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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prevention does not only mean effective fight against the existing and well-recognized cardiovascular risk factors, but also against their complications, including micro- and macrovascular complications. Only then we might comprehensively reduce CVD burden and cardiovascular and cause-specific morbidity and mortality. In relation to obesity, prediabetes and especially diabetes, we recognize a number of potential dangerous non-cardiovascular complications, such as neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. The latter’s prevalence is even 30–40% and may appear in as many as 15% of patients with prediabetes. If not treated well it might result in the need for eye surgery or even vision loss. Fenofibrate has had a long history of evidence suggesting its preventive role in primary and especially secondary prevention of retinopathy, what has been investigated since the FIELD trial 19 years ago. Thus, given the obesity (the prevalence of 30% in Poland) and diabetes (10% which is predicted to be doubled in next 25 years) epidemic, we should look for the effective methods not only to optimize fasting blood glucose and haemoglobin A1C, but also atherogenic dyslipidaemia and their complications, including retinopathy. In this Position Paper by the Polish Lipid Association (PoLA) we have reviewed the current stage of knowledge on possible mechanisms by which fenofibrate may contribute to retinopathy prevention, available data on safety and efficacy, to finally recommend administering fenofibrate in prevention of this dangerous diabetic complication, which significantly affects quality of life and disability-adjusted life-years (DALY). This intervention – well-recognized and already in common use in diabetic patients – may significantly improve population health in Poland and worldwide.

Abstract: The superiority of total body irradiation (TBI)–based vs chemotherapy conditioning for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been established in the international, prospective phase-3 FORUM study, randomizing 417 patients aged 4-18 years in complete remission (CR), who received allo-HSCT from HLA-matched sibling or unrelated donors. Because of the unavailability of TBI in some regions and to accommodate individual contraindications, this study reports the prespecified comparison of outcomes of patients receiving busulfan (BU)– or treosulfan (TREO)–based regimens from 2013 to 2018. Overall, 180 and 128 patients received BU/thiotepa (THIO)/fludarabine (FLU) or TREO/THIO/FLU, respectively. Data were analyzed as of February 2023, with a median follow-up of 4.2 years (range, 0.3-9.1). 3-year overall survival was 0.71 (BU, 95% confidence interval [0.64-0.77]) and 0.72 (TREO, [0.63-0.79]) and 3-year event-free survival was 0.60 (BU, [0.53-0.67]) and 0.55 (TREO, [0.46-0.63]). The 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse (BU, 0.31 [0.25-0.38]; TREO, 0.36 [0.27-0.44]); and nonrelapse mortality (BU, 0.08 [0.05-0.13]; TREO, 0.09 [0.05-0.15]) were comparable. One case of fatal veno-occlusive disease occurred in each group. No significant differences in acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or 3-year GVHD-free and relapse-free survival (BU, 0.48 [0.41-0.55]; TREO, 0.45 [0.37-0.54]) were recorded. Outcomes for patients in first and second CR were similar irrespective of the regimen. In conclusion, BU/THIO/FLU or TREO/THIO/FLU regimens can be an alternative to TBI for patients with ALL aged >4 years with contraindications or lack of access to TBI. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT01949129.

Abstract Background High unmet need for treatment of mental disorders exists throughout the world. An understanding of barriers to treatment is needed to develop effective programs to address this problem. Methods Data on barriers were obtained from face-to-face interviews in 22 community surveys across 19 countries (n = 102,812 respondents aged ≥ 18 years, 57.7% female, median age [interquartile range]: 43 [31–57] years; 68.5% weighted average response rate) in the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. We focus on the n = 5,136 respondents with 12-month DSM-IV anxiety, mood, or substance use disorders with perceived need for treatment. The n = 2,444 such respondents who did not receive treatment were asked about barriers to receiving treatment, whereas the n = 926 respondents who received treatment with a delay were asked about barriers leading to delays. Consistent with previous research, we distinguished five broad classes of barriers: low perceived disorder severity, two types of barriers in the domain of predisposing factors (beliefs/attitudes about treatment ineffectiveness and stigma) and two types in the domain of enabling factors (financial and nonfinancial). Baseline predictors of receiving treatment found in a prior report (i.e., comparing the n = 2,692 respondents who received treatment with the n = 2,444 who did not) were examined as predictors of barriers, while barriers were examined as mediators of associations between these predictors and treatment. Results Most respondents reported multiple barriers. Barriers among respondents who did not receive treatment included low perceived severity (52.9%), perceived treatment ineffectiveness (44.8%), nonfinancial (40.2%) and financial (32.9%) barriers in the domain of enabling factors, and stigma (20.6%). Barriers causing delays in treatment had a similar rank-order but were reported by higher proportions of respondents (X2 1 = 3.8–199.8, p = 0.050−

Congested urban traffic substantially contributes to air pollution in cities. While waiting at bus stops, passengers may be exposed to increased contamination caused by vehicles, including particulate matter (PM). The modern bus stop layout, position and design ignore air quality and allow excessive exposure to pollution. Particulate matter seriously harms the environment, threatening human health and severely damaging all living organisms. The research purpose is to monitor particle emissions at the bus station in the city of Žilina (Slovakia), amassing data on exhaust emissions released from buses at the station premises. As moving or running-engine vehicles incessantly produce atmospheric emissions, we measure air quality during peak hours at the bus station. The results indicate a direct interconnection between passing vehicles and produced particle emissions, when multiple times higher emission levels are revealed. During the morning rush hour, the particulate matter exceeded 360% for PM2.5 and 420% for PM10. The research showed PM released directly from the buses tends to accumulate in covered premises of the bus station, severely damaging the health of passengers and staff. Our study warns about possible risks of deteriorating human health as waiting passengers unknowingly inhale contaminated particles. Our results indicate the largest emission producers and suggest remedial measures.

Accurate morphological and topological analysis of renal vascular trees is crucial for understanding vascular architecture, detecting patterns, and identifying pathological deviations. However, the complexity of renal vascular trees, particularly in corrosive endocasts, requires custom-designed algorithms to address unique challenges in reconstruction, segmentation, skeletonization, and graph-based representation. A key issue is the lack of a direct method to validate the correctness of these parameters in the absence of a ground truth prior to pattern analysis, with manual validation being infeasible due to the intricate nature of the renal vasculature. To address this challenge, we introduce a systematic validation framework utilizing artificially generated renal vascular models. We developed computational models using L-systems and fabricated them via 3D printing. These models were scanned using microcomputed tomography ( $\mu $ -CT), simulating the process for in vivo endocasts. We then applied the same computational pipeline to analyze the synthetic models, comparing the derived vascular parameters with the known geometries. Our results demonstrate that the computational methods can accurately replicate the morphology and topology of artificial models, with quantified validation showing high precision in the analysis. This approach provides a reliable methodology for validating vascular analysis algorithms, setting a benchmark for accurate morphological and topological assessments in complex vascular networks. It also highlights the value of synthetic models in verifying algorithm integrity, offering a solid foundation for future research on the analysis of complex anatomical structures.

The mechanical scarification of acorns, although requiring a significant investment of resources, is a process commonly used in container nurseries for seed preparation. Its aim is to increase the number of germinating seeds and to shorten and equalise the length of their germination period. Research results indicate that scarification also affects the production of seedlings with improved biometric parameters. However, there is limited information available on improving the structure of the root system, primarily due to the limited availability of image analysis systems for these plant parts. This study employed modern measurement methods using WinRhizo and WinFolia software (Regent Instruments Inc.; Version Pro, 2022) to comparatively analyse root system parameters, focusing mainly on their structure. The parameters of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) seedlings grown in polystyrene containers were compared with and without mechanical scarification, achieved by manually cutting off part of the acorn. After the end of the growing season, the parameters of all analysed seedlings (200 pieces) were determined, and a detailed analysis of the root system was performed on selected average individuals (64 pieces). Scarification resulted in an increase in the number of germinated seeds and grown seedlings, as well as an increase in the height and diameter of the root collar and a reduction in the variation of the obtained seedlings' parameters. Seedlings grown from scarified seeds were also characterised by a greater number of leaves with larger unit mass, which had smaller dimensions. The root system of seedlings grown from scarified seeds exhibited a higher average diameter and total volume of roots, as well as greater total length, surface area, and volume of fine roots, i.e. in the diameter range: 0.5

Abstract Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) constitutes 3–15% of all acute myocardial infarctions. Women are more frequently diagnosed with MINOCA, although the influence of sex on long-term outcomes is still unclear. In this study we aimed to compare sex-based differences in baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes in patients with suspected MINOCA. We have retrospectively analyzed 6063 patients diagnosed with MINOCA (3220 females and 2843 male patients) from combined 3 large polish registries (PL-ACS, SILCARD and AMI-PL). Male patients were significantly younger (63 (55–74) vs. 71 (61–79) years, p

Abstract This study aimed to examine potential changes in the anthropometric and motor characteristics of volleyball players aged 17.98 ± 0.51 years after participation in a week-long sports camp. Potential changes in anthropometric characteristics were determined by bioelectrical impedance, and the players’ motor characteristics were assessed in a reaction time test, grip strength test, 5 × 20 s interval test on a rowing ergometer, and vertical, approach and standing long jump tests. A decrease was observed in body fat mass (difference (Δ) of 1.0 kg, p = 0.015), percent body fat (Δ of 1.16%, p = 0.008), and the waist-to-hip ratio (Δ of 0.02, p = 0.001). An increase was noted in total body water (Δ of 1.0 L, p = 0.002), proteins (Δ of 0.33 kg, p = 0.001), minerals (Δ of 0.12 kg, p = 0.003), fat-free mass (Δ of 1.46 kg, p = 0.001), and skeletal muscle mass (Δ of 0.9 kg, p = 0.001). In the group of motor abilities, a significant increase was observed only in the grip strength of the left hand. In conclusion, week-long sport camps can significantly affect the body composition characteristics of young volleyball players, but they do not induce significant changes in motor abilities.

Abstract Background The current standard of care (SoC) for patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC) is chemo-immunotherapy. The efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) for chest consolidation has been established for patients with ED-SCLC who have responded to chemotherapy. There is a lack of data on incorporating RT as chest consolidation and metastasis-directed therapy for ED-SCLC. The RISE (Radiotherapy for Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer) study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different RT strategies for residual lesions for patients with ED-SCLC who receive chemo-immunotherapy. Methods A total of 165 patients with ED-SCLC will be recruited, with 55 patients assigned to each of the three study arms. Patients with stabilization or partial regression, according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, during chemo-immunotherapy will be included. • Arm I will serve as the control group, comprising patients who continue SoC of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed death-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy (durvalumab or atezolizumab) following platinum-based chemo-immunotherapy. • Arm II will receive the SoC with consolidative RT to the chest area and potentially, according to palliative indications to metastatic lesions, delivered in 30 Gy in 3-Gy fractions. • Arm III will receive SoC with RT of 45 Gy in 3-Gy fractions to the chest area and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with 24 Gy in 8-Gy fractions to the metastatic lesions. Blood samples for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) will be collected before RT, during each week of treatment, and at the time of disease progression. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS) based on RECIST 1.1 or patient death. 1. Secondary endpoints are OS, treatment toxicity (frequency of G3 toxicity according to CTCAE v.5.0), area of progression (primary tumor localization/new lesions), Overall response rate (ORR), and the response rate in non-irradiated lesions. Discussion The study population of patients with ED-SCLC has a poor prognosis. Dose-escalated chest RT and SBRT (for up to 10 metastases) administered with modern techniques offer the possibility to improve OS and PFS. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT06529081 (Registered 26th Jul 2024).

Abstract Background HuR/ELAV1, a ubiquitous RNA-binding protein, belongs to the RNA-binding protein family and is crucial for stabilizing and regulating the translation of various mRNA targets, influencing gene expression. Elevated HuR levels are associated with multiple disorders, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the identification of small molecule inhibitors targeting HuR, their detailed characterization remains limited. Recently, Eltrombopag, an FDA-approved drug for immune thrombocytopenic purpura and chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, emerged as a potential HuR inhibitor. However, the specific molecular pathways influenced by both HuR and Eltrombopag are not fully understood. Results Our study demonstrates that Eltrombopag operates via HuR inhibition, affecting gene expression regulation at the posttranscriptional level. We show that both HuR knockout and Eltrombopag treatment modulate iron metabolism by decreasing ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) and light chain (FTL) synthesis while increasing the expression of iron-regulatory protein 2 (IRP2), a key regulator of ferritin translation. Additionally, HuR inhibition reduces the levels of glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide (CGA), a marker associated with hormone-induced tumors, suggesting a potential use of Eltrombopag in treatment of cancers overexpressing CGA. We observed that the main of control is manifested at the level of translation inhibition, with proteasome-mediated regulation also playing an important role. Conclusions These findings uncover novel posttranscriptional mechanisms governed by HuR and its inhibitor, elucidating pathways relevant to HuR-mediated regulation and molecular therapies aimed at targeting this protein.

This work presents dynamic state writing by combining ferroelectric (FE) polarization together with charge injection (CI) on Si-based ferroelectric MOSFETs as a novel approach for non-volatile memory design. FE capacitors are non-destructively integrated in the Back-End-of-Line (BEOL) with Si MOSFETs to create FE-Metal-FETs (FeMFETs). We explore the FE/MOS area ratio (AR) as a critical design parameter, particularly in the context of dynamic writing processes, where various voltage pulse trains are applied for analog potentiation and depression of the memory state. AR significantly influences both the electric field distribution over the FE and the extent of CI from the top electrode. Constant-pulse writing schemes enable analog threshold voltage modulation by considering the AR, with reduced voltages and faster operation for smaller ARs. Retention of intermittent states written by FE polarization combined with CI is demonstrated, illustrating the stability and effectiveness of FeMFET devices and AR optimization for memory applications.

Abstract Kinetoplastids are a clade of eukaryotic protozoans that include human parasitic pathogens like trypanosomes and Leishmania species. In these organisms, protein-coding genes are transcribed as polycistronic pre-mRNAs, which need to be processed by the coupled action of trans-splicing and polyadenylation to yield monogenic mature mRNAs. During trans-splicing, a universal RNA sequence, the spliced leader RNA (SL RNA) mini-exon, is added to the 5’-end of each mRNA. The 5’-end of this mini-exon carries a hypermethylated cap structure and is bound by a trypanosomatid-specific cap-binding complex (CBC). The function of three of the kinetoplastid CBC subunits is unknown, but an essential role in cap-binding and trans-splicing has been suggested. Here, we report cryo-EM structures that reveal the molecular architecture of the Trypanosoma brucei CBC (TbCBC) complex. We find that TbCBC interacts with two distinct features of the SL RNA. The TbCBP20 subunit interacts with the m7G cap while TbCBP66 recognizes double-stranded portions of the SL RNA. Our findings pave the way for future research on mRNA maturation in kinetoplastids. Moreover, the observed structural similarities and differences between TbCBC and the mammalian cap-binding complex will be crucial for considering the potential of TbCBC as a target for anti-trypanosomatid drug development.

Abstract Microorganisms are present in snow/ice of the Antarctic Plateau, but their biogeography and metabolic state under extreme local conditions are poorly understood. Here, we show the diversity and distribution of microorganisms in air (1.5 m height) and snow/ice down to 4 m depth at three distant latitudes along a 2578 km transect on the East Antarctic Plateau on board an environmentally friendly, mobile platform. Results demonstrate the widespread distribution of microorganisms in the ice down to at least 4 m depth. Data point to geochemical and bacterial geographic distribution that correlate with wind trajectory and speed, modulated by local gathering and recirculation of microorganisms through snow drifting. Reservoir effects and community selection appear to occur over time, favoring microorganisms best adapted to hypothermal and hyperarid conditions. A new cyanobacterial species (Gloeocapsopsis sp) was isolated from 3 to 4 m depth. Our findings suggest that some microorganisms could exhibit transient, basal metabolic activity when associated to high salt particles, contributing to set biodiversity patterns and biogeographic compartmentalization on Antarctic Plateau ice.

Wśród wielu pojęć używanych w procesie nauczania wiedzy o społeczeństwie stosunkowo często na zajęciach pojawia się globalizacja – termin od dawna już znany i stosowany dla wyjaśnienia procesów społecznych, gospodarczych i politycznych zachodzących we współczesnym świecie. Obserwowane w ostatnich latach zmiany, takie jak skutki pandemii i konfliktów wojennych, rywalizacja bloku szeroko pojętego Zachodu z nowym blokiem BRICS, skłaniają nas do postawienia tytułowego pytania. W dydaktyce musimy uwzględnić pojęcie deglobalizacji, aby opisać nowe, silne tendencje separatystyczne/autarkiczne w wielu krajach świata. Zmiany, które zachodzą, wymuszają na nas zasadniczą refleksję na temat ich charakteru. Czy procesy deglobalizacji mają tylko incydentalny przebieg? Czy nadszedł już ten krytyczny moment, aby w szeroko pojętym procesie nauczania zwrócić uwagę na fakt, iż świat oparty na jednostronnej dominacji Zachodu w obszarze kultury, ekonomii, czy polityki ulega na naszych oczach głębokiej przemianie? Czy należy zmodyfikować w tym duchu podstawę programową, programy nauczania i środki dydaktyczne, jak np. podręczniki? Oto dylematy, przed którymi stają obecnie dydaktycy wiedzy o społeczeństwie.

Using ALS LiDAR DEM, we study the geomorphology and geoecology of fluvial islands in the channel of braided river, which was affected by summer drought. We analyze hydrological data: river stages from the adjacent gauging station with telemetric system. On the basis of DoD method, we analyze the dynamics of geomorphological processes in two periods: 2019 to 2020 and 2020 to 2022. Bank erosion is analyzed on the basis of difference between DTM. Bank erosion reduces the area of riverine islands. The difference of CHM reveals a process of succession of riparian vegetation (mostly the white willow–Salix alba L.) on sandbars. The riparian succession makes these landforms anchored by newly developed shrubs and trees, what induces accretion of sandbars. The sandbars therefore transform into riverine islands.

Abstract The study investigated the degradation of 3-methoxy-1-propanol (3M1P) by OH• using the M06-2X/6-311++G(d, p) level, with CCSD(T) single-point corrections. We focused on hydrogen atom abstraction from various alkyl groups within the molecule. The rate coefficient for 3M1P degradation was calculated from the sum of the rate coefficients corresponding to the removal of H-atoms from primary (–CH3), secondary (–CH2–), tertiary (–CH< ), and alcohol (–ΟH) groups. The primary attack by hydroxyl radicals occurs at the hydrogen atom bonded to carbon atoms adjacent to the oxygen atom in the ether group, leading to the formation of alkyl radicals. The computed overall rate constant is 1.85 × 10‒11 cm3 molecule‒1 sec‒1 at atmospheric pressure and room temperature, which is consistent with the experimental value of (2.15 ± 0.28)×10‒11 cm3 molecule‒1 sec‒1. This strong agreement confirms the reliability of the computational approach, which provides insights into the atmospheric reactivity and degradation pathways of 3M1P. The tropospheric lifetime of 3M1P is around 15 h, indicating rapid degradation in the atmosphere, potentially contributing to photochemical smog formation. The average ozone production from 3M1P emissions is ~ 2.1 ppb, with estimated photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) values of 44 and 43 for north-west European and USA-urban conditions, respectively. These values indicate a moderate risk of photochemical smog production and potential harm to human health and the environment due to 3M1P emissions. Successive pathways involve the addition of molecular oxygen to the energized adducts [3M1P]•, forming [3M1P–O2]• peroxy radicals, which primarily react with nitric oxide to produce nitrogen dioxide and the [3M1P–O]• alkoxy radicals. The major degradation products include methyl formate, 3-hydroxypropyl formate, glycolaldehyde, and 3-methoxypropanal.

Abstract Background Treponemal diseases are a significant global health risk, presenting challenges to public health and severe consequences to individuals if left untreated. Despite numerous genomic studies on Treponema pallidum and the known possible biases introduced by the choice of the reference genome used for mapping, few investigations have addressed how these biases affect phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of these bacteria. In this study, we ascertain the importance of selecting an appropriate genomic reference on phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of T. pallidum. Results We designed a multiple-reference-based (MRB) mapping strategy using four different reference genomes and compared it to traditional single-reference mapping. To conduct this comparison, we created a genomic dataset comprising 77 modern and ancient genomes from the three subspecies of T. pallidum, including a newly sequenced seventeenth century genome (35X mean coverage) of a syphilis-causing strain (designated as W86). Our findings show that recombination detection was consistent across different references, but the choice of reference significantly affected ancient genome reconstruction and phylogenetic inferences. The high-coverage W86 genome introduced in this study also provided a new calibration point for Bayesian molecular clock dating, improving the reconstruction of the evolutionary history of treponemal diseases. Additionally, we identified novel recombination events, positive selection targets, and refined dating estimates for key events in the species’ history. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of considering methodological implications and reference genome bias in high-throughput sequencing-based whole-genome analysis of T. pallidum, especially of ancient or low-coverage samples, contributing to a deeper understanding of the treponemal pathogen and its subspecies.

Aim: This article attempts to present issues related to surface subsidence in areas of closed and inactive coal and lignite mines. Land reclamation is the necessity of degrading the natural environment and restoring it to its original state. Introduction: Europe is giving up fossil fuels to reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. It is also a result of the embargo imposed on 24 February 2022 on the Russian Federation on coal exports to European Union countries. This results in the search for alternatives to fossil fuels in all sectors of the economy. The direction of the search is towards choosing "green energy", which, due to its potential wide application, is already being treated as an instrument of climate neutrality. Many EU countries have decided to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, which means reducing greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 95% compared to the baseline year of 1990. However, achieving climate neutrality will require eliminating emissions not only in the electricity sector, but also in other sectors. As a result of this process, further areas requiring action after the mines are closed will be created, especially in Upper Silesia. Reclamation of post-mining areas is a very difficult task because there is no universal method of planning reclamation. Many forms of environmental degradation have been observed during mining activities. Methodology: The article uses theoretical and practical research methods, including the analysis of a report on satellite methods, which was developed on the basis of data from satellite radar interferometry. The land surface movement system belongs to the group of products of the Copernicus program, which involves monitoring the land surface, and its implementation was commissioned by the European Environment Agency (EEA). Moreover, the article was based on publications by domestic and foreign authors, authorities in the field of environmental engineering. Conclusions: Methods for reducing the negative impact of mining on the environment have long been developed and improved at all stages of mining activity, from reconnaissance work to the closure of a mining plant. One of the ways to reduce the negative impact of mining on the world's environment is the recultivation of post-mining areas, thanks to which the areas transformed due to mining activities are restored to their utility or natural values. Keywords: post-mining areas, environmental degradation, reclamation, land regeneration

Aim: Safety air cushions play a key role in the Polish rescue system. The basic principles of operation of the jump cushion are based on controlled absorption of the kinetic energy of the human body falling from a great height. Thanks to the use of air layers and flexible energy-absorbing materials, the jump cushion is able to reduce the overload affecting the human body during contact with the shock-absorbing surface. The mechanism of impact overload during a fall involves a sudden deceleration and the accumulation of forces acting on the body, which creates a risk of injuries such as fractures, damage to internal organs or concussion. In order to ensure an optimal level of safety while minimising the risk of serious injuries to both rescuers and rescued people, it is important to understand the excessive deceleration mechanisms during a fall from a significant height. Safety air cushions are designed to slow the body down in a controlled manner by spreading kinetic energy over a larger surface area and for a longer period of time, which reduces the risk of serious injury. Typical g-forces on a well-designed air cushion are in the range of 5-10 g and exceeding them significantly increases the risk of injury. Methodology: series of experiments was conducted, where drop test manikins weighting 40 kg to 90 kg and equipped with accelerometers were thrown from height of 16 metres onto jump cushion targets. During these experiments, various jump cushions from different manufacturers with air-filled frames fed via air tanks were used. The data gathered together with video recordings of those tests were then thoroughly analysed. Conclusions: The research results established acceptable levels of g-force overload for the human body in specific boundary conditions. The data were confirmed consistent with the results accessible in the available literature and enabled the development of technical and operational requirements for safety cushions. The research emphasises the importance of refining the technical parameters of safety air cushions in order to ensure safety and minimise the risk of injuries during rescue operations. In the future, it may be necessary to conduct tests with a manikin of greater mass, which is dictated by the social tendency to gain weight, and to not limit falls to other places on the upper surface of the jump cushion, which may be significant for the magnitude of the overload occurring. Keywords: air cushion, jump cushion, biomechanical overload, air-filled frame, air cushions, impact (shock) absorption technologies

Abstract Introduction The main goal of this study was to describe the Czech population of patients with MG in terms of demographics, disease characteristics, management approaches, and treatment trends. Methods We selected all patients, both incident and prevalent, who were enrolled in the Czech MyReg registry between August 24, 2015 and November 19, 2021. For the descriptive analysis, all patients enrolled in the registry, regardless of their date of diagnosis or date of enrolment, were included. We analyzed the following disease-related endpoints: myasthenia gravis composite (MGC) score, forced vital capacity (FVC), and Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) clinical classification. Results The incidence showed a consistent increasing trend from 0.62 to 3.13. The mean MGC score was 5.0 (median 4.0, 95% CI 4.7, 5.3) representing mild form of MG. The difference in FVC from the predicted value in patients during and without myasthenic crisis was 58.93% (95% CI 37.27, 80.59) and 75.93% (95% CI 74.87, 77.00), respectively. We identified 70 patients (5.0%) with refractory MG, of whom 58.6% were female. The MGFA classifications in those with refractory vs. non-refractory disease was as follows: IIa 21.8% vs 23.2%, IIb 45.3% vs 33.6%, and IIIb 14.1% vs 4.6%, respectively. Conclusion Our analysis shows that the incidence of MG is increasing in the Czech Republic and that patients with refractory disease, of whom up to 58% are female, have a higher burden of disease than non-refractory patients.

Artykuł prezentuje różne aspekty polsko-pruskich stosunków handlowych w okresie między pierwszym a trzecim rozbiorem polsko-litewskiej Rzeczypospolitej (1772–1795). Traktat handlowy z 1775 r. i pruska polityka celna odgrywały kluczową rolę w kontaktach gospodarczych między Rzeczpospolitą a Królestwem Prus aż do śmierci Fryderyka II Wielkiego w 1786 r. Stosunki handlowe między oboma krajami w tym okresie okazały się niekorzystne dla obu stron. Negatywne aspekty pruskiej polityki celnej po 1775 r. stały się przedmiotem dyskusji w kręgach dworskich w Berlinie po śmierci Fryderyka II. Nowy król Prus, Fryderyk Wilhelm II, próbował na nowo ułożyć stosunki handlowe z Rzeczpospolitą zgodnie z zasadami wolnego handlu. Ułatwienia wprowadzone przez władze pruskie w 1788 r. na granicy Prus Wschodnich i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego doprowadziły do zwiększenia obrotów handlowych, zarazem jednak podwyższenie opłat celnych przez stronę litewską powodowało zwyżkę cen towarów importowanych do Prus. Wzrost obrotów handlowych i liczby kupców litewskich przybywających do Królewca sprzyjał utworzeniu w mieście polsko-litewskiego konsulatu, na czele którego w latach 1792–1794 stał Jerzy Wojna-Okołow. Nowy traktat handlowy między Rzeczpospolitą a Królestwem Prus został zawarty w kwietniu 1794 r., na początku insurekcji kościuszkowskiej, na krótko przed upadkiem dawnej Rzeczypospolitej. W części drugiej przedstawiono rozwój stosunków handlowych Rzeczypospolitej z Królestwem Prus w latach 1786–1795.

One new genus Gregorites Drohojowska & Szwedo with seven new species of whiteflies (Aleyrodidae) from Eocene amber collected in Denmark are described. All new taxa: Gregorites aegiri, G. bergelmiri, G. skadii, G. bestlae, G. thrymi, G. halogii, and G. ymiri are represents of the subfamily Aleurodicinae. The newly described genus appeared as highly diverse, with 7 new species, while remaining Paleogene Aleurodicinae are monospecific in vast majority. The key for identification of species of Aleurodicinae from Eocene Danish amber is provided. The morphological features of newly established taxa are discussed. A brief overview of the Aleyrodidae preserved in the Eocene fossil resins is presented, their taxonomic diversity and morphological disparity offered by the fossilised imagines are discussed. The importance of the fossil for phylogenetic, evolutionary and ecological studies is presented. Various factors influencing diversification and disparification of whiteflies at local and regional scales are discussed. The potential biases associated with the collection and preservation of specimens are briefly overviewed. Records of Aleyrodidae in the fossil resins of Eocene of Europe are discussed.

Abstract Rationale Knowledge about the clinical importance of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in severe asthma is limited. Objectives To assess whether and to what extent asthma exacerbations affect changes in PROMS over time and asthma-specific PROMs can predict exacerbations in adult patients with severe asthma in usual care. Methods Data of 421 patients with severe asthma (62% female; mean age 51.9 ± 13.4 years; mean FEV1 67.5 ± 21.3%pred) from the U-BIOPRED cohort were analyzed. The included PROMs were: Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ5); Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ); Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS); Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS); Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS); Sino-Nasal Outcomes Test (SNOT20). Participants were assessed at baseline and after 12–18 months of usual care. Results PROMs showed very weak to weak correlations with clinical characteristics such as age, body mass index, FEV1, FeNO and eosinophilic cell count. Patients presenting no exacerbations during follow-up showed a statistically significant improvement in all PROMs (except for MARS), whereas individuals experiencing > 2 exacerbations showed a deterioration. Baseline ACQ5 was a predictor of exacerbations with an AUC of 0.590 (95%CI 0.514–0.666). Conclusions The association of PROMs with clinical measures was poor in severe asthmatics. Moreover, PROMs were prone to changes in usual care, with exacerbations playing a key role. PROMs need to be systematically evaluated in severe asthma to improve clinical care based on specific patient’s needs.

The increasing number of cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) reported in recent years in Europe and, more recently, in Poland is a consequence of factors related to climate and environmental change leading to increasing tick populations and human behavior favoring exposure. In Poland, there is considerable regional variation in the incidence of TBE, resulting, among other factors, from underreporting of all cases and limited access to laboratory diagnostics. The consequence is low public awareness of the disease and insufficient use of vaccination as optimal prevention. The current system of surveillance for TBE in Poland needs to be improved: the introduction of standardised standards of clinical practice and wider access to laboratory. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(6):569–582

This paper presents a novel method for determining parameters and uncertainty bands of nonlinear functions fitted to data obtained from measurements. In this procedure, one or two new variables are implemented to linearize this function for using the linear regression method. The best parameters of the straight-line in new variables are adjusted to the transformed coordinates of tested points according to the weighted total mean square criterion WTLS, or WTLS-C of data points are also correlated. Uncertainties of measured points are found according to the rules of the GUM Guide. The parameters and the uncertainty band of the nonlinear function result from the parameters of this straight line and of its uncertainty band. A few examples determining the parameters and uncertainty bands of different types of nonlinear functions are presented. There are also examples of measurements using the presented method and conclusions.

The goal of this study is to meta-analyse the results of 146 primary research studies examining how three categories of corporate governance – ownership structure (OS), gatekeepers (G), and management characteristics (MC) – affect real earnings management (REM). The application of meta-regression (MRA), which is a method for combining and analysing data from multiple studies, makes it possible to link effect sizes from primary studies into a single summary effect and to explain the variability among these effect sizes. The mean values of the partial correlation coefficients between corporate governance categories and REM are not statistically significant. However, the results of heterogeneity analysis show that family ownership and insider shareholding can be positively associated with REM. The analyst coverage seems to have a mitigating effect on REM, while external auditor quality does not. The study identifies several moderator variables that explain some of the structural and methodological heterogeneity in empirical results. The results on REM utilisation support the opportunistic view rooted in agency theory. The findings obtained confirm the need for further operationalisation of variables and an expanded analysis of various components of corporate governance.

Abstract Highly porous, self-supported 3D interconnected network-based nanomaterials hold immense promise in revolutionizing the field of catalysis. These materials combine two critical features; a large accessible surface and an overall active surface that leads to substantial catalytic effects. In this study, we developed a novel class of 3D composite material composed of zinc oxide tetrapods (ZOT) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer, specifically designed for photocatalysis. A polymer composite of ZOT with PEG has been synthesized with 2.5 wt.% ZOT powder mixed with a PEG solution forming a 3D electrode. A consistent composite solution was obtained using probe-sonication and its thick layers were deposited on various substrates using the spin coating technique which were subsequently characterized for optical, morphological, and structural properties. The catalytic response of the fabricated 3D composite was evaluated both in solution and thin film forms under UV exposure. The surface-engineered ZOT-PEG composites showed an excellent capability to degrade the methylene blue (MB) dye in different forms under UV and normal light, opening their potential scopes in environmental remediation.

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of soil fertilising biopreparations, i.e. compost extract, vermicompost extract and humus extract, used against the background of NPK mineral fertilisation, on the content of manganese, iron, zinc and copper in the biomass of Lolium perenne, Festulolium braunii, and Dactylis glomerata. In the spring of 2019 and 2020, a single dose of the biological preparation was applied. During each vegetation period, the plants were mown three times. During mowing, fresh plant mass was taken from each plot, dried, ground and the content of Cu, Zc, Mn and Fe was determined using the ICP-AES method. The use of a biological preparation with the composition of an extract from compost significantly increased the content of Mn, Fe and Zn in the dry mass of the tested grass species. The grass species that accumulated the highest total content of microelements in its above-ground parts was Lolium perenne. The use of only biological preparations in the cultivation of the analysed grass species gave better production effects, for example in the form of a higher concentration of microelements in the dry mass of plants compared to objects fed only with minerals. This creates the possibility of using the tested biopreparations in organic farms. The Fe:Mn ionic ratio was too wide in relation to the standards on all experimental objects, which resulted from the excess of Fe in the plants. Only the combination of compost extract with mineral fertilisation narrowed the above relationship, but it was still too high.

Abstract The application of unattended blood pressure measurement (uAOBPM) for resting heart rate (RHR) assessment is unknown. To assess the agreement between RHR measured during uAOBPM and other methods, the authors conducted a comparability study with office blood pressure measurement (OBPM), ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), and electrocardiogram (ECG) in a group of 110 participants referred for ABPM. RHR measured with uAOBPM (70.8 ± 12.5 bpm) was significantly lower than OBPM (72.8 ± 12.6 bpm) but higher than measured by 24 h ABPM (67.5 ± 10.2 bpm). There was no significant difference was found between RHR measured by uAOBPM and daytime ABPM (70.3 ± 11.2 bpm) or ECG (69.1 ± 11.6 bpm). Using Bland‐Altman statistics, the authors discovered a small difference in agreement between RHR measured by uAOBPM and daytime ABPM (bias: 0.4 with 95% confidence interval: ‐0.8 to 1.6 bpm), with a poorer agreement with OBPM (bias ‐2 with 95% confidence interval: ‐2.8 to ‐1.3 bpm) and ECG (bias 1.6 with 95% confidence interval: 0.5 to 2.7 bpm). The authors found significant agreement between uAOBPM and ECG in identifying subjects with RHR > 80 bpm OBPM, with Cohen's kappa coefficients of 0.783 and 0.671, respectively. Their findings indicate that RHR measured with uAOBPM remains in acceptable agreement with OBPM, ABPM, and ECG, the best agreement obtained with RHR from daytime ABPM.

Abstract Aims A paucity of studies addressed sex‐related differences in clinical outcomes in the long term following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In these patients, it remains uncertain whether heart failure (HF) might exert a differential impact on the prognosis in the long term. Methods We queried a large‐scale database of ACS patients undergoing PCI. The primary endpoint was new‐onset HF. Secondary endpoints included mortality, myocardial infarction, re‐PCI and ischaemic stroke. Propensity score matching was generated to balance group characteristics. A total of 3334 patients after propensity score matching were analysed. Follow‐up was assessed at the 5 year term. Results At 5 year follow‐up, HF risk increased significantly in males versus females {17.9% vs. 14.8%, hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.22 [1.03–1.44], P = 0.02}. At 5 year follow‐up, mortality was significantly higher in the male cohort as compared with the female cohort [HR (95% CI) = 1.23 (1.02–1.47), P = 0.02]. On landmark analysis, differences in mortality emerged after the first year and were maintained thereafter. Ischaemic outcomes were comparable between cohorts. Conclusions Following ACS, males experienced a greater long‐term risk of developing new‐onset HF as compared with females. This difference remained consistent across all prespecified subgroups. Mortality was significantly higher in males. No differences were observed in ischaemic outcomes. New‐onset HF emerges as a primary contributor to long‐term gender disparities after ACS and a strong predictor of mortality in men with HF.

Abstract The titanium-bearing (up to 3.31 wt% TiO2) hydrous andradite [Ca2.98Na(0.02)K(0.01)Fe2+ (0.01)]Σ=3.02[Fe3 + 1.25Al0.45Ti0.15Fe2+ 0.07Mg0.04V3+ 0.01Mn2+ 0.01]Σ=2.98Si2.43O9.72(OH)2.28 was identified within intensely altered and weathered pyroclastic rocks in the Sierra de Bahoruco region in the Dominican Republic. It forms small isolated euhedral crystals, infillings of fissures and fractures, and large polycrystalline aggregates, in close paragenesis with clinochlore and calcite. Other phases present in the secondary assemblage, formed as a result of hydrothermal and/or supergenic processes, include prehnite, pumpellyite, and natrolite. The formation of this secondary assemblage was a result of metasomatism under low temperature zeolite facies conditions. The formation of hydrous garnet required high-pH aqueous fluids enriched in Ca and Fe. The Ca needed for garnet crystallization might have derived from primary calcic plagioclases, diopside, and Eocene-Miocene limestones overlying the Cretaceous magmatic complex. Geothermometry on coexisting chlorite revealed that the metasomatic hydrous andradite was formed under low-temperature conditions (∼160 °C). Iron and Ti oxidation states in the andradite indicate that its formation occurred under relatively oxidizing conditions. The hydrous titanian garnet represents one of the latest phases of the pervasive calcium metasomatic event in the Sierra de Bahoruco area.

Biomedical imaging techniques such as high content screening (HCS) are valuable for drug discovery, but high costs limit their use to pharmaceutical companies. To address this issue, The JUMP-CP consortium released a massive open image dataset of chemical and genetic perturbations, providing a valuable resource for deep learning research. In this work, we aim to utilize the JUMP-CP dataset to develop a universal representation model for HCS data, mainly data generated using U2OS cells and CellPainting protocol, using supervised and self-supervised learning approaches. We propose an evaluation protocol that assesses their performance on mode of action and property prediction tasks using a popular phenotypic screening dataset. Results show that the self-supervised approach that uses data from multiple consortium partners provides representation that is more robust to batch effects whilst simultaneously achieving performance on par with standard approaches. Together with other conclusions, it provides recommendations on the training strategy of a representation model for HCS images.

Abstract Eucoleus aerophilus is the causative agent of respiratory capillariosis in wild and domestic carnivores and has sporadically affected humans. To date, this parasite has been detected in 38 countries, confirming its worldwide distribution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of E. aerophilus in red fox populations from Central Europe and to describe the sequence variations in the partial cox1 gene of this parasite recovered from stool samples. An investigation was carried out using 342 samples of red foxes faeces investigated via seminested PCR and coproscopy. PCR results confirmed the presence of E. aerophilus DNA in 230 samples and E. boehmi DNA in 14 samples. Molecular analysis of the retrieved sequences revealed 22 haplotypes of E. aerophilus, EaPL1–EaPL22, and 4 haplotypes of E. boehmi, EbPL1–EbPL4. Coproscopic examination revealed that eggs of the Capillariidae family were most prevalent in all regions, with a mean prevalence of 73%. Furthermore, the following eggs were detected: Taeniidae (21.3%), Toxocara spp. (26.3%), Toxascaris leonina (5.3%), Trichuris vulpis (1.5%), trematodes (23.4%), hookworms (2.3%) and Mesocestoides spp. (1.8%). This study evaluated the prevalence of E. aerophilus in red fox populations in selected regions of Poland. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular study on E. aerophilus in Poland.

Background Cardiovascular diseases are one of the major limitations in the evaluation of potential kidney transplantation. The study aimed to assess cardiovascular status, including cardiovascular risk factors in waitlisted hemodialyzed patients.Material and methods From the population of 5,068 hemodialyzed patients (60% men), we included 449 waitlisted and 4,619 not considered for potential kidney transplantation. We assessed demographic data, basal biochemical data, and cardiovascular disease prevalence.Results Waitlisted patients (262 males) were significantly younger when compared to non-listed patients (2,718 males); 53.2 ± 14.2 vs. 67.2 ± 3.3 years (p

This article summarizes the research conducted between 2019 and 2022 by a Jagiellonian University (JU) team at three important sites in southern Jordan: Umm Tuweyrat, Wadi Quseir/Huseiniya, and Wadi Faynan 731. The data gathered provide new perspectives on population groups inhabiting the southern part of modern Jordan during Late Prehistory and give insights provoking reconsiderations of previous assumptions. The excavated sites offer new vantage points on the human presence in this area, illustrating the everyday life of these communities and elements of their spiritual culture, as well as their intriguing relationships with the surrounding landscape. The Umm Tuweyrat site is a dolmen field shedding light on spirituality and family traditions. A recent analysis preliminarily dates these structures within the Bronze Age. The other two sites represent settlement and farming traditions and are preliminarily dated to the transition period between the Chalcolithic and the Early Bronze Age.

Previous reviews have investigated machine learning (ML) models used to predict the risk of developing preeclampsia. However, they have not addressed the intended deployment of these models throughout pregnancy, nor have they detailed feature performance. This study aims to provide an overview of existing ML models and their intended deployment patterns and performance, along with identified features of high importance. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. The search was performed in January and February 2024. It included all papers published before March 2024 obtained from the scientific databases: PubMed, Engineering Village, the Association for Computing Machinery, Scopus, and Web of Science. Of a total of 198 identified studies, 18 met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 11 showed the intent to use the ML model as a single-use tool, two intended a dual-use, and two intended multiple-use. Ten studies listed the features of the highest importance, with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and hypertension frequently mentioned as critical predictors. Notably, three of the four studies proposing dual or multiple-use models were conducted in 2023 and 2024, while the remaining study is from 2009. No single ML model emerged as superior across the subgroups of PE. Incorporating body mass index alongside hypertension and either mean arterial pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or systolic blood pressure as features may enhance performance. The deployment patterns mainly focused on single use during gestational weeks 11+0 to 14+1.

The aim of the study was to improve the habitat conditions in the initial development of a grass-legume mixture sown in the reconstructed river embankments along the Uszwica River in Kwików and the Vistula River in Kraków, Poland. For this purpose, after sowing the seeds, NPK fertilisation was used, along with the application of a hydrogel to limit the evaporation of water from the soil. Additionally, a non-woven fabric was used to cover the soil. The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, polymeric and five biodegradable non-woven fabrics were evaluated in laboratory conditions for their water absorption and retention capabilities. After this assessment, two biodegradable and one polymeric non-woven fabrics were selected for the second stage of field research. A grass- legume mixture consisting of five species of seeds: Lolium perenne L., Poa pratensis L., Festuca rubra L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Trifolium repens L. was used for sowing the embankments. This study takes into account the concept of green economy aimed at addressing the challenges of securing difficult terrains, such as river embankments. The non-woven fabrics used to cover the soil had a positive effect on the initial development of plants, accelerating their emergence, and the degree of soil coverage. After two months post-sowing, the soil surface coverage under the non-woven fabrics was 50% higher compared to areas without such coverage. However, the type of non-woven fabrics and the hydrogel used did not have a significant impact on the initial development of seedlings.

Abstract Introduction Data on generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) in Poland are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics of Polish patients with GPP. In addition, the effect of the frequency of disease flares and the concomitant presence of psoriasis vulgaris (PV) on patient characteristics was evaluated. Methods In this retrospective study, medical records of patients hospitalized for GPP in dermatology departments of the Polish Generalized Pustular Psoriasis Group were analyzed. Results A total of 90 patients from 14 dermatology centers were included. The median age of patients was 59 (range, 5–85) years, and most patients were female (68.9%). The most common comorbidity was hypertension (43.3%), followed by cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. The median duration of GPP was 3 years, and the median number of flares was 2. Hospitalization was required in 67% of flares. The main triggering factors were drugs (20.5%) and infections (19.3%). Women and men with GPP differed in terms of age (p

Abstract Gliomas are the predominant cause of cancer-related deaths among the young population. Even after incorporation of IDH1/2 mutations and 1p19q codeletion there are doubts regarding adjuvant treatment in WHO G2/G3 gliomas. miRNA molecules control about 30% of all genes, also many oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and genes responsible for the response to ionizing radiation and systemic treatment. Patients with brain gliomas exhibit miRNA disorders. We aimed to evaluate the expression of miR-200 family members in relation to selected clinico-pathological factors and their prognostic value. We enrolled 53 patients diagnosed with WHO G2/G3 brain gliomas treated between 2012–2016. RT-qPCR based expression of miR-200 family was assessed in tumor and surrounding non-cancerous tissue. An analysis of selected clinico-pathological features was carried out. A logistic regression model was prepared for the miRNA signature. The predictive potential of the signature was assessed using the ROC curve. A stepwise backward regression model was used to select variables with a significant predictive potential related to OS. It was shown that miR-200a-3p, miR-200a-5p, miR-200c-5p, miR-141-3p and miR-429 can be independent predictors of survival. Better 2- and 5-year OS was associated with higher expression of miR-200a-3p, miR141-3p and lower expression of miR-200a-5p, miR-200c-5p, miR-429. The strongest predictors of survival were miR-200a-5p, miR-200b-3p, miR-200c-5p, miR-141-3p, miR-429, tumor volume and CTV. Members of the miR-200 family exhibit prognostic value for 2- and 5-year OS. Presented predictive models of survival may be clinically useful for treatment optimization.

Abstract Discovery of new types of reactions is essential to organic chemistry because it expands the scope of accessible molecular scaffolds and can enable more economical syntheses of existing structures. In this context, the so-called multicomponent reactions, MCRs, are of particular interest because they can build complex scaffolds from multiple starting materials in just one step, without purification of intermediates. However, for over a century of active research, MCRs have been discovered rather than designed, and their number remains limited to only several hundred. This work demonstrates that computers taught the essential knowledge of reaction mechanisms and rules of physical-organic chemistry can design – completely autonomously and in large numbers – mechanistically distinct MCRs. Moreover, when supplemented by models to approximate kinetic rates, the algorithm can predict reaction yields and identify reactions that have potential for organocatalysis. These predictions are validated by experiments spanning different modes of reactivity and diverse product scaffolds.

The paper presents and discusses the results of simulation of the current-voltage characteristics of an avalanche photodiode carried out in the SPICE program. The simulations take into account the influence of the directed energy of the electromagnetic field used in modern DEW (Directed-Energy Weapon), in the form of laser optical radiation and HPM (High Power Microwave) radiation, on the characteristics of the photodiode. The calculations were made using the model of the considered diode developed by the authors.

Underwater acoustic communications (UAC) in shallow water applications is a very difficult task. This task becomes even more difficult when there is a need to ensure reliable communication with an object buried in bottom sediments. The article presents a simulation of an acoustic transmission channel in conditions of strong multi-path propagation to an object buried in bottom sediments. The impulse response method was used, supported by a technique derived from the ray tracing image source method. Simulation results are presented for both narrowband and broadband signals with LFM frequency modulation. Based on the simulation, the conditions that should be met by the transmission signals to ensure correct communication were determined. Examples of data transmission to an object buried in bottom sediments in a simulated shallow channel with multi-path propagation were also presented.

Abstract Background 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a cornerstone in treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and is usually combined with leucovorin (LV) to enhance the antitumour effect by increase thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition, the key target enzyme for 5-FU. Arfolitixorin (Arfo) is an active form of the reduced folate, [6 R]-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate ([6 R]-MeTHF and in contrast to LV, does not need to be metabolized. The Modelle-001 was designed to explore whether a single intravenous bolus injection of Arfo as compared to LV, together with 5-FU increases the inhibition of TS, levels of folate concentrations and polyglutamylation in CRC liver metastases (CRLM) and liver parenchyma. Patients and methods Thirty patients with CRLM received either LV (60 mg/m2) or Arfo (30 mg/m2 or 120 mg/m2) in combination with 5-FU preoperatively. Levels of folates and and TS inhibition were measured. Results Significantly higher MeTHF levels and higher TS inhibition were measured in the Arfo groups compared to LV60, and there was a difference in folate poly-glutamylation between the groups. Conclusion The Modelle-001 Trial demonstrated significantly higher levels of MeTHF in metastases following Arfo compared to LV. This resulted in a greater increase TS inhibition in metastases although not statistically significant.

Abstract Reconstructing hydrological conditions of past warm periods, such as the Eocene ‘hot house’ provides empirical data to compare to state of the art climate models. However, reconstructing these changes in deep time is challenging, for example, given the complex interplay between evapotranspiration, precipitation and runoff. As a proxy for past changes in these hydrological systems, the dynamics of fresh water input into marginal seas can be used to identify the spatiotemporal distribution of riverine runoff. Elemental barium (Ba) and radiogenic strontium (87Sr) are, depending on the amount of runoff and the background geology of the catchment area, typically enriched in river waters in comparison to seawater and can thus be utilized to determine changes in riverine fresh water discharge. Here, we use barium to calcium ratios (Ba/Ca) and radiogenic strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) measured in fossil bivalve shells to reconstruct patterns of fresh water input into the paleo North Sea during the early to middle Eocene. Our reconstruction shows the potential of Ba/Ca and 87Sr/86Sr to serve as proxies for riverine runoff and highlights the spatiotemporal complexity of Eocene hydrological conditions in western Europe. In particular, our results enable changes in riverine input along geological to perennial time scales for different coastal regions to be determined, revealing a steady influx of fresh water, but with distinct spatiotemporal differences.

Abstract Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common cause of fever in children. They often manifest with non-specific symptoms. New markers assessed in non-invasively collected urine are needed for quick and reliable diagnosis. This study evaluates the usefulness of calprotectin and YKL-40 in the diagnosis of febrile UTIs among children. 67 children aged between 1 month and 2 years took part in the study. The study group (group UTI) consisted of children with the first episode of febrile UTI (n = 20). Two control groups were created: group F - febrile children with other than UTI cause of the fever (n = 36), group H - healthy children (n = 11). Concentrations of calprotectin and YKL-40 in urine samples were determined with the use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA). In the UTI group, the average calprotectin concentration was 1273.3 ng/ml, which was significantly higher than in group F (35.4 ng/ml) and in group H (8.0 ng/ml) (p