus 36.1% for CT, OR = 2.68, P = 0.018, 58.1% versus 37.7% for T allele, OR = 2.29, P = 0.001). Individuals carrying the TT genotype for UBASH3B were four times more likely to develop non-ocular BD than unaffected, control individuals. Conclusion: Our results showed that the UBASH3B gene rs4936742 (T > C) polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of Behcet's disease, especially non-ocular BD, in Iranian population. We could not find any susceptibility role of this genetic locus for posterior uveitis in Behcet's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease and recently the role of DNA repairing genes in its susceptibility has been studied. It has been hypothesized that polymorphism in DNA repair system genes reduce the capacity to repair DNA damages which may lead to a greater susceptibility to AMD. C-reactive protein (CRP) production is shown to enhance inflammatory processes by increasing oxidative stress and inducing DNA damage. We planned to evaluate the possible association ofSMUG1variants and their possible interaction with high sensitivity CRP levels in AMD. Materials and methods:We included 500 case-control samples consisting of 279 advanced type AMD patients and 221 genetically unrelated healthy controls enrolled for evaluation. Extracted-DNA samples were amplified to obtain fragments including the polymorphic regionSMUG1rs3087404. We calculated relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy index (S) to clarify possible interaction of different genotypes and CRP levels for AMD. Results:The distribution of the genotypes were not significantly different in the AMD patients compared to that of controls (p= 0.849). The allele frequency forSMUG1was not different between study groups. No difference ofSMUG1polymorphism between case and control groups was evident in higher CRP levels (CRP>3mg/dl) compared with lower CRP levels.SMUG1/CRP synergy indices calculated as RERI = −0.12 and AP = −0.18 while S was not calculable. Conclusions:Our study showed that c.-31A/G-SMUG1 genotypes/alleles do not have any association with the occurrence or severity of advanced type AMD. There was no interaction of CRP levels andSMUG1genotypes in AMD susceptibility. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly population. Inflammatory mediators play an important role in AMD pathogenesis and immune-related gene polymorphisms are shown to increase the risk. Complement system is an important mediator of the immunity system and several genes encoding proteins involved in this system are associated with susceptibility to AMD. The central element of the complement cascade, C3 has been a plausible candidate since its cleavage product C3a was found in drusen. This study was planned to evaluate the association of C3-rs2230199 (R102G) variants with advanced type AMD in this cohort. Materials and methods: In this case-control study, 494 participants consisting of 266 AMD patients (187 wet AMD and 79 advanced dry AMD) and 228 samples from unrelated healthy controls were enrolled for evaluation. Extracted-DNA samples were amplified to obtain fragments including the polymorphic region. Results: The distribution of the R102G genotypes was significantly different in the AMD patients compared to controls (p= 0.001).The Odds Ratio compared to CC individuals was 1.69 (95% CI 1.15–2.49) for GC individuals and 6.48 (95% CI1.87–22.43) for GG individuals. The Odds Ratio compared to the C allele was 2.31 (95% CI 0.48–11) for the G allele. GG and GC genotypes and G allele were significantly associated with both types of advanced-AMD. Individuals carrying GG genotype have over a six-fold risk of developing AMD in comparison to those carrying the CC genotype in this cohort. Our meta-analysis pooled data showed that our homozygous individuals for GG have a higher risk of AMD compared to previous publications in different nations (p= 0.017). Conclusions: Our study shows C3 to be a relatively strong susceptibility gene for advanced-type-AMD (exudative-and-geographic-atrophy) in an Iranian population. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is the most common type of retinal detachment. Purpose of this study is to evaluate the possible association of ARMS2 (age-related macular susceptibility 2) A69S and CFH (complement factor H) Y402H polymorphisms with post-surgical macular complications. One hundred and two RRD patients with macular involvement and proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade A prospectively were enrolled in the study. All patients were genotyped for two polymorphisms of CFH Y402H and ARMS2 A69S by applying Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)—Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Scleral buckling or deep vitrectomy performed based on surgeon decision. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) for all patients was performed on three, six, and twelve months after operation. The ARMS2 A69S GT genotype showed significant association with postoperative cystoid macular edema (OR = 3.11, P = 0.039). Logistic regression analysis showed that the effect of ARMS2 GT vs GG genotype remained significant on CME after confounding factors correction. (ARMS2 GT vs GG OR = 4.79, p value = 0.035). No association was observed between studied genotypes and postoperative persistent subfoveal fluid, macular atrophy, and macular epiretinal membrane. The ARMS2 A69S GT genotype was significantly associated with postoperative cystoid macular edema in RRD cases with macular involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case-control study aimed to evaluate the possible association of MCP-1 − 2518A/G genetic polymorphism with Behcet's disease (BD) in the Iranian patients. This study was performed in 135 Behcet's patients (51 ocular and 84 non-ocular) and 79 healthy individuals. Peripheral blood samples were genotyped for MCP-1 − 2518A/G using the PCR-RFLP technique. The statistical analysis of MCP-1 − 2518A/G showed no significant differences in genotype/allele frequencies between Behcet's patients and controls. There was no significant association in genotype/allele frequencies between either ocular or non-ocular BD patients and controls. Also, different genotype/allele frequencies between ocular and non-ocular BD were not statistically significant. In this study, with a threshold P-value of 0.05 and an estimated power of 0.81 to detect a significant association (odds ratio ≥1.2), we did not observe any association of this variant with Behcet's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) as the leading cause of central visual loss in the developed countries has extensive pathologic similarities with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Saitohin rs62063857 Q7 R polymorphism is associated with increased risk of AD though we decided to evaluate the possible association of this polymorphism with advanced AMD. Materials and Methods: 152 advanced AMD patients (134 wet AMD and 18 geographic atrophy) and 75 healthy controls included in this study. Cases and controls went through a standard ophthalmologic examination by a retinal specialist. Saitohin gene rs62063857 polymorphism determined by using PCR technique and restriction enzyme HinFI. To evaluate the differences between groups we used t-test, Chi-Squared and one-tailed Fisher exact test. Results: Distribution of genotypes was not significantly different between total AMD or wet AMD patients compared to that of controls (total AMD RR+QR: OR = 1.51, CI = 0.82–2.79, P =.12; wet AMD RR+QR: OR = 1.39, CI = 0.74–2.59, P =.19). The RR+QR genotypes were significantly higher in dry AMD group compared to that of controls (RR+QR: OR = 2.75, CI = 0.96–7.9, P =.05). Conclusion: Our results showed that although STH Q7 R polymorphism was not associated with wet AMD susceptibility it was significantly associated with geographic atrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To analyze the results of scanning slit topography in both eyes of patients with unilateral Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI). Methods: A noninterventional, case-controlled study was conducted with 30 patients with unilateral FHI. Corneal topographic parameters, obtained with the Orbscan II (Bausch & Lomb), were compared between the two eyes and analyzed statistically. The same number of age-matched normals was enrolled as a control group. Results: Thirty patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 33.3 years ±± 10.6 (SD). The mean Sim K astigmatism was 1.65 ±± 1.27 diopter in the FHI eyes and 0.88 ±± 0.52 diopter in the normal eyes ( p == .001). Conclusion: Corneal astigmatism is a common finding in patients with FHI and disparity of corneal astigmatism between the two eyes can be considered a sign of the unilateral form of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of repeated intra-silicone oil (SO) injections of methotrexate (MTX) on the outcomes of surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with grade C proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR-C). Methods: In this prospective pilot case series, eyes with RRD and PVR-C underwent pars plana vitrectomy and intraocular injection of SO. At the conclusion of the procedure, 250 µg of MTX was injected into the SO-filled vitreous cavity. Intra-SO injection was repeated at weeks 3 and 6; the minimum follow-up period was 6 months. The main outcome measure was retinal reattachment rate. Results: Eleven eyes of 11 patients (mean age, 52.73 ± 18.01 years) were included. The mean follow-up period was 9 ± 3 months (range, 6–15 months). Total retinal detachment with anterior and/or posterior PVR-C was present in all eyes before surgery. Mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 2.62 ± 0.04 logMAR. All operated eyes exhibited retinal reattachment posterior to the equator during the follow-up period. Mean postoperative BCVA was significantly improved to 1.02 ± 0.51 logMAR (p = 0.003). No ocular or systemic side effects were observed. Conclusion: Repeated intra-SO injection of MTX as an adjunctive therapy for RRD complicated by PVR showed promising results and was not associated with adverse effects. Further studies are needed to confirm its possible beneficial effects on the final anatomic and functional outcomes in these cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To evaluate the association of CC-cytokine ligand 2 CCL2-2518 (rs1024611) single nucleotide polymorphism, complement factor H ( CFH Y402H) and their possible interaction in developing advanced age-related macular degeneration ( AMD). Methods In this case-control study, DNA samples from 266 patients with advanced AMD and 229 healthy controls were genotyped for CCL2 polymorphism and also 254 patients and 164 healthy controls were genotyped for CFH polymorphism. The possible associations of these polymorphisms with susceptibility to AMD independently and in different joint combinations were evaluated. Results The genotype frequency for CFH was found to be significantly different between AMD and normal controls (31.5% versus 20.7%, OR = 3.56, p < 0.001 for CC and 52.4% versus 41.5%, OR = 2.96, p < 0.001 for CT genotype). However, no significant association between CCL2 polymorphism and AMD was observed in this cohort ( OR = 1.15 and OR = 0.8, p = 0.172). Interestingly, studying the joint effects of two genotypes ( TT genotype of CFH Y402H and AG genotype of CCL2-2518) showed more significant protective effect against AMD (p = 0.0001), while the risk effect of CC and CT genotypes of CFH was only visible in the presence of AA genotype of CCL2-2518 (p = 0.044 and p = 0.05). Conclusion Complement factor H Y402H polymorphism is strongly associated with advanced type AMD. Although this study revealed no association of CCL2-2518 with AMD, the risk effect of CFH genotypes was only visible in the presence of AA genotype of CCL2-2518. AG genotype of CCL2-2518 in combination with TT genotype of CFH Y402H showed significant protective effect against AMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of systemic oxygen therapy in the management of acute ocular chemical and thermal burns. Design: Prospective, nonrandomized, comparative, interventional case series. Methods: Twenty-four eyes of 22 patients with grade III to IV acute ocular chemical and thermal burns received conventional medical therapy. The oxygen therapy group (13 eyes) additionally received 100% oxygen using a simple mask at a flow rate of 10 L/minute for 1 hour twice daily. Main outcome measures were time for healing of the corneal epithelial defect and improvement in perilimbal ischemia. Secondary outcome measures included visual acuity, corneal transparency and vascularization, and complications. Results: Corneal epithelial defects healed within 15.23 ± 3.94 days (range, 10 to 21 days) in the oxygen group versus 59.9 ± 23.33 days (range, 28 to 95 days) in controls (P < .001). Vascularization of ischemic areas was complete in 14.54 ± 2.70 days (range, 10 to 21 days) in the oxygen group versus 45.09 ± 22.20 days (range, 25 to 105 days) in controls (P = .001). In the oxygen group, the cornea was more transparent and less vascularized 3 and 6 months after injury. Mean final visual acuity (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution) was 0.40 ± 0.52 (range, 0 to 1.3) versus 1.11 ± 0.83 (range, 0.1 to 3) in the oxygen and control groups, respectively (P = .018). In the oxygen group, symblepharon or corneoscleral melting did not develop in any patient; however, in the control group, symblepharon developed in 3 eyes and corneoscleral melting developed in 1 patient. Conclusions: In the acute phase of ocular chemical or thermal burns, oxygen therapy improves limbal ischemia, accelerates epithelialization, increases corneal transparency, and decreases corneal vascularization. It also may improve visual acuity and reduce complications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: To compare central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements obtained with a dual Scheimpflug camera system (Galilei), a scanning-slit topographer (Orbscan II), and an ultrasound (US) pachymeter (SP-2000) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia. Setting: Ophthalmic Research Center, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Tehran, Iran. Methods: This prospective study enrolled patients who had PRK to correct myopia or myopic astigmatism and a postoperative follow-up of at least 5 months. The CCT was measured in a single session using Scheimpflug imaging, scanning-slit topography, and US pachymetry. Data were analyzed with paired t tests, linear regression, and Bland-Altman plots. Results: The mean CCT in the 100 eyes (50 patients) was 524.06 μm ± 38.56 (SD) with Scheimpflug imaging, 505.92 ± 47.35 μm with scanning-slit topography, and 496.97 ± 42.74 μm with US pachymetry. The lower to upper 95% limits of agreement (LoA) with US pachymetry were 2.4 to 51.8 μm for Scheimpflug imaging and −22.2 to 40.1 μm for scanning-slit topography. After application of a correction factor (0.95), the mean corrected Scheimpflug CCT measurement was 497.33 ± 36.59 μm and the lower to upper 95% LoA with US pachymetry were −25.9 to 25.5 μm. The acoustic factor for scanning-slit topography was 0.94. Conclusions: The CCT measurements in eyes that had PRK were thicker with Scheimpflug imaging than with US pachymetry or scanning-slit topography in the late postoperative period. With application of a correction factor, the Scheimpflug measurements were closer to US pachymetry values and had better agreement than scanning-slit topography. Financial Disclosure: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]