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2. 10 Must Knows from Biodiversity Science 2024

Author

Thonicke, K., Rahner, E., Arneth, A., Bonn, Aletta, Borchard, N., Chaudhary, A., Darbi, Marianne, Dutta, T., Eberle, U., Eisenhauer, N., Farwig, N., Flocco, C.G., Freitag, J., Grobe, P., Grosch, R., Grossart, H.-P., Grosse, A., Grützmacher, K., Hagemann, Nina, Hansjürgens, Bernd, Hartman Scholz, A., Hassenrück, C., Häuser, C., Hickler, T., Hölker, F., Jacob, U., Jähnig, S.C., Jürgens, K., Kramer-Schadt, S., Kretsch, C., Krug, C., Lakner, S., Lindner, J.P., Loft, L., Mann, C., Matzdorf, B., Mehring, M., Meier, R., Meusemann, K., Müller, D., Nieberg, M., Overmann, J., Peters, R.S., Pörtner, L., Pradhan, P., Prochnow, A., Rduch, V., Reyer, C., Roos, C., Scherber, C., Scheunemann, N., Schroer, S., Schuck, A., Sioen, G.B., Sommer, S., Sommerwerk, N., Tanneberger, F., Tockner, K., van der Voort, H., Veenstra, T., Verburg, P., Voss, M., Warner, B., Wende, W., Wesche, K., Thonicke, K., Rahner, E., Arneth, A., Bonn, Aletta, Borchard, N., Chaudhary, A., Darbi, Marianne, Dutta, T., Eberle, U., Eisenhauer, N., Farwig, N., Flocco, C.G., Freitag, J., Grobe, P., Grosch, R., Grossart, H.-P., Grosse, A., Grützmacher, K., Hagemann, Nina, Hansjürgens, Bernd, Hartman Scholz, A., Hassenrück, C., Häuser, C., Hickler, T., Hölker, F., Jacob, U., Jähnig, S.C., Jürgens, K., Kramer-Schadt, S., Kretsch, C., Krug, C., Lakner, S., Lindner, J.P., Loft, L., Mann, C., Matzdorf, B., Mehring, M., Meier, R., Meusemann, K., Müller, D., Nieberg, M., Overmann, J., Peters, R.S., Pörtner, L., Pradhan, P., Prochnow, A., Rduch, V., Reyer, C., Roos, C., Scherber, C., Scheunemann, N., Schroer, S., Schuck, A., Sioen, G.B., Sommer, S., Sommerwerk, N., Tanneberger, F., Tockner, K., van der Voort, H., Veenstra, T., Verburg, P., Voss, M., Warner, B., Wende, W., and Wesche, K.

Abstract

"There are no scientifically justified obstacles to protecting biodiversity in all its beauty and diversity. There are only six years left to achieve the biodiversity targets by 2030. We must work together now to get there in time."In the 10 Must Knows from Biodiversity Science 2024, 64 scientists have further developed their well-founded and diverse findings and recommendations from the 10MustKnows22. The content of the ten selected key areas of the Earth-human system is supplemented by relevant publications from 2022 and 2023 and linked to the 23 global goals of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) adopted in December 2022. The authors are aware that the next six years until 2030 are essential for achieving an ecologically sustainable and socially just life on our planet in the medium and long term. With the 10MustKnows24, they want to actively contribute to accelerating the socio-ecological transformation by providing scientifically sound recommendations for politics and society.These are the 10MustKnows24: 1: Achieving climate and biodiversity protection together 2: Enabling a healthy life on a healthy planet 3: Considering undiscovered biodiversity 4: Linking linguistic, cultural and biological diversity 5: Harmonising the diverse use of forest ecosystems and biodiversity conservation 6: Transforming agricultural and food systems 7: Protecting land and resources 8: Releasing transformative change through international collaboration and Education for Sustainable Development 9: Ensuring free access and open use of biodiversity-related data 10: Reducing biodiversity impacts from food consumption

Published
2024

3. 10 Must Knows aus der Biodiversitätsforschung 2024

Author

Thonicke, K., Rahner, E., Arneth, A., Bonn, Aletta, Borchard, N., Chaudhary, A., Darbi, Marianne, Dutta, T., Eberle, U., Eisenhauer, N., Farwig, N., Flocco, C.G., Freitag, J., Grobe, P., Grosch, R., Grossart, H.-P., Grosse, A., Grützmacher, K., Hagemann, Nina, Hansjürgens, Bernd, Hartman Scholz, A., Hassenrück, C., Häuser, C., Hickler, T., Hölker, F., Jacob, U., Jähnig, S.C., Jürgens, K., Kramer-Schadt, S., Kretsch, C., Krug, C., Lakner, S., Lindner, J.P., Loft, L., Mann, C., Matzdorf, B., Mehring, M., Meier, R., Meusemann, K., Müller, D., Nieberg, M., Overmann, J., Peters, R.S., Pörtner, L., Pradhan, P., Prochnow, A., Rduch, V., Reyer, C., Roos, C., Scherber, C., Scheunemann, N., Schroer, S., Schuck, A., Sioen, G.B., Sommer, S., Sommerwerk, N., Tanneberger, F., Tockner, K., van der Voort, H., Veenstra, T., Verburg, P., Voss, M., Warner, B., Wende, W., Wesche, K., Thonicke, K., Rahner, E., Arneth, A., Bonn, Aletta, Borchard, N., Chaudhary, A., Darbi, Marianne, Dutta, T., Eberle, U., Eisenhauer, N., Farwig, N., Flocco, C.G., Freitag, J., Grobe, P., Grosch, R., Grossart, H.-P., Grosse, A., Grützmacher, K., Hagemann, Nina, Hansjürgens, Bernd, Hartman Scholz, A., Hassenrück, C., Häuser, C., Hickler, T., Hölker, F., Jacob, U., Jähnig, S.C., Jürgens, K., Kramer-Schadt, S., Kretsch, C., Krug, C., Lakner, S., Lindner, J.P., Loft, L., Mann, C., Matzdorf, B., Mehring, M., Meier, R., Meusemann, K., Müller, D., Nieberg, M., Overmann, J., Peters, R.S., Pörtner, L., Pradhan, P., Prochnow, A., Rduch, V., Reyer, C., Roos, C., Scherber, C., Scheunemann, N., Schroer, S., Schuck, A., Sioen, G.B., Sommer, S., Sommerwerk, N., Tanneberger, F., Tockner, K., van der Voort, H., Veenstra, T., Verburg, P., Voss, M., Warner, B., Wende, W., and Wesche, K.

Abstract

"Es gibt wissenschaftlich keine begründeten Hindernisse, die Biodiversität in ihrer Schönheit und Vielfalt zu schützen. Es bleiben nur noch sechs Jahre, um die Biodiversitätsziele bis 2030 zu erreichen. Dafür müssen wir jetzt gemeinsam anpacken."In den 10 Must-Knows aus der Biodiversitätsforschung 2024 haben 64 Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler ihre fundierten und vielseitigen Erkenntnisse und Empfehlungen aus den 10MustKnows22 weiterentwickelt. Die zehn ausgewählten Schlüsselbereiche des Erde-Mensch-Systems werden inhaltlich durch relevante Publikationen von 2022 und 2023 ergänzt und mit den im Dezember 2022 verabschiedeten 23 globalen Zielen des Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) verknüpft. Den Autorinnen und Autoren ist bewusst, dass die kommenden sechs Jahre bis 2030 wesentlich sind, um mittel- und langfristig ein ökologisch nachhaltiges und sozial gerechtes Leben auf unserer Erde zu erreichen. Mit den 10MustKnows24 möchten sie durch wissenschaftlich gesicherte Empfehlungen für Politik und Gesellschaft ihren aktiven Beitrag leisten, um die sozial-ökologische Transformation zu beschleunigen.Das sind die 10MustKnows24: 1. Klima- und Biodiversitätsschutz gemeinsam verwirklichen 2. Ein gesundes Leben auf einem gesunden Planeten ermöglichen 3. Unentdeckte Biodiversität beachten 4. Sprachliche, kulturelle und biologische Vielfalt verknüpfen 5. Vielfältige Nutzung von Waldökosystemen und Biodiversitätsschutz in Einklang bringen 6. Agrar- und Ernährungssysteme transformieren 7. Land und Ressourcen schützen 8. Transformativen Wandel durch internationale Zusammenarbeit und Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung bewirken 9. Freien Zugang und offene Nutzung von biodiversitätsbezogenen Daten sicherstellen 10. Auswirkungen des Lebensmittelkonsums auf die Biodiversität verringern

Published
2024

5. Paraquat-Induced Acute Toxicity Response in Juvenile African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822).

Author

JACOB, U. S., OBOT, O. I., UMOH, E. M., and AKANGBE, O. A.

Abstract

The extensive application of Paraquat in agricultural and non-agricultural sectors has led to severe physiological and environmental consequences. Hence, this paper was aimed at investigating the Paraquat-induced acute toxicity response for 98 hours in juvenile African catfish Clarias gariepinus using standard methods. The mean weight and mean total length of the fish were 60.67 ± 0.2 g, and 23.06 ± 0.2 cm. The fish were randomly distributed into a transparent plastic aquarium (22.6 x 18.5 cm). Paraquat was introduced at concentrations of 0.00, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 mg/l into the aquaria with the corresponding percentage mortality for 0, 30, 40, 55, 75, and 100% respectively. The observed behavioral changes and mortality were time and concentration-dependent. Symptoms of toxicity exhibited by the fish include loss of equilibrium, startle responses, hyperactivity, abnormal swimming, hemorrhage, and general restlessness. The median lethal concentration (LC50) estimated by probit analysis was 1.017 mg-l. The physicochemical parameters of the aquaria were in the following range DO, 3.00 - 5.80 mgL-1, temperature, 19.75 - 21.90 oC, TDS 10.10 - 20.20 mgL-1, alkalinity 40.80 - 91.00 mgL-1, and pH, 6.7 - 8.04 respectively. The measured haematological parameters showed a concentration-depending pattern of alterations due to paraquat exposure. The highest haematological parameters such as TWBC, 124.50 ×109L-1, TRBC, 2.01 ×1012L-1, Tplt, 85.00 ×109L-1, and LYM, 84 % were recorded in 2.0 mgL-1 paraquat concentration. This result revealed the toxic effects of Paraquat on juvenile Clarias gariepinus. Hence, the need for its regulation in both agricultural and nonagricultural sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and toxicological effects of Vigornatural herbal powder in experimental animals.

Author

Ozioko, Fabian U., Inuaeyen, Jacob U., Emmanuel, Stephanie O., Ugwu, Ezinne B., Ugonabo, Onyinyechukwu Y., Amoke, Chisom M., Ikechukwu, Peter E., and Eze, Fabian I.

Subjects
*ANALGESICS, *LABORATORY animals, *ORAL drug administration, *POWDERS, *TOBACCO, *ANTI-inflammatory agents
Abstract

Purpose: To determine the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and toxicological effects of Vigornatural herbal powder, derived from the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae) and the seeds of Buchholzia coriacea Eng. (Capparaceae). Methods: Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the herbal powder were assessed using acetic acid-induced writhing and egg-albumin-induced edema models, respectively. Drugs were administered orally to animal groups (n = 4) at a dose of 400 mg/kg using paracetamol and Tween-80 as positive and negative controls, respectively in writhing test, while in egg albumin model, drugs were administered at a dose range of 100 - 400 mg/kg using diclofenac sodium and Tween 80 as controls respectively. Acute toxicity was evaluated using modified Lorke's protocol. Sub-acute toxicity was investigated in Wistar rats after 14 days of oral administration of 400 mg/kg per day via its effect on hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard protocols. Results: The herbal powder gave a median lethal dose (LD50) > 5000 mg/kg and significantly provoked 38 % inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice at 400 mg/kg dose, relative to negative control (p < 0.05). It also significantly inhibited both phases of egg-albumin-induced edema with 9.5 and 16.5 % inhibition at 1st and 4th hours, respectively when compared to standard diclofenac which gave 4.2 and 17.3 %, respectively (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the treated and control groups with regard to all hematological and biochemical parameters tested after 14 days. Qualitative phytochemical tests showed the presence of alkaloids. Conclusion: Vigornatural herbal powder possesses fairly good analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties and does not have any significant adverse effect on hematological, hepatic and renal functions. Further studies to develop it as a potential novel analgesic and anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapeutic agent is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. The direct drivers of recent global anthropogenic biodiversity loss

Author

Jaureguiberry, P., Titeux, Nicolas, Wiemers, Martin, Bowler, Diana, Coscieme, L., Golden, A.S., Guerra, C.A., Jacob, U., Takahashi, Y., Settele, Josef, Díaz, S., Molnár, Z., Purvis, A., Jaureguiberry, P., Titeux, Nicolas, Wiemers, Martin, Bowler, Diana, Coscieme, L., Golden, A.S., Guerra, C.A., Jacob, U., Takahashi, Y., Settele, Josef, Díaz, S., Molnár, Z., and Purvis, A.

Abstract

Effective policies to halt biodiversity loss require knowing which anthropogenic drivers are the most important direct causes. Whereas previous knowledge has been limited in scope and rigor, here we statistically synthesize empirical comparisons of recent driver impacts found through a wide-ranging review. We show that land/sea use change has been the dominant direct driver of recent biodiversity loss worldwide. Direct exploitation of natural resources ranks second and pollution third; climate change and invasive alien species have been significantly less important than the top two drivers. The oceans, where direct exploitation and climate change dominate, have a different driver hierarchy from land and fresh water. It also varies among types of biodiversity indicators. For example, climate change is a more important driver of community composition change than of changes in species populations. Stopping global biodiversity loss requires policies and actions to tackle all the major drivers and their interactions, not some of them in isolation.

Published
2022

21. Phytochemical Composition and Anti-microbial Properties of Petersianthus macrocarpus (P.Beauv.) Liben (Lecythidaceae) Stem Bark Extract and Fractions.

Author

Nwosu, Joseph M., Eze, Fabian I., Ayogu, Peter C., Inuaeyen, Jacob U., Emmanuel, Stephanie O., Ugwu, Ezinne B., Ugonabo, Onyinyechukwu Y., Agbo, Matthias O., Ezema, Chidimma G., and Ezema, Benjamin E.

Subjects
PHYTOCHEMICALS, PLANT extracts, ANTI-infective agents, LECYTHIDACEAE, TRADITIONAL medicine
Abstract

Petersianthus macrocarpus(Lecythidaceae) is commonly used in traditional medicine in southeastern part of Nigeria for treating infectious diseases. In the current study, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical composition, and antimicrobial properties of 95% aqueous methanolic stem bark extract, and various solvent fractions of P. macrocarpus, were evaluated. The total phenolics content (TPC) and total tannins content (TTC) were evaluated spectrophotometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu's protocol, while the total flavonoids content (TFC) was assessed according to the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. The aqueous methanolic extract showed 706.61 ± 0.20 mg gallic acid equivalents GAE/g of extract, 131.42 ± 0.06 mg GAE/g of extract and 249.6 ± 0.14 mg quercetin equivalents QE/g of extract for TPC, TTC and TFC respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction showed higher TTC than the absolute methanol fraction but lower TPC and TFC. The antimicrobial properties of the extracts were evaluated against clinical strains of bacteria and fungi using the agar disc diffusion technique. All the evaluated samples showed inhibitory effect at 5.0 mg/mL against the tested bacteria and fungi, with the inhibition zone diameter (IZD) values ranging from 10 - 20 mm. The ethyl acetate fraction of the extract showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.81 mg/mL and 0.82 mg/mL against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans respectively. P. macrocarpus stem bark is a rich source of phenolics, tannins and flavonoids which may be responsible for its ethno-medicinal use in treating microbial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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24. Performance, manufacturability, and qualification advances of high-power VCSEL arrays at TriLumina Corporation

Author

Jeff Earls, Gianluca Bacchin, James Foresi, Jacob U. Lopez, Michael Chung, Thomas R. Fanning, Lei Yang, John Maynard, Mial E. Warren, Christopher J. Helms, and David Podva

Subjects
3d sensing, Reliability (semiconductor), Computer science, business.industry, Automotive industry, business, Automotive engineering, Design for manufacturability, Power (physics), Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser
Abstract

TriLumina develops and manufactures flip-chip VCSEL technology used in 3D sensing applications that must meet automotive grade 1 temperature range (-40˚C to 125˚C) performance and be tested to high reliability standards and criteria (AEC-Q102). Advances in VCSEL efficiency, performance and automotive qualification of TriLumina’s selfhermetic flip-chip VCSEL are discussed. TriLumina’s VCSEL-on-board (VoB), surface-mount technology VCSEL is introduced.

Published
2020
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25. IPBES-IPCC co-sponsored workshop report on biodiversity and climate change

Author

Portner, H.O., Scholes, R.J., Agard, J., Archer, E., Arneth, A., Bai, X., Barnes, D., Burrows, M., Chan, L., Cheung, W.L., Diamond, S., Donatti, C., Duarte, C., Eisenhauer, N., Foden, W., Gasalla, M.A., Handa, C., Hickler, T., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Ichii, K., Jacob, U., Insarov, G., Kiessling, W., Leadley, P., Leemans, R., Levin, L., Lim, M., Maharaj, S., Managi, S., Marquet, P.A., McElwee, P., Midgley, G., Oberdorff, T., Obura, D., Osman, E., Pandit, R., Pascual, U., Pires, A.P.F., Popp, A., Reyes-Garcia, V., Sankaran, M., Settele, J., Shin, Y.J., Sintayehu, D.W., Smith, P., Steiner, N., Strassburg, B., Sukumar, R., Trisos, C., Val, A.L., Wu, J., Aldrian, E., Parmesan, C., Pichs-Madruga, R., Roberts, D.C., Rogers, A.D., Diaz, S., Fischer, M., Hashimoto, S., Lavorel, S., Wu, N., Ngo, H.T., Portner, H.O., Scholes, R.J., Agard, J., Archer, E., Arneth, A., Bai, X., Barnes, D., Burrows, M., Chan, L., Cheung, W.L., Diamond, S., Donatti, C., Duarte, C., Eisenhauer, N., Foden, W., Gasalla, M.A., Handa, C., Hickler, T., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Ichii, K., Jacob, U., Insarov, G., Kiessling, W., Leadley, P., Leemans, R., Levin, L., Lim, M., Maharaj, S., Managi, S., Marquet, P.A., McElwee, P., Midgley, G., Oberdorff, T., Obura, D., Osman, E., Pandit, R., Pascual, U., Pires, A.P.F., Popp, A., Reyes-Garcia, V., Sankaran, M., Settele, J., Shin, Y.J., Sintayehu, D.W., Smith, P., Steiner, N., Strassburg, B., Sukumar, R., Trisos, C., Val, A.L., Wu, J., Aldrian, E., Parmesan, C., Pichs-Madruga, R., Roberts, D.C., Rogers, A.D., Diaz, S., Fischer, M., Hashimoto, S., Lavorel, S., Wu, N., and Ngo, H.T.

Published
2021

26. „Biodiversität und Klimawandel' - Expert:innen von Weltklimarat (IPCC) und Weltbiodiversitätsrat (IPBES) legen in diesem Workshop-Bericht erstmals eine gemeinsame Analyse vor - Kurzfassung der wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse | Stand 10. Juni 2021

Author

Arneth, A., Eisenhauer, N., Fischer, M., Hickler, T., Jacob, U., Kiessling, W., Popp, A., Pörtner, H.-O., Settele, Josef, Arneth, A., Eisenhauer, N., Fischer, M., Hickler, T., Jacob, U., Kiessling, W., Popp, A., Pörtner, H.-O., and Settele, Josef

Abstract

Der Bericht umfasst die Ergebnisse eines gemeinsamen Online-Workshops zwischen ausgewählten Autorinnen und Autoren des Weltbiodiversitätsrates IPBES und des Weltklimarates IPCC. Dieser Workshop fand vom 14. bis 17. De-zember 2020 statt.

Published
2021

27. Scientific outcome of the IPBES-IPCC co-sponsored workshop on biodiversity and climate change

Author

Pörtner, H.-O., Scholes, R.J., Agard, J., Archer, E., Arneth, A., Bai, X., Barnes, D., Burrows, M., Chan, L., Cheung, W.L., Diamond, S., Donatti, C., Duarte, C., Eisenhauer, N., Foden, W., Gasalla, M.A., Handa, C., Hickler, T., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Ichii, K., Jacob, U., Insarov, G., Kiessling, W., Leadley, P., Leemans, R., Levin, L., Lim, M., Maharaj, S., Managi, S., Marquet, P.A., McElwee, P., Midgley, G., Oberdorff, T., Obura, D., Osman Elasha, B., Pandit, R., Pascual, U., Pires, A.P.F., Popp, A., Reyes-García, V., Sankaran, M., Settele, Josef, Shin, Y.-J., Sintayehu, D.W., Smith, P., Steiner, N., Strassburg, B., Sukumar, R., Trisos, C., Val, A.L., Wu, J., Aldrian, E., Parmesan, C., Pichs-Madruga, R., Roberts, D.C., Rogers, A.D., Díaz, S., Fischer, M., Hashimoto, S., Lavorel, S., Wu, N., Ngo, H., Pörtner, H.-O., Scholes, R.J., Agard, J., Archer, E., Arneth, A., Bai, X., Barnes, D., Burrows, M., Chan, L., Cheung, W.L., Diamond, S., Donatti, C., Duarte, C., Eisenhauer, N., Foden, W., Gasalla, M.A., Handa, C., Hickler, T., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Ichii, K., Jacob, U., Insarov, G., Kiessling, W., Leadley, P., Leemans, R., Levin, L., Lim, M., Maharaj, S., Managi, S., Marquet, P.A., McElwee, P., Midgley, G., Oberdorff, T., Obura, D., Osman Elasha, B., Pandit, R., Pascual, U., Pires, A.P.F., Popp, A., Reyes-García, V., Sankaran, M., Settele, Josef, Shin, Y.-J., Sintayehu, D.W., Smith, P., Steiner, N., Strassburg, B., Sukumar, R., Trisos, C., Val, A.L., Wu, J., Aldrian, E., Parmesan, C., Pichs-Madruga, R., Roberts, D.C., Rogers, A.D., Díaz, S., Fischer, M., Hashimoto, S., Lavorel, S., Wu, N., and Ngo, H.

Abstract

The Scientific Outcome was produced by participants in the first-ever IPCC-IPBES co-sponsored workshop which took place in December 2020.  This workshop is placed in the context of recent international agreements including the Paris Agreement, the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and ongoing preparation for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development that converge on solving the dual crises of climate change and biodiversity loss as essential to support human well-being.The Scientific Outcome further develops and substantiates the conclusions of the Synopsis, summarizes the emerging state of knowledge involving climate change and biodiversity with the objective to inform decision making and highlight options for action, and to identify knowledge gaps to be filled by scientific research. The Scientific Outcome includes seven sections, the references outlining the evidence reviewed within those sections and the report glossary.

Published
2021

28. Biodiversity post-2020: Closing the gap between global targets and national-level implementation

Author

Perino, A., Pereira, H.M., Felipe-Lucia, Maria, Kim, H., Kühl, H.S., Marselle, Melissa, Meya, J.N., Meyer, C., Navarro, L.M., van Klink, R., Albert, G., Barratt, C.D., Bruelheide, H., Cao, Y., Chamoin, Ariane, Darbi, Marianne, Dornelas, M., Eisenhauer, N., Essl, F., Farwig, N., Förster, Johannes, Freyhof, J., Geschke, J., Gottschall, F., Guerra, C., Haase, P., Hickler, T., Jacob, U., Kastner, T., Korell, Lotte, Kühn, Ingolf, Lehmann, G.U.C., Lenzner, B., Marques, A., Motivans Švara, Elena, Quintero, L.C., Pacheco, A., Popp, A., Rouet-Leduc, Julia, Schnabel, F., Siebert, J., Staude, I.R., Trogisch, S., Švara, Vid, Svenning, J.-C., Pe'er, Guy, Raab, Kristina, Rakosy, Demetra, Vandewalle, Marie, Werner, A.S., Wirth, C., Xu, H., Yu, D., Zinngrebe, Yves, Bonn, Aletta, Perino, A., Pereira, H.M., Felipe-Lucia, Maria, Kim, H., Kühl, H.S., Marselle, Melissa, Meya, J.N., Meyer, C., Navarro, L.M., van Klink, R., Albert, G., Barratt, C.D., Bruelheide, H., Cao, Y., Chamoin, Ariane, Darbi, Marianne, Dornelas, M., Eisenhauer, N., Essl, F., Farwig, N., Förster, Johannes, Freyhof, J., Geschke, J., Gottschall, F., Guerra, C., Haase, P., Hickler, T., Jacob, U., Kastner, T., Korell, Lotte, Kühn, Ingolf, Lehmann, G.U.C., Lenzner, B., Marques, A., Motivans Švara, Elena, Quintero, L.C., Pacheco, A., Popp, A., Rouet-Leduc, Julia, Schnabel, F., Siebert, J., Staude, I.R., Trogisch, S., Švara, Vid, Svenning, J.-C., Pe'er, Guy, Raab, Kristina, Rakosy, Demetra, Vandewalle, Marie, Werner, A.S., Wirth, C., Xu, H., Yu, D., Zinngrebe, Yves, and Bonn, Aletta

Abstract

National and local governments need to step up efforts to effectively implement the post-2020 global biodiversity framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity to halt and reverse worsening biodiversity trends. Drawing on recent advances in interdisciplinary biodiversity science, we propose a framework for improved implementation by national and subnational governments. First, the identification of actions and the promotion of ownership across stakeholders need to recognize the multiple values of biodiversity and account for remote responsibility. Second, cross-sectorial implementation and mainstreaming should adopt scalable and multifunctional ecosystem restoration approaches and target positive futures for nature and people. Third, assessment of progress and adaptive management can be informed by novel biodiversity monitoring and modeling approaches handling the multidimensionality of biodiversity change.

Published
2021

30. Depth-dependence in stable isotope ratio [delta].sup.15N of benthic POM consumers: The role of particle dynamics and organism trophic guild

Author

Mintenbeck, K., Jacob, U., Knust, R., Arntz, W.E., and Brey, T.

Subjects
Earth sciences
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2007.03.005 Byline: K. Mintenbeck (a), U. Jacob (b)(c), R. Knust (a), W.E. Arntz (a), T. Brey (a) Keywords: [delta].sup.15N variability; Suspension feeders; Water depth; Particulate organic matter; POM dynamics; Particle settling; Antarctica; Weddell Sea Abstract: The stable nitrogen isotope ratio ([delta].sup.15N) is an established indicator of trophic hierarchy in marine food-web studies. Most of these studies presume that spatial variation in the primary food source is negligible, although a water-depth-related increase in [delta].sup.15N of particulate organic matter (POM) has been found in many systems. We used the high-Antarctic Weddell Sea shelf and slope ecosystem to test whether such a depth-related change in [delta].sup.15N is reflected at higher trophic levels, i.e., benthic consumers of POM. In suspension feeders (SF) we found a significant increase in [delta].sup.15N with water depth of up to 9.8a[degrees], whereas in deposit feeders (DF) a depth effect was barely detectable. Particle-size preferences of the two feeding guilds combined with particle-size-dependent sinking velocities and biogeochemical reworking of POM are discussed as the major causes of these differences. It is essential to marine food-web studies to take into account the general depth effect on POM [delta].sup.15N as well as potential feeding-guild-specific differences in the response of POM consumer tissue [delta].sup.15N to avoid serious bias and misinterpretation of stable-isotope-based trophic information. Author Affiliation: (a) Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, P.O. Box 120161, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany (b) Department of Zoology, Ecology and Plant Science, Distillery Fields, University College Cork, Ireland (c) Environmental Research Institute, Lee Road, University College Cork, Ireland Article History: Received 28 July 2006; Revised 13 February 2007; Accepted 7 March 2007

Published
2007

43. Funktionelle Diversität : welche Funktionen erfüllen marine Ökosysteme?

Author

Jacob, U. and Hillebrand, H.

Abstract

Marine Ökosysteme erfüllen eine Vielzahl von Dienstleistungen für uns Menschen. Etwa die Hälfte des Sauerstoffs der Atmosphäre geht beispielsweise auf die Photosynthese mariner Algen und Seegräser zurück. Gleichzeitig greift der Mensch häufig störend in diese Ökosysteme ein. Mehr als ein Drittel der sowohl für den Küstenschutz wie auch für junge Fische immens wichtigen Mangrovenwälder wurden bereits weltweit abgeholzt. ■ Die drohende Biodiversitätskrise wird die Bereitstellung wichtiger Ökosystemleistungen und damit das Wohlergehen des Menschen beeinträchtigen. ■ Auch die Ökosystemleistungen des Meeres sind betroffen. ■ Dazu gehören Regulierungsleistungen wie die Produktion von Sauerstoff oder Versorgungsleistungen wie die Fischbestände. ■ Es bedarf eines ganzheitlichen Ansatzes, der die Reproduktion der Ökosystemleistungen bei der Nutzung ermöglicht und nicht schädigt.

Published
2020

46. Preface

Author

Gordon, Jacob U.

Published
2000

48. An empirical method for reducing variability and complexity of myocardial perfusion quantification by dual bolus cardiac MRI

Author

Neil Chatterjee, Jacob U. Fluckiger, Brandon C. Benefield, Timothy J. Carroll, Daniel C. Lee, and Kathleen R. Harris

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Magnetic resonance angiography, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Microsphere, 03 medical and health sciences, Coronary circulation, Myocardial perfusion imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Bolus (medicine), medicine.anatomical_structure, Fluorescent microspheres, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Radiology, Nuclear medicine, business, Perfusion, Cardiac catheterization
Abstract

Purpose Myocardial perfusion can be quantified using the “dual bolus” technique, which uses two separate contrast boluses to avoid signal nonlinearity in the blood pool. This technique relies on knowing the precise ratio of contrast concentrations between the two boluses. In this study, we investigated the variability found in these ratios, as well as the error it introduces, and developed a method for correction. Methods Five dogs received dual bolus myocardial perfusion MRI scans. Perfusion was calculated separately using assumed contrast dilution ratios and empirically determined contrast ratios. Perfusion was compared with reference standard fluorescent microspheres. The same technique was then applied to a cohort of six patients with no significant coronary artery stenosis by cardiac catheterization. Results Assumed contrast dilution ratios were 10:1 for all animal and patient scans. Empirically derived contrast ratios were significantly different for animal (8.51:1 ± 1.53:1, P

Published
2016
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