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Studies of pesticide residues on strawberries were conducted in 1957, 1958, 1959, and 1960. It was demonstrated that the berry caps will contain from 28% to 60% of the residue on harvested strawberries. Studies of seven chlorinated hydrocarbons, nine phosphate insecticides, a carbamate insecticide, and four fungicides showed, with only two exceptions, that sprays applied 24 hours before sampling did not leave residues in excess of established tolerances. Thiodan® (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-l,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexa-hydro-6-9 methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide) applied 24 hours before harvest left residues in excess of the tolerance of 2.0 p.p.m.; also, demeton in more than two spray applications, the last applied within 14 days of harvest, left residues in excess of the 0.75 p.p.m. tolerance. Variation of the spray pressure from 30 to 200 p.s.i. did not have an appreciable effect on residue deposits. more...

The effects of soil insecticides on newly set Tennessee Beauty strawberries were tested. The results of two-years' work indicated that under conditions of low infestation of the soil-insect complex the treatments generally increased runner length and number of runners. Dieldrin and beptachlor were outstanding. Tests to control tetranychid mites showed that demeton and phorate maintained good control. Thiodan® (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6, 9-methano-2,4,8-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide) was outstanding for control of the meadow spittlebug philaenus spumarius (L.)) in all tests. There is a possibility that Thiodan may have a detrimental effect on harvest yield of Pocahontas strawberries if it is applied at an early stage of growth. Dyrene® (2,4-dichloro-6-o-chloroanilino- s -triazine), thiram, and captan were effective in control of fruit rots, Botrytis spp. Dodine and Dyrene showed slight phytotoxic effects on foliage injured by mite feeding. more...

Studies were conducted on aldrin and dieldrin residue in soil, water, and crawfish ( Procambarus clarrkii (Girard)) from rice paddies. Samples of a Midland silt loam soil taken on the drill row from plots planted with rice seed (100 pounds per acre) treated with 0.25 pounds aldrin per 100 pounds of seed showed residues of both aldrin dieldrin. Samples taken 1 month after planting had of aldrin in samples taken on the drill row and 2.5 inches from it, but none in samples taken 5 inches from the drill row. At later sampling times no difference noted in aldrin residue at either the 2.5 or the 5 inches sites in check or treated plots. A preexisting dieldrin residue of 300–500 parts per billion (ppb) was found in all plots. No measurable difference in dieldrin levels was found at any site caused by conversion of aldrin to residues decreased at slower rates under these flooded conditions than have been reported for soils exposed to air. Pesticide residues in water from paddies planted with rice seed (100 pounds per acre) treated with aldrin at rates of 0.25 and 0.5 pounds per 100 pounds of seed showed a positive correlation with treatment rate in drill planted but not with water-planted seed. Dieldrin residues dues averaged 0.18 ppb for water-planted rice and 0.28 ppb for drill-planted rice. The dieldrin residues are attributed to a 1.1 ppb aldrin and 850 ppb dieldrin residue present in soils prior to planting. Crawfish reared in paddies planted with treated or non-treated seed and on soil containing up to 200 ppb aldrin and 500 ppb dieldrin were found to contain residues of aldrin, dieldrin, and DDE (I, 1-dichloro-2,2-bis ( P -chlorophenyl) ethylene). more...

Field studied of supractice® ( O, O -dimethyl phosphoro-dithioate S -ester with 4-(mercaptomethyl)-2-methoxy∆3-1,3,4-thaiadiazolin-5-one) and carbofuran residence in alfalfa showed that Supracide persisited on green alfalfa for 21 days after treatment. Carbofuran residues were not found 14 days after treatment. Dechydration of alfalfa reduced the Supracide residue by 50–60% and the carbofuran residues by 65%. more...

The present broad concern about pesticide residues in agricultural soils stimulated interest in the probability of gross contamination of some urban soils. In agricultural areas insecticide applications to soil are made, in most instances, according to recommendations of qualified extension agriculturists. In contrast, when urban soils are treated for control of pests, such applications are often made by inexperienced users and may involve a wide variety and range of dosages of materials. The study reported here was made to determine the magnitude and distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in soils of a typical city, Battle Creek, Michigan. During the fall of 1963, turf and cultivated soil samples were collected from the city (about 8 samples from each square mile). These samples were analyzed for residues of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. more...

Tests were conducted to determine the value of spraying tree trunks and ground debris for the control of cocooning larvae of the codling moth ( Carpocapsa pomonella (L.)). High percentages of the larvae were killed with parathion (15 WP), Guthion (15 WP), and Diazinon (25 WP) sprays at 2 pounds per 100 gallons. Sevin was less effective and endrin was ineffective. more...

The insecticide 1-bromochlordene (1-bromo-4,5,6,7,8,8-hexachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindene) showed some promise in field screening tests against European corn borer, Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubner). In developing residue data, a study was undertaken to show the rate of loss from treated corn plants in field plots. Since 1-bromochlordene is closely related to heptachlor which forms an epoxide, the presence of a similar metabolite was considered possible and therefore investigated. Because no method had previously appeared in the chemical literature for the quantitative detection of this compound or its epoxide (l-bromo-4,5,6,7,8,8-hexachloro-2,3-epoxy-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindan), methods of analysis had to be established. more...