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Les bibliothèques offrent à lire, et pas seulement leurs collections. Toute personne, usager actif ou non, rencontre dans la bibliothèque bien d’autres messages que ceux véhiculés par les livres : guides d’orientation, cartes de lecteur, éléments de signalétique, logos, affichage informatif, bibliographies, etc. Cette floraison de documents produits par la bibliothèque témoigne d’une volonté constante des professionnels : établir un lien avec le public, le séduire, le guider, l’alerter, l’informer voire le former. Mais cette médiation par l’écrit est parfois très improvisée, au risque de ne pas atteindre ses objectifs. Concevoir des documents de communication à l’intention du public répond à la fois à une stratégie d’ensemble et à des impératifs techniques précis. C’est ce que Marielle de Miribel, enseignante à Médiadix, propose de démontrer dans ce volume, avec le concours de nombreux spécialistes.

The hydroxycinnamic acid scaffold is extremely versatile with various biological activities. This review will highlight the progress of the biological activities of hydroxycinnamic acids and their related synthetic analogs, including recently reported anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities.

This blog discusses price instruments in fishery regulation to ensure sustainability of fishery resources. We focus on economic instruments and price-based instruments including tax policies in fisheries and fishery subsidies in particular.

La décision politique, les partenaires L’ouverture dominicale des médiathèques est un choix politique : les horaires sont liés à la politique de service public, c'est-à-dire à une analyse des besoins et des attentes des populations, à une définition volontariste d’offre de services nouveaux. Mais ce choix n’est réalisable qu’à condition que les moyens soient cohérents avec les ambitions, et qu’il ne se fasse pas au détriment des agents (nombre d’agents, rémunérations, conditions de travail…)....

Ouvrir, oui mais quand? Matin, midi et soir? Le dimanche? Comment élargir les horaires d'ouverture, quels sont les obstacles à franchir? Comment construire un tel projet, le porter et le mettre en œuvre? La France dispose aujourd’hui d’un des réseaux de bibliothèques les plus développés d’Europe. Toutefois, depuis quelques années, la stagnation du nombre de lecteurs inscrits oblige à une réflexion sur son évolution. Parmi les causes de cette progressive désaffection figure la question des horaires d’ouverture qui, paradoxalement, n’a pas accompagné cette modernisation qui suppose un accueil élargi à tous les publics. La résolution de ce paradoxe appelle une réflexion sur le rôle social de la bibliothèque, aussi important que son rôle éducatif et culturel. Prendre en compte les nouveaux modes de vie du public, resituer la vraie place de la bibliothèque dans la ville ou sur le campus, harmoniser l’utilisation de l’espace par les usagers avec leur disponibilité dans le temps, répondre concrètement aux nouvelles attentes des différents publics, renouveler les pratiques professionnelles en direction du public, tels sont les thèmes évoqués dans cet ouvrage.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death amongst women worldwide. As a result, many have turned their attention to new alternative approaches to treat this disease. Caffeic acid phenylethyl ester (CAPE), a well-known active compound from bee propolis, has been previously identified as a strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anticancer molecule. In fact, CAPE is well documented as inducing cell death by inhibiting NFκB and by inducing pro-apoptotic pathways (i.e., p53). With the objective of developing stronger anticancer compounds, we studied 18 recently described CAPE derivatives for their ability to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines. Five of the said compounds, including CAPE, were selected and subsequently characterised for their anticancer mechanism of action. We validated that CAPE is a potent inducer of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Interestingly, some newly synthesized CAPE derivatives also showed greater cell death activity than the lead CAPE structure. Similarly to CAPE, analog compounds elicited p53 activation. Interestingly, one compound in particular, analog 10, induced apoptosis in a p53-mutated cell line. These results suggest that our new CAPE analog compounds may display the capacity to induce breast cancer apoptosis in a p53-dependent and/or independent manner. These CAPE analogs could thus provide new therapeutic approaches for patients with varying genotypic signatures (such as p53 mutations) in a more specific and targeted fashion.

Given the hepatotoxicity and an unfavorable pharmacokinetic profile of zileuton (Zyflo® ), currently the only approved and clinically used 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor, the search for potent and safe 5-LO inhibitors is highly demanded. The action of several phenolic acid phenethyl esters as potential 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitors has been investigated. For this purpose, a series of 14 phenethyl esters was synthesized and their impact on 5-LO inhibition was evaluated. The effects of position and number of hydroxyl and methoxy groups on the phenolic acid were investigated. The shortening of the linker between the carbonyl and the catechol moiety as well as the presence of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group was also explored. The sinapic acid phenethyl ester (10), which can be named SAPE (10) by analogy to caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), inhibited 5-LO in a concentration-dependent manner and outperformed both zileuton (1) and CAPE (2). With an IC50 of 0.3 μm, SAPE (10) was threefold more potent than CAPE (2) and 10-fold more potent than zileuton (1), the only 5-LO inhibitor approved for clinical use. Unlike CAPE (2), SAPE (10) had no effect on 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) and less effect on cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) which makes it a more selective 5-LO inhibitor.

Two novel boron compounds containing caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) derivatives have been prepared and characterized fully. These new compounds and CAPE have been investigated for potential antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and their ability to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase and whether chelation to boron improves their biological activity. Sodium salt 4 was generally more active than ammonium salt 5 in the biological assays and surpassed the radical scavenging ability of CAPE. Compounds 4 and 5 were more active than CAPE and Zileuton in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These results clearly show the effectiveness of the synthesized salts as transporter of CAPE.

Leukotrienes (LTs) are a class of lipid mediators implicated in numerous inflammatory disorders. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) possesses potent anti-LTs activity through the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of LTs. In this study, we describe the design and synthesis of CAPE analogs as radical scavengers and 5-LO inhibitors. Caffeic esters bearing propargyl and allyl linkers between the caffeoyl and aryl moieties (4a-i and 5a-i, respectively) were synthesized by Sonogashira and Heck cross-coupling reactions to probe the effects of flexibility and aryl substitution on 5-LO inhibition. Caffeoyl alcohol and ethers (6, 7a-b) as well as caffeoyl aldehyde and ketones (8a-e) were synthesized to elucidate the importance of the ester linkage for inhibitory activity. All tested compounds proved to be good radical scavengers (IC50 of 10-30 μm). After preliminary anti-LTs activity screening in HEK293 cell models, 5-LO inhibition potential of selected compounds was determined in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). Most screened compounds outperformed CAPE 3 in concentration-dependent assays on PMNL, with ester dimers 4i and 5i along with caffeoyl ethers 7a-b being roughly eight-, seven-, and 16-fold more potent than Zileuton, with IC50 values of 0.36, 0.43, and 0.18 μm, respectively.