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There are many entities that cause patients to experience near vision or reading problems including accommodative dysfunctions. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of accommodati...

(1997). Accommodation and Accommodative Esotropia: Where Mysteries Abound. American Orthoptic Journal: Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 60-71.

To determine the prevalence of ocular motility defects following placement of a Krupin valve with disk and adjunctive mitomycin-C in glaucoma patients, a retrospective case series of all patients receiving a Krupin valve with disk and intraoperative mitomycin-C in a university-based referral practice was conducted. Each of the seven consecutive patients undergoing placement of a Krupin valve with disk in one eye because of uncontrolled glaucoma, developed significant primary position heterotropia or limitation of ocular rotations. One patient had significant postoperative diplopia. We conclude that the Krupin valve with disk used with intraoperative mitomycin-C can be associated with the development of ocular motility defects. The limitation of rotations appears to relate to the combined mechanisms of implant and cyst bulk and the displacement of the oculorotary muscles by the encapsulating cyst.

The treatment approach of a patient with exotropia is based in part on the findings of the motor evaluation. Our current understanding of the role of the far distance measurement, determination of ...

The technique of inducing a deviation with a prism to aid the observation of a patient's binocular fixation pattern has been said to identify patients with amblyopia and to differentiate amblyopia ...

Penalization of the dominant eye in the treatment of amblyopia can be achieved medically by using cycloplegics (e.g. atropine) and refractively, by increasing the plus correction of the lens for th...

The Worth 4 Dot Test was introduced by Claude Worth in 1903 as a test measuring binocularity. Hardy, in 1937, incorporated the lights of Worth into a hand-held flashlight. Further modifications wer...

(1986). Scaling of Visual Acuity—Applying a Logarithmic Scale. American Orthoptic Journal: Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 11-13.

A summary of the diagnostic signs of the nystagmus compensation syndrome have been presented. A brief description of the present regimens of therapy is also included.

Strabismus was present in 40% of patients with cataracts/dislocated lenses at the time of initial diagnosis and continued to present an obstacle to complete rehabilitation with 86% of the congenital patients and 61% of the acquired patients found to have strabismus at their latest post therapy visits. The type of horizontal deviation found at the initial examinations was distributed equally between esotropia and exotropia in the unilateral congenital cataracts patients. However, all of our patients with strabismus and bilateral congenital cataracts were esotropic. The acquired group was heavily weighted toward the exodeviations at the time of the initial examination and during treatment showed an even greater percentage of exotropia. Visual acuity results in the various groups followed perhaps the expected trends with the poorest results in the unilateral congenital cataract patients. Those patients in the acquired groups have better visual results with 56% of the traumatic and 83% of the non-traumatic eyes achieving vision of 20/70 or better. Despite the high incidence of strabismus present in these patients, we feel this should in no way be a deterent to the decision to initiate therapy as it does not seem to relate to visual acuity results. The overall good visual results in these patients justifies the approach of early surgery, adequate correction, and vigorous occlusion.