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Formal diabetes self-management education (DSME) improves glycemic control. Yet, many patients referred to DSME do not attend. This study examined differences between patients referred to DSME who attended class (PA) and those who did not (PN) to assess factors that might be associated with attendance. Methods: The study was conducted at an urban safety net hospital over two months. Phone interviews (128) were conducted with a convenience sample of patients after the scheduled DSME class (43 PA and 85 PN) to assess reason for attendance or not. Medical records supplied data on demographics, insurance status, and co-morbidities. Results: DSME overall attendance was 32% of 197. While obesity was associated with increased likelihood of attendance (OR 2.67, P < .05), overall disease burden was not. Attendance did not differ by age, sex, diabetes duration, insurance status, or A1c. PA and PN reported similar reasons for planning to attend (general knowledge, 36%; “told to”, 32%; dietary information, 24%). Primary reasons for not attending were time conflicts (31%), poor health (24%), lack of perceived need (24%), and transportation (22%). Excluding those PN who denied perceived need for DSME, 64% of PN wanted to reschedule. Thus, lack of attendance may be related more to barriers than lack of interest. PN wanting knowledge were more likely (OR 6.7 p< 0.001) to want to reschedule and those just “told to” go (OR 0.24 p< 0.05) or felt no need (OR 0.15 p< 0.05) were less likely to reschedule. Conclusions: Addressing both external and internal factors should improve DSME attendance. Flexible/negotiated scheduling, greater variety of class times/locations, ease of rescheduling, and access to alternative transportation options may address external barriers. To address perception of a lack of need for DSME, additional strategies such as clear communication of DSME benefits by clinical providers are needed to enhance attendance. Disclosure R. Wolf: None. C.S. Barnes: None. J. Caudle: None. S.G. Krishnapura: None. J.L. Dupont: None. R.J. Crawford: None. P.L. Dickerson: None. D.C. Ziemer: None.

As a matter of new policy, Nutrition Reviews will include an occasional biographic article on a distinguished nutritionist whose work has had exceptional public health impact. The first to be so honored is Hazel Stiebeling, who truly put Nutrition Science to work for better everyday living. The Editors

a period of intensive skirmishing and skillful diplomacy had finally resulted in the appropriation (6). Dr. Atwater, already the Director of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, was appointed as Chief of Nutrition Investigations in the USDA’s Office of Experiment Stations. In the 10 y that Atwater headed the program, he coordinated or conducted work in 4 areas: types and amounts of foods consumed by different groups; chemical composition of foods; effects of cooking and food processing on nutritional quality; and amounts and types of nutrients people need to function at their best. These accomplishments led to his accoladeasthe‘‘FatherofNutritionScience’’intheUnitedStates. The human nutrition investigations were moved to Washington, DC, when Atwater retired in 1906 and the laboratory was put into the Office of Home Economics. The scientifically distinguished record proceeded in synchrony through the succeeding decades with discoveries of the vitamins and essential mineral elements. The energy metabolism work at the USDA was the lead in the nutrition field, but important work on human requirements for essential fatty acids, vitamin G (which became riboflavin), vitamin A requirements of adults, and human utilization of calcium from spinach also was accomplished.

SUMMARY Total lipids, lipid phosphorus, and total polyenes extracted from mullet tissues with chloroform-methanol show a progressive decrease in oxidizing mullet tissue. Thiobarbituric acid values from chloroform-methanol extracts of oxidized tissues are approx 30–50% of those obtained from the unextracted tissue. Much of the TBA-reactive material becomes concentrated in the inter-facial fluff during the washing of such extracts. Chloroform alone extracts only about 10% of the TBA-reactive material.