Search

Your search keyword '"Jacoby, D.M.P."' showing total 17 results
Start Over Author "Jacoby, D.M.P."
17 results on '"Jacoby, D.M.P."'

1. Mixed management boosts reef shark abundance

Author

Jacoby, D.M.P. and Jacoby, D.M.P.

Abstract

A global survey using baited cameras on coral reefs demonstrates a near twofold increase in the relative abundance of reef sharks in marine protected areas that are also embedded within areas of effective fisheries management. However, such conservation benefits were not evident for wide-ranging sharks or rays found on the reef.

Published
2024

2. The drivers of anguillid eel movement in lentic water bodies:a systematic map

Author

Williamson, M.J., Jacoby, D.M.P., Piper, A.T., Williamson, M.J., Jacoby, D.M.P., and Piper, A.T.

Abstract

Anguillid eels are near globally distributed catadromous fishes with marine spawning areas and inshore and inland growth areas in both lotic (rivers, estuaries) and lentic (lakes, ponds, lagoons) water bodies. As predators, anguillid eels play an important ecological role in both marine and freshwater systems, and several species are harvested commercially for food. However, some of the more widely distributed species have undergone severe declines in recruitment and their population status is now of significant concern. Given the multiple and lengthy migrations undertaken by anguillid eels, understanding of the drivers of movement is fundamental for species conservation and management. Yet, despite the importance of lentic systems to their ecology, most studies on anguillid eel movement have been conducted in lotic systems. Given that key influences on eel migration in lotic water bodies, such as fluctuations in flow and water temperature, may be minimised in lentic environments, the transferability of findings between lotic and lentic systems cannot be assumed. A systematic map was constructed to synthesise current knowledge on the extrinsic and intrinsic drivers of anguillid eel movement in lentic systems. The current state of knowledge of the drivers of eel movement in lentic systems is presented and compared to the relatively well-understood drivers of movement in lotic systems. We also discuss current knowledge gaps and limitations, and identify key future research requirements to inform the management and conservation of anguillid eels in understudied lentic systems.

Published
2023

3. Environmental DNA helps reveal reef shark distribution across a remote archipelago

Author

Dunn, N., Curnick, D.J., Carbone, C., Carlisle, A.B., Chapple, T.K., Dowell, R., Ferretti, F., Jacoby, D.M.P., Schallert, R.J., Steyaert, M., Tickler, D.M., Williamson, M.J., Block, B.A., Savolainen, V., Dunn, N., Curnick, D.J., Carbone, C., Carlisle, A.B., Chapple, T.K., Dowell, R., Ferretti, F., Jacoby, D.M.P., Schallert, R.J., Steyaert, M., Tickler, D.M., Williamson, M.J., Block, B.A., and Savolainen, V.

Abstract

Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods are being increasingly used in proof-of-concept studies to detect shark species, many populations of which are experiencing severe declines. These methods are widely seen as the future of biodiversity monitoring, but they have yet to become established as routine monitoring techniques for elasmobranch species. Here, we developed species-specific quantitative PCR assays for the detection of grey reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) and silvertip shark (Carcharhinus albimarginatus). We assessed whether species-specific eDNA methods could infer the distribution of the two species around the atolls of the Chagos Archipelago, which, despite being surrounded by a large marine protected area, experience contrasting levels of illegal fishing leading to heterogeneity in shark population densities. We found that eDNA detections were significantly reduced and sporadic around the northern atolls, which are under high pressure from illegal fishing. By contrast eDNA detections of both species were ubiquitous and consistent around the highly protected atoll Diego Garcia. We postulate that current levels of illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is having a significant impact on the shark community in the northern atolls and suppressing local reef shark populations. In the northern atolls we also employed visual and acoustic telemetry techniques to reveal the distribution of reef sharks. We found that despite eDNA samples being taken directly after visual surveys, detection results did not correlate, suggesting a need for further optimisation of eDNA methods for detecting sharks. However, both species were detected by eDNA in sites where they were not observed, highlighting that the scale of the sampling environment must be considered when inferring eDNA results and showing that eDNA methods can be used to fill gaps in data from more established monitoring techniques. We conclude that eDNA methods should be used in combination with oth

Published
2023

4. Anguillid eels

Author

Williamson, M.J., Pike, C., Gollock, M., Jacoby, D.M.P., Piper, A.T., Williamson, M.J., Pike, C., Gollock, M., Jacoby, D.M.P., and Piper, A.T.

Abstract

Anguillid eels have fascinated humans for centuries, but our knowledge of these mysterious fish is still scant. There are 19 species or subspecies in the genus Anguilla, which are found globally, except in the eastern Pacific and southern Atlantic. Their common label ‘freshwater eels’ is a misnomer — all anguillids are facultatively catadromous, born in marine environments, developing in continental waters, with a proportion never entering freshwater at all. Anguillid eels have several life history traits that have allowed them to exploit a broad range of habitats. As such, anguillid eels play an important ecological role in both marine and freshwater environments as well as being commercially valuable. Because of this, anguillid eels are under threat from multiple stressors, such as barriers to migration, pollution, parasites, disease, climate change and unsustainable exploitation. Six species are listed as Threatened in the Red List of Threatened Species, and four are listed as Data Deficient. Strengthening conservation and management of these species is essential, and further research provides an exciting opportunity to develop a greater understanding of this mysterious clade of fish.

Published
2023

5. First descriptions of the seasonal habitat use and residency of scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) and Galapagos sharks (Carcharhinus galapagensis) at a coastal seamount off Japan

Author

Jacoby, D.M.P., Watanabe, Y.Y., Packard, T., Healey, M., Papastamatiou, Y.P., Gallagher, A.J., Jacoby, D.M.P., Watanabe, Y.Y., Packard, T., Healey, M., Papastamatiou, Y.P., and Gallagher, A.J.

Abstract

Background: The Northwestern Pacific is a data-poor region for studies into the movements and habitat use of open ocean and pelagic sharks. However, this region experiences considerable pressure from commercial fishing. Therefore, shark movement data from this region carry significant implications for conservation and management, particularly for threatened species. Here, we provide the first data on seasonal residency and movements of scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) and Galapagos sharks (Carcharhinus galapagensis), using acoustic and satellite telemetry, and dive logbooks, off Japan. Results: Eight female sharks, four of each species, were tagged around a coastal seamount off southeastern Japan (Mikomoto Island) in August 2015, and monitored for a period of up to 363 days using an array of six receivers around the island. Analyses of the more abundant scalloped hammerhead acoustic data suggest high seasonal residency predominantly from August to November associated with lower chlorophyll-a concentrations, before sharks then leave the island and return the following summer. Residency for scalloped hammerhead sharks were highest among those receivers closest to the Kuroshio Current, which produces strong coastal upwelling, however SST was not found to be predictive of occurrence at Mikomoto. Shark presence was corroborated by analysis of dive-log data from a local ecotourism operator. We also produced two unique satellite tracks, whereby a scalloped hammerhead exhibited a 200-km dispersal into a coastal embayment west of the tagging location and a Galapagos shark migrated over 800 km offshore into the high seas. Conclusion: This study provided some of the first behavioral and movement data for scalloped hammerhead and Galapagos sharks in Japan. Our findings suggest varying spatial and temporal visitation of two shark species to a coastal seamount, underscored by some degree of seasonal residency and site fidelity and linked, for scalloped hammerhead sharks at l

Published
2022

6. Social networks and the conservation of fish

Author

Villegas-Ríos, D., Jacoby, D.M.P., Mourier, J., Villegas-Ríos, D., Jacoby, D.M.P., and Mourier, J.

Abstract

Despite our critical dependence on aquatic wildlife, we lack a complete understanding of the drivers of population stability and structure for most fish species. Social network analysis has been increasingly used to investigate animal societies as it explicitly links individual decision-making to population-level processes and demography. While the study of social structure is of great ecological interest, it is also potentially important for species of economic value or of conservation concern. To date however, there has been little focus on how social processes are likely to influence the conservation of fish populations. Here we identify applications for how a social network approach can help address broad fish conservation themes such as population structure, biological invasions or fisheries management. We discuss the burgeoning opportunities offered and challenges still faced by current technologies to integrate social network approaches within fish conservation.

Published
2022

7. Ethical considerations in natural history film production and the need for industry-wide best practice

Author

Williamson, M.J., Curnick, D.J., Jacoby, D.M.P., Durant, S.M., O'Neill, H.M.K., Williamson, M.J., Curnick, D.J., Jacoby, D.M.P., Durant, S.M., and O'Neill, H.M.K.

Abstract

Natural history documentary films can be a powerful tool for wildlife conservation, providing an accessible means to increase public knowledge of the natural world. There has been an increasing focus in documentary films on the threats to biodiversity in recent years that has positively aided conservation efforts. However, potential ethical and welfare implications of natural history film making are often overlooked. Here, we consider the design and impact of the narratives used and the filming methods employed in natural history film making and their potential implications for conservation. Although these programmes are often lauded for their cinematography, filming techniques and practices should satisfy high ethical standards and should be evaluated to assess disturbance caused to wildlife and any associated negative behavioural and physiological impacts. This evaluation should include the direct impact of the filming, as well as considering the risk of viewers replicating human-wildlife encounters they see on film. Trends towards the use of highly dramatized storytelling, anthropomorphism and the inclusion of inaccurate information should also be addressed. Although some production companies have filming guidelines in place, this is not standard industry practice. Natural history films are an important means of educating and enthusing people about nature and its conservation; however, it is vital that films are made responsibly. To facilitate this discussion, we propose recommendations, including standardised industry-wide guidelines, codes of conduct and independent ethical reviews, for natural history film makers to mitigate and avoid negative impacts.

Published
2022

8. SmallSats:a new technological frontier in ecology and conservation?

Author

Curnick, D.J., Davies, A.J., Duncan, C., Freeman, R., Jacoby, D.M.P., Shelley, H.T.E., Rossi, C., Wearn, O.R., Williamson, M.J., Pettorelli, N., Curnick, D.J., Davies, A.J., Duncan, C., Freeman, R., Jacoby, D.M.P., Shelley, H.T.E., Rossi, C., Wearn, O.R., Williamson, M.J., and Pettorelli, N.

Abstract

We are in the midst of a revolution in satellite technology, with the rapid development and advancement of small satellites (or SmallSats, i.e., satellites <180 kg). Here, we review the opportunities and challenges that such technology might afford in the field of conservation and ecology. SmallSat constellations may yield higher resolutions than those that are currently available to scientists and practitioners, increasing opportunities to improve environmental-monitoring and animal-tracking capabilities. They may cut access costs to end users, by reducing operational costs and bringing increased competition to the existing market. Their greater flexibility and affordability may moreover enable the development of bespoke constellations for specific conservation and ecological applications, and provide greater interoperability with ground-based sensors, such as tracking devices and camera traps. In addition, SmallSats may serve as cost-effective research and development platforms for new components and products. Combined, these benefits could significantly improve our ability to monitor threats to the environment as they unfold, while enhancing our understanding of animal ecology and ecosystem dynamics. However, significant hardware and software developments are required before such technology is able to produce, process and handle reliable and cost-effective data, and the initial research and development costs still represent a major challenge. Further, we argue that much remains to be done to ensure these new data products become accessible, equitable and sustainable.

Published
2022

9. Diving into the vertical dimension of elasmobranch movement ecology

Author

Andrzejaczek, S., Lucas, T.C.D., Goodman, M.C., Hussey, N.E., Armstrong, A.J., Carlisle, A., Coffey, D.M., Gleiss, A.C., Huveneers, C., Jacoby, D.M.P., Meekan, M.G., Mourier, J., Peel, L.R., Abrantes, K., Afonso, A.S., Ajemian, M.J., Anderson, B.N., Anderson, S.D., Araujo, G., Armstrong, A.O., Bach, P., Barnett, A., Bennett, M.B., Bezerra, N.A., Bonfil, R., Boustany, A.M., Bowlby, H.D., Branco, I., Braun, C.D., Brooks, E.J., Brown, J., Burke, P.J., Butcher, P., Castleton, M., Chapple, T.K., Chateau, O., Clarke, M., Coelho, R., Cortés, E., Couturier, L.I.E., Cowley, P.D., Croll, D.A., Cuevas, J.M., Curtis, T.H., Dagorn, L., Dale, J.J., Daly, R., Dewar, H., Doherty, P.D., Domingo, A., Dove, A.D.M., Drew, M., Dudgeon, C.L., Duffy, C.A.J., Elliott, R.G., Ellis, J.R., Erdmann, M.V., Farrugia, T.J., Ferreira, L.C., Ferretti, F., Filmalter, J.D., Finucci, B., Fischer, C., Fitzpatrick, R., Forget, F., Forsberg, K., Francis, M.P., Franks, B.R., Gallagher, A.J., Galván-Magaña, F., García, M.L., Gaston, T.F., Gillanders, B.M., Gollock, M.J., Green, J.R., Green, S., Griffiths, C.A., Hammerschlag, N., Hasan, A., Hawkes, L.A., Hazin, F., Heard, M., Hearn, A., Hedges, K.J., Henderson, S.M., Holdsworth, J., Holland, K.N., Howey, L.A., Hueter, R.E., Humphries, N.E., Hutchinson, M., Jaine, F.R.A., Jorgensen, S.J., Kanive, P.E., Labaja, J., Lana, F.O., Lassauce, H., Lipscombe, R.S., Llewellyn, F., Macena, B.C.L., Mambrasar, R., McAllister, J.D., McCully Phillips, S.R., McGregor, F., McMillan, M.N., McNaughton, L.M., Mendonça, S.A., Meyer, C.G., Meyers, M., Mohan, J.A., Montgomery, J.C., Mucientes, G., Musyl, M.K., Nasby-Lucas, N., Natanson, L.J., O’Sullivan, J.B., Oliveira, P., Papastamtiou, Y.P., Patterson, T.A., Pierce, S.J., Queiroz, N., Radford, C.A., Richardson, A.J., Righton, D., Rohner, C.A., Royer, M.A., Saunders, R.A., Schaber, M., Schallert, R.J., Scholl, M.C., Seitz, A.C., Semmens, J.M., Setyawan, E., Shea, B.D., Shidqi, R.A., Shillinger, G.L., Shipley, O.N., Shivji, M.S., Sianipar, A.B., Silva, J.F., Sims, D.W., Skomal, G.B., Sousa, L.L., Southall, E.J., Spaet, J.L.Y., Stehfest, K.M., Stevens, G., Stewart, J.D., Sulikowski, J.A., Syakurachman, I., Thorrold, S.R., Thums, M., Tickler, D., Tolloti, M.T., Townsend, K.A., Travassos, P., Tyminski, J.P., Vaudo, J.J., Veras, D., Wantiez, L., Weber, S.B., Wells, R.J.D., Weng, K.C., Wetherbee, B.M., Williamson, J.E., Witt, M.J., Wright, S., Zilliacus, K., Block, B.A., Curnick, D.J., Andrzejaczek, S., Lucas, T.C.D., Goodman, M.C., Hussey, N.E., Armstrong, A.J., Carlisle, A., Coffey, D.M., Gleiss, A.C., Huveneers, C., Jacoby, D.M.P., Meekan, M.G., Mourier, J., Peel, L.R., Abrantes, K., Afonso, A.S., Ajemian, M.J., Anderson, B.N., Anderson, S.D., Araujo, G., Armstrong, A.O., Bach, P., Barnett, A., Bennett, M.B., Bezerra, N.A., Bonfil, R., Boustany, A.M., Bowlby, H.D., Branco, I., Braun, C.D., Brooks, E.J., Brown, J., Burke, P.J., Butcher, P., Castleton, M., Chapple, T.K., Chateau, O., Clarke, M., Coelho, R., Cortés, E., Couturier, L.I.E., Cowley, P.D., Croll, D.A., Cuevas, J.M., Curtis, T.H., Dagorn, L., Dale, J.J., Daly, R., Dewar, H., Doherty, P.D., Domingo, A., Dove, A.D.M., Drew, M., Dudgeon, C.L., Duffy, C.A.J., Elliott, R.G., Ellis, J.R., Erdmann, M.V., Farrugia, T.J., Ferreira, L.C., Ferretti, F., Filmalter, J.D., Finucci, B., Fischer, C., Fitzpatrick, R., Forget, F., Forsberg, K., Francis, M.P., Franks, B.R., Gallagher, A.J., Galván-Magaña, F., García, M.L., Gaston, T.F., Gillanders, B.M., Gollock, M.J., Green, J.R., Green, S., Griffiths, C.A., Hammerschlag, N., Hasan, A., Hawkes, L.A., Hazin, F., Heard, M., Hearn, A., Hedges, K.J., Henderson, S.M., Holdsworth, J., Holland, K.N., Howey, L.A., Hueter, R.E., Humphries, N.E., Hutchinson, M., Jaine, F.R.A., Jorgensen, S.J., Kanive, P.E., Labaja, J., Lana, F.O., Lassauce, H., Lipscombe, R.S., Llewellyn, F., Macena, B.C.L., Mambrasar, R., McAllister, J.D., McCully Phillips, S.R., McGregor, F., McMillan, M.N., McNaughton, L.M., Mendonça, S.A., Meyer, C.G., Meyers, M., Mohan, J.A., Montgomery, J.C., Mucientes, G., Musyl, M.K., Nasby-Lucas, N., Natanson, L.J., O’Sullivan, J.B., Oliveira, P., Papastamtiou, Y.P., Patterson, T.A., Pierce, S.J., Queiroz, N., Radford, C.A., Richardson, A.J., Righton, D., Rohner, C.A., Royer, M.A., Saunders, R.A., Schaber, M., Schallert, R.J., Scholl, M.C., Seitz, A.C., Semmens, J.M., Setyawan, E., Shea, B.D., Shidqi, R.A., Shillinger, G.L., Shipley, O.N., Shivji, M.S., Sianipar, A.B., Silva, J.F., Sims, D.W., Skomal, G.B., Sousa, L.L., Southall, E.J., Spaet, J.L.Y., Stehfest, K.M., Stevens, G., Stewart, J.D., Sulikowski, J.A., Syakurachman, I., Thorrold, S.R., Thums, M., Tickler, D., Tolloti, M.T., Townsend, K.A., Travassos, P., Tyminski, J.P., Vaudo, J.J., Veras, D., Wantiez, L., Weber, S.B., Wells, R.J.D., Weng, K.C., Wetherbee, B.M., Williamson, J.E., Witt, M.J., Wright, S., Zilliacus, K., Block, B.A., and Curnick, D.J.

Abstract

Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species. Elasmobranchs displayed high intra- and interspecific variability in vertical movement patterns. Substantial vertical overlap was observed for many epipelagic elasmobranchs, indicating an increased likelihood to display spatial overlap, biologically interact, and share similar risk to anthropogenic threats that vary on a vertical gradient. We highlight the critical next steps toward incorporating vertical movement into global management and monitoring strategies for elasmobranchs, emphasizing the need to address geographic and taxonomic biases in deployments and to concurrently consider both horizontal and vertical movements.

Published
2022

10. The Movement Ecology of Fishes

Author

Cooke, S.J., Bergman, J.N., Twardek, W.M., Piczak, M.L., Casselberry, G.A., Lutek, K., Dahlmo, L.S., Birnie‐Gauvin, K., Griffin, L.P., Brownscombe, J.W., Raby, G.D., Standen, E.M., Horodysky, A.Z., Johnsen, S., Danylchuk, A.J., Furey, N.B., Gallagher, A.J., Lédée, E.J.I., Midwood, J.D., Gutowsky, L.F.G., Jacoby, D.M.P., Matley, J.K., Lennox, R.J., Cooke, S.J., Bergman, J.N., Twardek, W.M., Piczak, M.L., Casselberry, G.A., Lutek, K., Dahlmo, L.S., Birnie‐Gauvin, K., Griffin, L.P., Brownscombe, J.W., Raby, G.D., Standen, E.M., Horodysky, A.Z., Johnsen, S., Danylchuk, A.J., Furey, N.B., Gallagher, A.J., Lédée, E.J.I., Midwood, J.D., Gutowsky, L.F.G., Jacoby, D.M.P., Matley, J.K., and Lennox, R.J.

Abstract

Movement of fishes in the aquatic realm is fundamental to their ecology and survival. Movement can be driven by a variety of biological, physiological, and environmental factors occurring across all spatial and temporal scales. The intrinsic capacity of movement to impact fish individually (e.g., foraging) with potential knock-on effects throughout the ecosystem (e.g., food web dynamics) has garnered considerable interest in the field of movement ecology. The advancement of technology in recent decades, in combination with ever-growing threats to freshwater and marine systems, have further spurred empirical research and theoretical considerations. Given the rapid expansion within the field of movement ecology and its significant role in informing management and conservation efforts, a contemporary and multidisciplinary review about the various components influencing movement is outstanding. Using an established conceptual framework for movement ecology as a guide (i.e., Nathan et al., 2008 PNAS. 105:19052), we synthesize the environmental and individual factors that affect the movement of fishes. Specifically, internal (e.g., energy acquisition, endocrinology, and homeostasis) and external (biotic and abiotic) environmental elements are discussed, as well as the different processes that influence individual-level (or population) decisions, such as navigation cues, motion capacity, propagation characteristics, and group behaviours. In addition to environmental drivers and individual movement factors, we also explore how associated strategies help survival by optimizing physiological and other biological states. Next, we identify how movement ecology is increasingly being incorporated into management and conservation by highlighting the inherent benefits that spatio-temporal fish behaviour imbues into policy, regulatory, and remediation planning. Finally, we consider the future of movement ecology by evaluating ongoing technological innovations and both the challenges

Published
2022

11. Environmental DNA (eDNA) for monitoring marine mammals: Challenges and opportunities

Author

Jacoby, D.M.P. (David M.P.), Suarez-Bregua, Paula, Álvarez-González, Miguel, Parsons, Kim Michelle, Rotllant, Josep, Pierce, Graham John, Saavedra, Camilo, Jacoby, D.M.P. (David M.P.), Suarez-Bregua, Paula, Álvarez-González, Miguel, Parsons, Kim Michelle, Rotllant, Josep, Pierce, Graham John, and Saavedra, Camilo

Abstract

Monitoring marine mammal populations is essential to permit assessment of population status as required by both national and international legislation. Traditional monitoring methods often rely on visual and/or acoustic detections from vessels and aircraft, but limitations including cost, errors in the detection of some species and dependence on taxonomic expertise, as well as good weather and visibility conditions often limit the temporal and spatial scale of effective, long-term monitoring programs. In recent years, environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a revolutionary tool for cost-effective, sensitive, noninvasive species monitoring in both terrestrial and aquatic realms. eDNA is a rapidly developing field and a growing number of studies have successfully implemented this approach for the detection and identification of marine mammals. Here, we review 21 studies published between 2012 and 2021 that employed eDNA for marine mammal monitoring including single species detection, biodiversity assessment and genetic characterization. eDNA has successfully been used to infer species presence (especially useful for rare, elusive or threatened species) and to characterize the population genetic structure, although additional research is needed to support the interpretation of non-detections. Finally, we discuss the challenges and the opportunities that eDNA could bring to marine mammal monitoring as a complementary tool to support visual and acoustic methods.

Published
2022

12. Reply to: Shark mortality cannot be assessed by fishery overlap alone

Author

Queiroz, N., Humphries, N.E., Couto, A., Vedor, M., da Costa, I., Sequeira, A.M.M., Mucientes, G., Santos, A.M., Abascal, F.J., Abercrombie, D.L., Abrantes, K., Acuña-Marrero, D., Afonso, A.S., Afonso, P., Anders, D., Araujo, G., Arauz, R., Bach, P., Barnett, A., Bernal, D., Berumen, M.L., Lion, S.B., Bezerra, N.P.A., Blaison, A.V., Block, B.A., Bond, M.E., Bonfil, R., Bradford, R.W., Braun, C.D., Brooks, E.J., Brooks, A., Brown, J., Bruce, B.D., Byrne, M.E., Campana, S.E., Carlisle, A.B., Chapman, D.D., Chapple, T.K., Chisholm, J., Clarke, C.R., Clua, E.G., Cochran, J.E.M., Crochelet, E.C., Dagorn, L., Daly, R., Cortés, D.D., Doyle, T.K., Drew, M., Duffy, C.A.J., Erikson, T., Espinoza, E., Ferreira, L.C., Ferretti, F., Filmalter, J.D., Fischer, G.C., Fitzpatrick, R., Fontes, J., Forget, F., Fowler, M., Francis, M.P., Gallagher, A.J., Gennari, E., Goldsworthy, S.D., Gollock, M.J., Green, J.R., Gustafson, J.A., Guttridge, T.L., Guzman, H.M., Hammerschlag, N., Harman, L., Hazin, F.H.V., Heard, M., Hearn, A.R., Holdsworth, J.C., Holmes, B.J., Howey, L.A., Hoyos, M., Hueter, R.E., Hussey, N.E., Huveneers, C., Irion, D.T., Jacoby, D.M.P., Jewell, O.J.D., Johnson, R., Jordan, L.K.B., Joyce, W., Keating Daly, C.A., Ketchum, J.T., Klimley, A.P., Kock, A.A., Koen, P., Ladino, F., Lana, F.O., Lea, J.S.E., Llewellyn, F., Lyon, W.S., MacDonnell, A., Macena, B.C.L., Marshall, H., McAllister, J.D., Meÿer, M.A., Morris, J.J., Nelson, E.R., Papastamatiou, Y.P., Peñaherrera-Palma, C., Pierce, S.J., Poisson, F., Quintero, L.M., Richardson, A.J., Rogers, P.J., Rohner, C.A., Rowat, D.R.L., Samoilys, M., Semmens, J.M., Sheaves, M., Shillinger, G., Shivji, M., Singh, S., Skomal, G.B., Smale, M.J., Snyders, L.B., Soler, G., Soria, M., Stehfest, K.M., Thorrold, S.R., Tolotti, M.T., Towner, A., Travassos, P., Tyminski, J.P., Vandeperre, F., Vaudo, J.J., Watanabe, Y.Y., Weber, S.B., Wetherbee, B.M., White, T.D., Williams, S., Zárate, P.M., Harcourt, R., Hays, G.C., Meekan, M.G., Thums, M., Irigoien, X., Eguíluz, V.M., Duarte, C.M., Sousa, L.L., Simpson, S.J., Southall, E.J., Sims, D.W., Queiroz, N., Humphries, N.E., Couto, A., Vedor, M., da Costa, I., Sequeira, A.M.M., Mucientes, G., Santos, A.M., Abascal, F.J., Abercrombie, D.L., Abrantes, K., Acuña-Marrero, D., Afonso, A.S., Afonso, P., Anders, D., Araujo, G., Arauz, R., Bach, P., Barnett, A., Bernal, D., Berumen, M.L., Lion, S.B., Bezerra, N.P.A., Blaison, A.V., Block, B.A., Bond, M.E., Bonfil, R., Bradford, R.W., Braun, C.D., Brooks, E.J., Brooks, A., Brown, J., Bruce, B.D., Byrne, M.E., Campana, S.E., Carlisle, A.B., Chapman, D.D., Chapple, T.K., Chisholm, J., Clarke, C.R., Clua, E.G., Cochran, J.E.M., Crochelet, E.C., Dagorn, L., Daly, R., Cortés, D.D., Doyle, T.K., Drew, M., Duffy, C.A.J., Erikson, T., Espinoza, E., Ferreira, L.C., Ferretti, F., Filmalter, J.D., Fischer, G.C., Fitzpatrick, R., Fontes, J., Forget, F., Fowler, M., Francis, M.P., Gallagher, A.J., Gennari, E., Goldsworthy, S.D., Gollock, M.J., Green, J.R., Gustafson, J.A., Guttridge, T.L., Guzman, H.M., Hammerschlag, N., Harman, L., Hazin, F.H.V., Heard, M., Hearn, A.R., Holdsworth, J.C., Holmes, B.J., Howey, L.A., Hoyos, M., Hueter, R.E., Hussey, N.E., Huveneers, C., Irion, D.T., Jacoby, D.M.P., Jewell, O.J.D., Johnson, R., Jordan, L.K.B., Joyce, W., Keating Daly, C.A., Ketchum, J.T., Klimley, A.P., Kock, A.A., Koen, P., Ladino, F., Lana, F.O., Lea, J.S.E., Llewellyn, F., Lyon, W.S., MacDonnell, A., Macena, B.C.L., Marshall, H., McAllister, J.D., Meÿer, M.A., Morris, J.J., Nelson, E.R., Papastamatiou, Y.P., Peñaherrera-Palma, C., Pierce, S.J., Poisson, F., Quintero, L.M., Richardson, A.J., Rogers, P.J., Rohner, C.A., Rowat, D.R.L., Samoilys, M., Semmens, J.M., Sheaves, M., Shillinger, G., Shivji, M., Singh, S., Skomal, G.B., Smale, M.J., Snyders, L.B., Soler, G., Soria, M., Stehfest, K.M., Thorrold, S.R., Tolotti, M.T., Towner, A., Travassos, P., Tyminski, J.P., Vandeperre, F., Vaudo, J.J., Watanabe, Y.Y., Weber, S.B., Wetherbee, B.M., White, T.D., Williams, S., Zárate, P.M., Harcourt, R., Hays, G.C., Meekan, M.G., Thums, M., Irigoien, X., Eguíluz, V.M., Duarte, C.M., Sousa, L.L., Simpson, S.J., Southall, E.J., and Sims, D.W.

Published
2021

13. Reply to: Caution over the use of ecological big data for conservation

Author

Queiroz, N., Humphries, N.E., Couto, A., Vedor, M., da Costa, I., Sequeira, A.M.M., Mucientes, G., Santos, A.M., Abascal, F.J., Abercrombie, D.L., Abrantes, K., Acuña-Marrero, D., Afonso, A.S., Afonso, P., Anders, D., Araujo, G., Arauz, R., Bach, P., Barnett, A., Bernal, D., Berumen, M.L., Lion, S.B., Bezerra, N.P.A., Blaison, A.V., Block, B.A., Bond, M.E., Bonfil, R., Braun, C.D., Brooks, E.J., Brooks, A., Brown, J., Byrne, M.E., Campana, S.E., Carlisle, A.B., Chapman, D.D., Chapple, T.K., Chisholm, J., Clarke, C.R., Clua, E.G., Cochran, J.E.M., Crochelet, E.C., Dagorn, L., Daly, R., Cortés, D.D., Doyle, T.K., Drew, M., Duffy, C.A.J., Erikson, T., Espinoza, E., Ferreira, L.C., Ferretti, F., Filmalter, J.D., Fischer, G.C., Fitzpatrick, R., Fontes, J., Forget, F., Fowler, M., Francis, M.P., Gallagher, A.J., Gennari, E., Goldsworthy, S.D., Gollock, M.J., Green, J.R., Gustafson, J.A., Guttridge, T.L., Guzman, H.M., Hammerschlag, N., Harman, L., Hazin, F. H.V., Heard, M., Hearn, A.R., Holdsworth, J.C., Holmes, B.J., Howey, L.A., Hoyos, M., Hueter, R.E., Hussey, N.E., Huveneers, C., Irion, D.T., Jacoby, D.M.P., Jewell, O.J.D., Johnson, R., Jordan, L.K.B., Joyce, W., Keating Daly, C.A., Ketchum, J.T., Klimley, A.P., Kock, A.A., Koen, P., Ladino, F., Lana, F.O., Lea, J.S.E., Llewellyn, F., Lyon, W.S., MacDonnell, A., Macena, B.C.L., Marshall, H., McAllister, J.D., Meÿer, M.A., Morris, J.J., Nelson, E.R., Papastamatiou, Y.P., Peñaherrera-Palma, C., Pierce, S.J., Poisson, F., Quintero, L.M., Richardson, A.J., Rogers, P.J., Rohner, C.A., Rowat, D.R.L., Samoilys, M., Semmens, J.M., Sheaves, M., Shillinger, G., Shivji, M., Singh, S., Skomal, G.B., Smale, M.J., Snyders, L.B., Soler, G., Soria, M., Stehfest, K.M., Thorrold, S.R., Tolotti, M.T., Towner, A., Travassos, P., Tyminski, J.P., Vandeperre, F., Vaudo, J.J., Watanabe, Y.Y., Weber, S.B., Wetherbee, B.M., White, T.D., Williams, S., Zárate, P.M., Harcourt, R., Hays, G.C., Meekan, M.G., Thums, M., Irigoien, X., Eguiluz, V.M., Duarte, C.M., Sousa, L.L., Simpson, S.J., Southall, E.J., Sims, D.W., Queiroz, N., Humphries, N.E., Couto, A., Vedor, M., da Costa, I., Sequeira, A.M.M., Mucientes, G., Santos, A.M., Abascal, F.J., Abercrombie, D.L., Abrantes, K., Acuña-Marrero, D., Afonso, A.S., Afonso, P., Anders, D., Araujo, G., Arauz, R., Bach, P., Barnett, A., Bernal, D., Berumen, M.L., Lion, S.B., Bezerra, N.P.A., Blaison, A.V., Block, B.A., Bond, M.E., Bonfil, R., Braun, C.D., Brooks, E.J., Brooks, A., Brown, J., Byrne, M.E., Campana, S.E., Carlisle, A.B., Chapman, D.D., Chapple, T.K., Chisholm, J., Clarke, C.R., Clua, E.G., Cochran, J.E.M., Crochelet, E.C., Dagorn, L., Daly, R., Cortés, D.D., Doyle, T.K., Drew, M., Duffy, C.A.J., Erikson, T., Espinoza, E., Ferreira, L.C., Ferretti, F., Filmalter, J.D., Fischer, G.C., Fitzpatrick, R., Fontes, J., Forget, F., Fowler, M., Francis, M.P., Gallagher, A.J., Gennari, E., Goldsworthy, S.D., Gollock, M.J., Green, J.R., Gustafson, J.A., Guttridge, T.L., Guzman, H.M., Hammerschlag, N., Harman, L., Hazin, F. H.V., Heard, M., Hearn, A.R., Holdsworth, J.C., Holmes, B.J., Howey, L.A., Hoyos, M., Hueter, R.E., Hussey, N.E., Huveneers, C., Irion, D.T., Jacoby, D.M.P., Jewell, O.J.D., Johnson, R., Jordan, L.K.B., Joyce, W., Keating Daly, C.A., Ketchum, J.T., Klimley, A.P., Kock, A.A., Koen, P., Ladino, F., Lana, F.O., Lea, J.S.E., Llewellyn, F., Lyon, W.S., MacDonnell, A., Macena, B.C.L., Marshall, H., McAllister, J.D., Meÿer, M.A., Morris, J.J., Nelson, E.R., Papastamatiou, Y.P., Peñaherrera-Palma, C., Pierce, S.J., Poisson, F., Quintero, L.M., Richardson, A.J., Rogers, P.J., Rohner, C.A., Rowat, D.R.L., Samoilys, M., Semmens, J.M., Sheaves, M., Shillinger, G., Shivji, M., Singh, S., Skomal, G.B., Smale, M.J., Snyders, L.B., Soler, G., Soria, M., Stehfest, K.M., Thorrold, S.R., Tolotti, M.T., Towner, A., Travassos, P., Tyminski, J.P., Vandeperre, F., Vaudo, J.J., Watanabe, Y.Y., Weber, S.B., Wetherbee, B.M., White, T.D., Williams, S., Zárate, P.M., Harcourt, R., Hays, G.C., Meekan, M.G., Thums, M., Irigoien, X., Eguiluz, V.M., Duarte, C.M., Sousa, L.L., Simpson, S.J., Southall, E.J., and Sims, D.W.

Abstract

Our global analysis1 estimated the overlap and fishing exposure risk (FEI) using the space use of satellite-tracked sharks and longline fishing effort monitored by the automatic identification system (AIS)...

Published
2021

14. Social Network Analysis Reveals the Subtle Impacts of Tourist Provisioning on the Social Behavior of a Generalist Marine Apex Predator

Author

Jacoby, D.M.P., Fairbairn, B.S., Frazier, B.S., Gallagher, A.J., Heithaus, M.R., Cooke, S.J., Hammerschlag, N., Jacoby, D.M.P., Fairbairn, B.S., Frazier, B.S., Gallagher, A.J., Heithaus, M.R., Cooke, S.J., and Hammerschlag, N.

Abstract

Shark dive ecotourism is a lucrative industry in many regions around the globe. In some cases, sharks are provisioned using bait, prompting increased research on how baited dives influence shark behavior and yielding mixed results. Effects on patterns of habitat use and movement seemly vary across species and locations. It is unknown, however, whether wide-ranging, marine apex predators respond to provisioning by changing their patterns of grouping or social behavior. We applied a tiered analytical approach (aggregation-gregariousness-social preferences) examining the impact of provisioning on the putative social behavior of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) at a dive tourism location in The Bahamas. Using network inference on three years of acoustic tracking data from 48 sharks, we tested for non-random social structure between non-provisioned and provisioned monitoring sites resulting in 12 distinct networks. Generally considered a solitary nomadic predator, we found evidence of sociality in tiger sharks, which varied spatiotemporally. We documented periods of both random (n = 7 networks) and non-random aggregation (n = 5 networks). Three of five non-random aggregations were at locations unimpacted by provisioning regardless of season, one occurred at an active provisioning site during the dry season and one at the same receivers during the wet season when provision activity is less prevalent. Aggregations lasted longer and occurred more frequently at provisioning sites, where gregariousness was also more variable. While differences in gregariousness among individuals was generally predictive of non-random network structure, individual site preferences, size and sex were not. Within five social preference networks, constructed using generalized affiliation indices, network density was lower at provisioning sites, indicating lower connectivity at these locations. We found no evidence of size assortment on preferences. Our data suggest that sociality may occur natura

Published
2021

15. A review of a decade of lessons from one of the world’s largest MPAs:conservation gains and key challenges

Author

Hays, G.C., Koldewey, H.J., Andrzejaczek, S., Attrill, M.J., Barley, S., Bayley, D.T.I., Benkwitt, C.E., Block, B., Schallert, R.J., Carlisle, A.B., Carr, P., Chapple, T.K., Collins, C., Diaz, C., Dunn, N., Dunbar, R.B., Eager, D.S., Engel, J., Embling, C.B., Esteban, N., Ferretti, F., Foster, N.L., Freeman, R., Gollock, M., Graham, N.A.J., Harris, J.L., Head, C.E.I., Hosegood, P., Howell, K.L., Hussey, N.E., Jacoby, D.M.P., Jones, R., Sannassy Pilly, S., Lange, I.D., Letessier, T.B., Levy, E., Lindhart, M., McDevitt-Irwin, J.M., Meekan, M., Meeuwig, J.J., Micheli, F., Mogg, A.O.M., Mortimer, J.A., Mucciarone, D.A., Nicoll, M.A., Nuno, A., Perry, C.T., Preston, S.G., Rattray, A.J., Robinson, E., Roche, R.C., Schiele, M., Sheehan, E.V., Sheppard, A., Sheppard, C., Smith, A.L., Soule, B., Spalding, M., Stevens, G.M.W., Steyaert, M., Stiffel, S., Taylor, B.M., Tickler, D., Trevail, A.M., Trueba, P., Turner, J., Votier, S., Wilson, B., Williams, G.J., Williamson, B.J., Williamson, M.J., Wood, H., Curnick, D.J., Hays, G.C., Koldewey, H.J., Andrzejaczek, S., Attrill, M.J., Barley, S., Bayley, D.T.I., Benkwitt, C.E., Block, B., Schallert, R.J., Carlisle, A.B., Carr, P., Chapple, T.K., Collins, C., Diaz, C., Dunn, N., Dunbar, R.B., Eager, D.S., Engel, J., Embling, C.B., Esteban, N., Ferretti, F., Foster, N.L., Freeman, R., Gollock, M., Graham, N.A.J., Harris, J.L., Head, C.E.I., Hosegood, P., Howell, K.L., Hussey, N.E., Jacoby, D.M.P., Jones, R., Sannassy Pilly, S., Lange, I.D., Letessier, T.B., Levy, E., Lindhart, M., McDevitt-Irwin, J.M., Meekan, M., Meeuwig, J.J., Micheli, F., Mogg, A.O.M., Mortimer, J.A., Mucciarone, D.A., Nicoll, M.A., Nuno, A., Perry, C.T., Preston, S.G., Rattray, A.J., Robinson, E., Roche, R.C., Schiele, M., Sheehan, E.V., Sheppard, A., Sheppard, C., Smith, A.L., Soule, B., Spalding, M., Stevens, G.M.W., Steyaert, M., Stiffel, S., Taylor, B.M., Tickler, D., Trevail, A.M., Trueba, P., Turner, J., Votier, S., Wilson, B., Williams, G.J., Williamson, B.J., Williamson, M.J., Wood, H., and Curnick, D.J.

Abstract

Given the recent trend towards establishing very large marine protected areas (MPAs) and the high potential of these to contribute to global conservation targets, we review outcomes of the last decade of marine conservation research in the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), one of the largest MPAs in the world. The BIOT MPA consists of the atolls of the Chagos Archipelago, interspersed with and surrounded by deep oceanic waters. Islands around the atoll rims serve as nesting grounds for sea birds. Extensive and diverse shallow and mesophotic reef habitats provide essential habitat and feeding grounds for all marine life, and the absence of local human impacts may improve recovery after coral bleaching events. Census data have shown recent increases in the abundance of sea turtles, high numbers of nesting seabirds and high fish abundance, at least some of which is linked to the lack of recent harvesting. For example, across the archipelago the annual number of green turtle clutches (Chelonia mydas) is ~ 20,500 and increasing and the number of seabirds is ~ 1 million. Animal tracking studies have shown that some taxa breed and/or forage consistently within the MPA (e.g. some reef fishes, elasmobranchs and seabirds), suggesting the MPA has the potential to provide long-term protection. In contrast, post-nesting green turtles travel up to 4000 km to distant foraging sites, so the protected beaches in the Chagos Archipelago provide a nesting sanctuary for individuals that forage across an ocean basin and several geopolitical borders. Surveys using divers and underwater video systems show high habitat diversity and abundant marine life on all trophic levels. For example, coral cover can be as high as 40–50%. Ecological studies are shedding light on how remote ecosystems function, connect to each other and respond to climate-driven stressors compared to other locations that are more locally impacted. However, important threats to this MPA have been identified, particul

Published
2020

16. Global spatial risk assessment of sharks under the footprint of fisheries

Author

Queiroz, N., Humphries, N.E., Couto, A., Vedor, M., da Costa, I., Sequeira, A.M.M., Mucientes, G., Santos, A.M., Abascal, F.J., Abercrombie, D.L., Abrantes, K., Acuña-Marrero, D., Afonso, A.S., Afonso, P., Anders, D., Araujo, G., Arauz, R., Bach, P., Barnett, A., Bernal, D., Berumen, M.L., Bessudo Lion, S., Bezerra, N.P.A., Blaison, A.V., Block, B.A., Bond, M.E., Bonfil, R., Bradford, R.W., Braun, C.D., Brooks, E.J., Brooks, A., Brown, J., Bruce, B.D., Byrne, M.E., Campana, S.E., Carlisle, A.B., Chapman, D.D., Chapple, T.K., Chisholm, J., Clarke, C.R., Clua, E.G., Cochran, J.E.M., Crochelet, E.C., Dagorn, L., Daly, R., Cortés, D.D., Doyle, T.K., Drew, M., Duffy, C.A.J., Erikson, T., Espinoza, E., Ferreira, L.C., Ferretti, F., Filmalter, J.D., Fischer, G.C., Fitzpatrick, R., Fontes, J., Forget, F., Fowler, M., Francis, M.P., Gallagher, A.J., Gennari, E., Goldsworthy, S.D., Gollock, M.J., Green, J.R., Gustafson, J.A., Guttridge, T.L., Guzman, H.M., Hammerschlag, N., Harman, L., Hazin, F.H.V., Heard, M., Hearn, A.R., Holdsworth, J.C., Holmes, B.J., Howey, L.A., Hoyos, M., Hueter, R.E., Hussey, N.E., Huveneers, C., Irion, D.T., Jacoby, D.M.P., Jewell, O.J.D., Johnson, R., Jordan, L.K.B., Jorgensen, S.J., Joyce, W., Keating Daly, C.A., Ketchum, J.T., Klimley, A.P., Kock, A.A., Koen, P., Ladino, F., Lana, F.O., Lea, J.S.E., Llewellyn, F., Lyon, W.S., MacDonnell, A., Macena, B.C.L., Marshall, H., McAllister, J.D., McAuley, R., Meÿer, M.A., Morris, J.J., Nelson, E.R., Papastamatiou, Y.P., Patterson, T.A., Peñaherrera-Palma, C., Pepperell, J.G., Pierce, S.J., Poisson, F., Quintero, L.M., Richardson, A.J., Rogers, P.J., Rohner, C.A., Rowat, D.R.L., Samoilys, M., Semmens, J.M., Sheaves, M., Shillinger, G., Shivji, M., Singh, S., Skomal, G.B., Smale, M.J., Snyders, L.B., Soler, G., Soria, M., Stehfest, K.M., Stevens, J.D., Thorrold, S.R., Tolotti, M.T., Towner, A., Travassos, P., Tyminski, J.P., Vandeperre, F., Vaudo, J.J., Watanabe, Y.Y., Weber, S.B., Wetherbee, B.M., White, T.D., Williams, S., Zárate, P.M., Harcourt, R., Hays, G.C., Meekan, M.G., Thums, M., Irigoien, X., Eguíluz, V.M., Duarte, C.M., Sousa, L.L., Simpson, S.J., Southall, E.J., Sims, D.W., Queiroz, N., Humphries, N.E., Couto, A., Vedor, M., da Costa, I., Sequeira, A.M.M., Mucientes, G., Santos, A.M., Abascal, F.J., Abercrombie, D.L., Abrantes, K., Acuña-Marrero, D., Afonso, A.S., Afonso, P., Anders, D., Araujo, G., Arauz, R., Bach, P., Barnett, A., Bernal, D., Berumen, M.L., Bessudo Lion, S., Bezerra, N.P.A., Blaison, A.V., Block, B.A., Bond, M.E., Bonfil, R., Bradford, R.W., Braun, C.D., Brooks, E.J., Brooks, A., Brown, J., Bruce, B.D., Byrne, M.E., Campana, S.E., Carlisle, A.B., Chapman, D.D., Chapple, T.K., Chisholm, J., Clarke, C.R., Clua, E.G., Cochran, J.E.M., Crochelet, E.C., Dagorn, L., Daly, R., Cortés, D.D., Doyle, T.K., Drew, M., Duffy, C.A.J., Erikson, T., Espinoza, E., Ferreira, L.C., Ferretti, F., Filmalter, J.D., Fischer, G.C., Fitzpatrick, R., Fontes, J., Forget, F., Fowler, M., Francis, M.P., Gallagher, A.J., Gennari, E., Goldsworthy, S.D., Gollock, M.J., Green, J.R., Gustafson, J.A., Guttridge, T.L., Guzman, H.M., Hammerschlag, N., Harman, L., Hazin, F.H.V., Heard, M., Hearn, A.R., Holdsworth, J.C., Holmes, B.J., Howey, L.A., Hoyos, M., Hueter, R.E., Hussey, N.E., Huveneers, C., Irion, D.T., Jacoby, D.M.P., Jewell, O.J.D., Johnson, R., Jordan, L.K.B., Jorgensen, S.J., Joyce, W., Keating Daly, C.A., Ketchum, J.T., Klimley, A.P., Kock, A.A., Koen, P., Ladino, F., Lana, F.O., Lea, J.S.E., Llewellyn, F., Lyon, W.S., MacDonnell, A., Macena, B.C.L., Marshall, H., McAllister, J.D., McAuley, R., Meÿer, M.A., Morris, J.J., Nelson, E.R., Papastamatiou, Y.P., Patterson, T.A., Peñaherrera-Palma, C., Pepperell, J.G., Pierce, S.J., Poisson, F., Quintero, L.M., Richardson, A.J., Rogers, P.J., Rohner, C.A., Rowat, D.R.L., Samoilys, M., Semmens, J.M., Sheaves, M., Shillinger, G., Shivji, M., Singh, S., Skomal, G.B., Smale, M.J., Snyders, L.B., Soler, G., Soria, M., Stehfest, K.M., Stevens, J.D., Thorrold, S.R., Tolotti, M.T., Towner, A., Travassos, P., Tyminski, J.P., Vandeperre, F., Vaudo, J.J., Watanabe, Y.Y., Weber, S.B., Wetherbee, B.M., White, T.D., Williams, S., Zárate, P.M., Harcourt, R., Hays, G.C., Meekan, M.G., Thums, M., Irigoien, X., Eguíluz, V.M., Duarte, C.M., Sousa, L.L., Simpson, S.J., Southall, E.J., and Sims, D.W.

Abstract

Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis affecting humans and a wide range of domesticated and wild animal species. An important element for effective disease containment is to improve knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of afflicted communities. This study aimed to assess the KAP related to brucellosis at the human–animal interface in an endemic area of Egypt and to identify the risk factors for human infection. A matched case–control study was conducted at the central fever hospitals located in six governorates in northern Egypt. Face‐to‐face interviews with cases and controls were conducted using a structured questionnaire. In total, 40.7% of the participants owned farm animals in their households. The overall mean practice score regarding animal husbandry, processing and consumption of milk and dairy products were significantly lower among cases compared with controls (−12.7 ± 18.1 vs. 0.68 ± 14.2, respectively; p < .001). Perceived barriers for notification of animal infection/abortion were predominate among cases and positively correlated with participants’ education. The predictors of having brucellosis infection were consumption of unpasteurized milk or raw dairy products and practicing animal husbandry. Applying protective measures against infection significantly reduced its risk. A model predicting risk factors for brucellosis among those who own animal showed that frequent abortions per animal increased the chance for brucellosis infection among human cases by 50‐fold (95% CI: 8.8–276.9), whereas the use of protective measures in animal care reduced the odds (OR = 0.11 [95% CI: 0.03–0.45]). In conclusion, consumption of unprocessed dairy products was equally important as contact with infected/aborted animals as major risk factors for Brucella spp. infection among humans in Egypt. There is poor knowledge, negative attitudes and risky behaviours among villagers which can perpetuate the risk of brucellosis transmission at the human–animal interface.

Published
2019

17. Environmental DNA (eDNA) for monitoring marine mammals: Challenges and opportunities

Author

Suarez-Bregua, P. (Paula), Álvarez-González, M. (Miguel), Parsons, K.M. (Kim Michelle), Rotllant, J. (Josep), Pierce, G.J. (Graham John), Saavedra, C. (Camilo), and Jacoby, D.M.P. (David M.P.)

Subjects
Primers, monitoring, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, assessment, Marine mammals, conservation, Environmental monitoring, DNA, Medio Marino, eDNA, environmental DNA
Abstract

Monitoring marine mammal populations is essential to permit assessment of population status as required by both national and international legislation. Traditional monitoring methods often rely on visual and/or acoustic detections from vessels and aircraft, but limitations including cost, errors in the detection of some species and dependence on taxonomic expertise, as well as good weather and visibility conditions often limit the temporal and spatial scale of effective, long-term monitoring programs. In recent years, environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a revolutionary tool for cost-effective, sensitive, noninvasive species monitoring in both terrestrial and aquatic realms. eDNA is a rapidly developing field and a growing number of studies have successfully implemented this approach for the detection and identification of marine mammals. Here, we review 21 studies published between 2012 and 2021 that employed eDNA for marine mammal monitoring including single species detection, biodiversity assessment and genetic characterization. eDNA has successfully been used to infer species presence (especially useful for rare, elusive or threatened species) and to characterize the population genetic structure, although additional research is needed to support the interpretation of non-detections. Finally, we discuss the challenges and the opportunities that eDNA could bring to marine mammal monitoring as a complementary tool to support visual and acoustic methods.

Published
2022

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results