Search

Objective: To analyze the effects of Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (Injectable contraceptive) on serum cholesterol level of adult female albino rats. Study Design: An experimental study. Place and Duration: At Department of Anatomy, Dow University of Health Science from 1st March 2012 to 30th August 2012. Methodology: Total Seventy-two female albino rats Wister strain were used which were further divided into three groups, named Group A, Group B and Group C. These groups were then subdivided into three subgroups depending on the duration of treatment. Treatment was given for one, two and three months. Group A (n=24) animals were served as controls. Group B as treated (n= 24) and were given MPA (3mg/kg) according to body weight of rat. Group C treated group (n= 24) was given double dose of MPA (6 mg/kg). At the beginning of the experiment only one dose of Injections (MPA) was given to both treated groups; B and C. After 1, 2 and 3 months the animals were dissected and 2cc blood was obtained from the intracardiac puncture for the measurement of serum cholesterol level. Results: Serum cholesterol level showed significant rise in all treated groups B and C, when it was compared with control group A. Serum cholesterol level in control group A was 53.87 mg/dl ± 13.26, in treated group B was 52.50 mg/dl ± 8.29 and in group C was 66.75 mg/dl ± 8.81. When the two groups A and C were compared (p-value < 0.046) the significant increase in serum cholesterol level was observed in group B and C. Conclusion: Raised Serum Cholesterol level in this study may lead to cardiovascular problems like ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebro-vascular-accidents (CVA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to investigate the lexical choices used by The Washington Post and The New York Times to portray Pakistan in the editorials. It is based on critical discourse analysis of the newspapers' text to reveal hidden ideologies. The data was collected from 12th September 2001 to 31st December 2016. Total population of editorials of both the newspapers was 274, which were downloaded from Lexis Nexis data base. Fourteen sentences from the population were selected through multistage sampling technique. Fairclough's (1989, 1995) models were adopted to analyze the content by using an inductive approach. The results showed that both the newspapers use derogatory and offensive terms and phrases to portray Pakistan. It was concluded that media of such nature is a gigantic contributor in developing a negative global image of Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To demonstrate the volume changes that are produced by anthracycline Doxorubicin DOX on the testes of mice and designed to study volumetric changes in DOX affected testes with co-administration of antioxidant Vitamin C. Design: An experimental study. Setting: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences. Dow University of Health Sciences. Period: September 2011 to May 2012. Methods: Experimental study using thirty male mice of five weeks old were separated into 3 groups (A, B & C). Each group had ten mice and was treated with normal saline 1 ml intraperitoneal (IP) in group A, DOX alone (0.003 mg in 0.03ml /gm body weight IP for 3 doses on 6th, 8th and 10th day of study) in group B and DOX (0.003 mg in 0.03ml /gm body weight IP for 3 doses on 6th, 8th and 10th day of study) + Vitamin C (0.5 mg in 0.01ml/gm body weight per orumdaily) in group C. After completion of study, animals were sacrificed and the testes were kept in Bouin's fluid and volume was measured. Results: By using SPSSS version 16, statistical analysis was done, using ANOVA test to evaluate the significance of concerned parameter among different groups studied. The administration of DOX induced significant reduction (P <0.001) of volume of testes when compared to controls. However co-administration of Vitamin C with DOX significantly increase (P <0.001) the volume as compared to DOX group. Conclusion: This study suggested that the antioxidant Vitamin C has a significant role in ameliorating the damage of testes induced by DOX, showing improvement in the morphology and morphometry of testes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research is an attempt to explore the ideological representations of Pak-US relations in political cartoons published in Pakistani Urdu and English newspapers. Newspapers' linguistic and semiotic representations of Pak-Us relations are ideologically loaded and employed in the construction and deconstruction of the realities of post 9/11 scenario in a desired way. The research uses multimodal critical discourse approach (Machin, 2007) along with Van Leeuwen's framework for recontextualisation (2008) and Fairclough's (2003) framework for visual and linguistic analyses of the political cartoons to explore the hidden ideologies. The visual and linguistic analyses of the political cartoons pay careful attention to how discourses are chosen and then represented visually and linguistically to promote particular interests and ideologies that shape public perception of the reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-concept is best conceived as a system of attitudes towards oneself. It consists of all the personal aspects like learning, perceptions, feelings, attitudes, aspirations, adjustment and values of oneself concerning oneself which determine the academic and other successes of the individual in and out of the school. Self Confidence is the belief in one's own self. It relates to self-assurance in one's personal judgment, ability, power, etc. During adolescence, Self-confidence can vary in different environments, such as at home or in school and be observed in a variety of dimensions. This paper examines the Self Concept and Self Confidence of Christian and Non Christian adolescents, and investigate the gender differences in Self Concept and Self Confidence. The sample consisted of 120 adolescents (60 Christian & 60 nonchristian) from Ranchi District studying in class XII. The male and female (aged 16 to 18) were equally distributed among the samples. Self Concept Rating Scale and Self Confidence Inventory was used for measurement. The data obtained for the variables under study have been subjected to different statistical analysis such as mean, standard deviation (SD), Pearson's correlation and T-test, to understand the impact and relationship between the variables. The findings indicated that there were no significant differences with regard to the Self Concept of male and female and Christian and nonchristian adolescents. Significant Gender differences was found in Self Confidence score. The females had significantly higher level of Self Confidence in comparison to the males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper critically analyses the discourses of texts that account the post 9/11 scenario. It specifically examines the linguistic content that presents the reasons for Pakistan's participation in war on terror and policies adopted by President Musharraf to counter terrorism in post 9/11 scenario. The study emphasizes on the factors contextual, social and political from outside the 'text', that lead to take decision and the other factors within the text that particularly characterize the ideological context of the events. Using extracts from the selected books as data and using a qualitative content analytical approach, the study also draws on Wodak (2001) and Van Dijk (1998) concept of critical discourse analysis to manifest the ideological treatment of the text. The study reveals that the selected texts project Musharraf negatively and harshly criticize his decision of taking part in war on terror by carefully selecting emotionally stimulating vocabulary and expressions. The highly ideological texts are replete with the linguistic items that create a particular version of reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper critically examines the ideological representations of Pak-India relations in post 9/11 scenario with reference to political cartoons published in Pakistani Urdu and English newspapers. The linguistic and semiotic analyses contend that the discourse(s) of the political cartoons are ideologically loaded and are employed in the construction and deconstruction of the realities of post 9/11 scenario in a desired way. The research uses multimodal critical discourse approach (Machin, 2007) along with Van Leeuwen's framework for recontextualisation (2008) and Fairclough's (2003) framework for visual and linguistic analyses of the political cartoons to explore the hidden ideologies. The visual and linguistic analyses of the political cartoons pay careful attention to how discourses are chosen and then represented visually and linguistically to promote particular interests and ideologies that shape public perception of the reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The family is one of the primary groups of society concerned with face to face relationship. A child's earliest education is received in his family. It is here that his basic ideas, ideals as well as many attitudes towards himself and his associates are initiated which determine his later adjustment to school and other out of home situations. The economic status, attitudes and behavioural experiences of parents and family environment, all influence the child's behaviour and attitudes, both directly and indirectly. In a family the role of the mother in the development of the child is very vital. A child usually spends maximum time with its mother. It is, therefore, the mother alone who leaves a strong and a long lasting impact on the child and lays the foundation for its future development. She acts as a model and the way in which she is perceived by the child determines many of the behavioural choices the child will make later. The early warmth and affection of a mother is associated with calm, happy and cooperative behaviour of the child. She disciplines the child and guides it towards a career. A mother has more opportunities than the father to influence the child's growth and behaviour. To study the difference in the value of students (boy & girl) of working and non-working mothers. To study the difference of ego strength of students (boy & girl) of working and nonworking mothers. There exists significant difference in the value and ego strength of students of working and nonworking mothers. Comparison between Intermediate students of working mothers and of non-working mothers on all the variables under study i.e. values and ego strength. "Study of Values" Test developed by Dr. R.K. Ojha was used to collect data concerning six values viz. Theoretical, Economic, Aesthetic, Social, Political and Religious. Ego strength scale of Dr. Q. Hassan will be used to measure students ego strength. For the present study, statistical analysis of data: t-test and Descriptive Method is used. Because it is considered as one of the best method to describe the current status of the research work. The study comprises a sample of 60 Intermediate students students (30 of students of working mothers) and 30 students of non-working mothers) was selected from Higher Secondary School situated in Ranchi District. There is significant difference in the values and ego strength of students of working and non working women. There is no such significant differnce between boy and girl students on values and ego strength. Impact of mother's working status on her young children has always been a issue of debate. The studies conducted earlier with different variables have been showing mixed results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the effects of electromegnrtic radiations produced by cell phones, on number and diameter of seminoferous tubules in adult albino rats. Patients and Methods: This experimental comparative study was carried out at Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, (DUHS), Karachi, during the period from February, 2011 to October, 2011. For this study a total number of 70 adult albino rats were selected and divided in two groups A and B comprising 35 animals in each groups. Group-A served as control group whereas group-B received electromagnetic radiations emitted from conventional GSM (Global system for mobile communication) cellular phones for three hours daily for a maximum period of 110 days. Results: A highly significant decrease was observed in the number and diameter of seminiferous tubules. Conclusion: The results of this study shows that the exposure to electromagnetic radiations from cell phones produces histological and morphological effects on testis of adult albino rats resulting in decrease number and diameter of seminiferous tubules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: (1) To evaluate the risk of malignancy in surgically removed ovarian cysts that was before the operation neither simple nor complex. (2) To determine the relationship of age with type of ovarian tumour. (3) To categorize the management of these cases according to the intra-operative findings. (4) To analyze the occurrence of various histopathological types of tumour. Date Source: Medline Study Design: Single centered prospective descriptive study of 150 cases. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore from 1st July 2005 to,31st December 2006. Subject and method: 150 patients presented with adnexal cysts on preoperative ultrasonography, peroperative findings and histopathology reports. These patients were followed up in OPD. Results: Showed the distribution of non-neoplastic and neoplastic tumours which were 84% and 16% respectively. The occurrence of malignancy increased with advancing age especially after 45 years Common presentations were lower abdominal pain (53%) followed by menstrual disturbances (30%), abdominopelvic mass, abdominal distension and infertility. Risk of malignancy also increased with parity. 73% masses were unilateral, 84% benign masses were unilocular whilst 85% malignant masses were echogenic and the complex cysts with papillary projection and multiloculations showed 3-6 times higher risk of malignancy. Most patients were managed by exploratory laparotomy. Cystectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy were the commonest procedures performed. Regarding histopathologic evaluation 40% patients had tumours, 2.66% borderline malignancy and 13.3% malignant. 44% had non-neoplastic lesions. Serous and endometriotic cysts were the commonest benign histopathologic types and among malignant ones, epithelial ovarian tumours were the leading variants. Conclusions: Preoperative characterization of adnexal masses using sonographic and demographic data may have considerable potential in determining risk of malignancy and may be advantageous in terms of counseling patients for management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]