103 results on '"Jacques Saury"'
Search Results
2. Favoriser l’engagement moteur des élèves en éducation sportive et physique : les effets des usages du temps mesurés en première et en troisième personne
- Author
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Oriane Petiot and Jacques Saury
- Subjects
sports and education physical ,school time and rhythm ,Education - Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effects of the teacher's “use of time” (Chopin, 2010) on the student motor engagement in PE. First, we adopted a “first person” approach, filming an expert EPS teacher during the first PE unit of the year (seven volley-ball lessons) in front of high school students, then we realized with him a self-confrontation interview after each lesson. Second, we tested the teacher’s point of view by adopting a "third person" approach, consisting of measuring the quantitative and qualitative engagement of students from an observable point of view. The “first person” approach revealed four categories of use of time by the teacher. The main were: “Pressing students to limit wasted time” and “Boosting student engagement in volleyball”. The teacher sometimes perceived positive effects of his use of on the students motor engagement, and sometimes a lack of effects, especially when their engagement wasn’t dynamic. According to the "third person" approach, the students motor engagement time increased significantly over the lessons. However, these positive effects of the teacher's use of time were erratic and variable. There were convergences and divergences between the effects perceived by the teacher and the observed effects. These results are discussed in terms of their theoretical interests and their contributions to teaching.
- Published
- 2021
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3. Équipements sportifs innovants et développement d’une culture technique. L’exemple de la navigation sur des voiliers « volants »
- Author
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Éric Terrien, Benoît Huet, and Jacques Saury
- Subjects
sport ,sailing ,hydrofoils ,technical culture ,course of action ,Psychology ,BF1-990 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Technological innovations contribute to developments in the technical culture of sports. The current field of competitive sailing provides an opportunity to study the development of a technical culture linked to the spread of an innovation in equipment – that of “hydrofoils”, which allow sailboats to “fly” over the water. The objectives of this study were to investigate: (i) the nature and structure of the knowledge of “pioneering” hydrofoil sailors, in relation to the question of flight stability management and control, and (ii) the development of a technical culture specific to hydrofoil sailing. We conducted “experience sharing” interviews with 12 participants recognized for their involvement in the practice or teaching of hydrofoil sailing. The analysis consisted in identifying typical experiences related to flight stability recognition and control, and in the categorization and inter-linking of explanatory elements on flight stability states, from the point of view of the participants’ knowledge. These two sides of the analysis helped to apprehend the emergence of a shared culture within the group of participants. Our results suggest the development of a technical culture of hydrofoil sailing that integrates to a greater extent the emotional dimension of this practice, and highlight the crew's incorporation into a boat that presents the characteristics of an autonomous system.
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- 2020
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4. L’inclusion scolaire des élèves en situation de handicap au Burundi : ressources et obstacles du point de vue des acteurs du système éducatif
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Josias Ndikumasabo, Agathe Evin, and Jacques Saury
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Burundi ,handicap and learning disabilities ,educational inclusion and exclusion ,education policies ,student-teacher relations and interactions ,philosophy of education ,Education - Abstract
The purpose of this exploratory and comprehensive study is to assess the barriers and opportunities to the implementation of the policy of school inclusion of the children with disabilities in Burundi from the point of view from different actors involved directly in this policy. It was conducted in reference to the Grounded Theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1990). The results reveal four major barriers: (a) limits of the possibilities of educational system of Burundi to welcome all children; (b) incompatibility of the educational practices in front of pupils with disabilities;(c) limits of the burundian government policy to implement the right of education; (d) representations and stigmatizing faiths against children with disabilities. However, the results also highlight two already available resources: (a) educational initiatives favoring the inclusion, and (b) vectors in favour of the implementation of an inclusive pedagogy. Furthermore, the results show conditions associated to the success of an inclusive education especially human resources and school environment which are required to implement an inclusive education.
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- 2018
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5. L’histoire collective comme notion descriptive pour l’analyse de l’activité d’élèves engagés dans des situations de coopération en Education Physique
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Agathe Evin, Carole Sève, and Jacques Saury
- Subjects
collective activity ,collective meaningful stories ,cooperation ,physical education ,course of action ,Psychology ,BF1-990 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the collective activity of students engaged in cooperative situations in Physical Education (PE) to take account of how they lived and enjoyed their experience of cooperation. We used the notion of collective meaningful story to describe and to characterize the phenomena underlying the cooperation between students. Three students and their teacher were volunteers to participate in this study. Their activity was studied in situ during a circus unit of seven lessons. This study was carried out in accordance with the assumptions of the “Course of action” scientific program (Theureau, 2006). The results show, in the first part, typical categories of collective meaningful stories and the characteristics relating to the temporal arrangement of stories in the units. We identified three characteristics: (a) the diversity of temporal spans, (b) the continuous or discontinuous nature of collective meaningful story development, and (c) patterns of collective meaningful stories. The third part presents a case study which reports on the dynamic of collective meaningful story development during the unit. These results contribute to the understanding of cooperation and provide input for the design of original cooperative learning structures.
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- 2015
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6. Relações fecundas entre pesquisa e formação docente: elementos para um programa Productive relationships between research and teacher: qualification elements for a program
- Author
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Marc Durand, Jacques Saury, and Philippe Veyrunes
- Subjects
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES ,PESQUISA EDUCACIONAL ,ERGONOMIA ,INSTITUTO UNIVERSITÁRIO DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES (FRANÇA) ,TEACHER EDUCATION ,EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ,ERGONOMICS ,INSTITUT UNIVERSITAIRE DE FORMATION DE MAÎTRES (FRANCE) ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 - Abstract
Este artigo propõe, na primeira parte, uma reflexão baseada nas dificuldades encontradas no âmbito dos Institutos Universitários de Formação de Professores - IUFMs -, na França, para articular de maneira eficaz os resultados da pesquisa em educação e formação com as práticas de formação docente. Nossa hipótese é que essas dificuldades referem-se a uma oposição entre aquilo que denominamos uma "epistemologia dos saberes" e uma "epistemologia da ação", o que se concretiza na concepção, organização e administração dos IUFMs. Essas duas epistemologias são em seguida comparadas, a fim de ilustrar algumas das aporias que persistem no exercício profissional e na formação e nas suas relações com a pesquisa e com os resultados desta. Na segunda parte, voltada para a apresentação de uma abordagem denominada ergonomia/formação, o artigo mostra que as dificuldades simétricas observadas por essas duas epistemologias poderiam ser parcialmente reposicionadas a partir de uma análise do trabalho e sobretudo do desenvolvimento do trabalho nas questões de formação e de pesquisa. Na seqüência, apresenta-se esse programa de ergonomia/formação a partir de um complexo que articula opões de ordem ética, ontológica e epistemológica, acreditando-se que ele pode contribuir para reconciliar os componentes acadêmicos e profissionais das formações e satisfazer ao mesmo tempo as exigências que são pertinentes à prática e ao rigor científico.On its first part, this article proposes a reflection based on the difficulties found within University Institutes for Teacher Qualification - IUFMs - ,in France, to efficiently articulate the results of education and qualification research with the practices of teacher qualification. Our assumption is that these difficulties refer to an opposition between what we call an "epistemology of knowledge" and "an epistemology of action", which is concretized in the conception, organization, and administration of IUFMs. These two epistemologies are then compared in order to illustrate some of the recurrent aporias of the professional exercise and in the qualification and its relationship with research and its results. On its second part, aimed at presenting an approach called ergonomics/qualification, this article demonstrates that the symmetric difficulties observed by these two epistemologies could be partially repositioned by means of an analysis of the work, and especially of the development of work on the issues of qualification and research. Following, this ergonomics/qualification program is presented from a complex that articulates options in the ethical, ontological, and epistemological spheres, and which is believed to contribute to reconcile the academic and professional components of education and satisfy the demands concerning both practice and scientific rigor.
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- 2005
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7. Activité de l’enseignant et dynamique coopérative au sein de dyades d’élèves. Une étude de cas dans des tâches d’escalade en Education Physique
- Author
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Agathe Evin, Carole Sève, and Jacques Saury
- Subjects
analysis of professional practice ,sports and education physical ,student-teacher relations and interactions ,organization and functioning of the establishments ,Education - Abstract
This study analyzed how the teacher’s interventions influence cooperation between students in dyads in climbing. It was especially aimed to identify and characterize (a) the typical situations where the teacher’s activity was meaningful for one and/or the two students in the dyad, and (b) the effects of the teacher’s activity on the students’ cooperative activity. This study was carried out referring to the “course of action” theoretical and methodological framework (Theureau, 2006). The results showed five typical situations in which the teacher’s activity was meaningful for the students and two kinds of effects of the teacher’s activity on cooperation: “positive effects”, facilitation of cooperation between students thanks to development of their trust in the skills and the reliability of their partner’s activity, and “negative effects”, harmful to the cooperation. These effects are interpreted in relation to two influence processes respectively qualified ‘validation process” and “invalidation process’ of students’ action by the teacher.
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- 2013
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8. Coordination interindividuelle et performance en aviron
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Jacques Saury, Antoine Nordez, and Carole Sève
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sport ,team performance ,rowing ,interpersonal coordination ,course of experience ,course of information ,Psychology ,BF1-990 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the phenomena associated with coordination between a crew of rowers during a race by confronting an analysis of the rowers’ courses of experience and an analysis of correlative mechanical parameters of their activity during the race. It was designed (a) to acquire a better understanding of performance and to optimize the rowers’ training, and (b) to explore the usefulness of a method that describes the processes of coordination at both significant and non-significant levels for the actors. Two female crews volunteered to participate in the study. Their activity was studied in situ during two time trials, relating to the theoretical and methodological framework of the course of action (Theureau, 2006). Mechanical measurements were collected, enabling a set of parameters on the rowers’ performance and coordination to be calculated. The results are presented in two parts. The first describes the significant phenomena for the rowers related to their coordination. Three phenomena were highlighted: (a) a particular sensitivity to their state of coordination, (b) a recurring interpretation of their partners’ activity, and (c) four typical ways of making mutual adjustments. In the second part, a case study analyses one specific moment in a race, experienced by the rowers as a malfunctioning of their coordination, by confronting analyses of the rowers’ courses of experience and mechanical parameters. These findings are discussed at three levels, answering the empirical, methodological and practical aims of the study.
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- 2010
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9. Caractérisation des modes de coordination interpersonnelle au sein d’une équipe de basket-ball
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Jérôme Bourbousson, Germain Poizat, Jacques Saury, and Carole Sève
- Subjects
team activity ,interpersonal coordination ,basketball ,team ,course of action ,Psychology ,BF1-990 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
The aim of our study was to analyze the construction of a collective activity. We focused on interpersonal coordination process within a basket-ball team during a match. We characterized the way how basketball players took mutually into account their respective activities. In order to consider in the same time both units of analysis, the individual one and the collective one, this study referred to the framework of the course of action theory (Theureau, 2006). Results allowed us to specify the relational network between players, the various coordination modes between two players and the different forms of team coordination. These results are discussed with regard to the nature of interactions within the team, and with regard to the notion of a collective action plan: they highlighted that some collective activity construction modalities are based on local overlapping coordination. These results thus question the status of a collective plan (as a scheme shared by all the players).
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- 2008
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10. Un programme de recherche articulant analyse de l’activité en situation et conception d’aides à la performance : un exemple en entraînement sportif de haut niveau
- Author
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Carole Sève, Germain Poizat, Jacques Saury, and Marc Durand
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activity analysis ,table tennis ,training ,competition ,course of action ,Psychology ,BF1-990 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
This article presents an original program that combines research and This article presents an original program that combines research and training development. Between 1997 and 2002, several studies of the activity of expert table tennis players during matches were carried out within the framework of course-of-action theory (Theureau, 1992, 2004). These studies had been formally agreed on by coaches, athletes and researchers and responded to both sports needs and scientific interests. Matches were videotaped during international meetings and followed by self-confrontation interviews during which the players described and commented on their activity as they viewed the tapes. A grounded theory of players’ activity resulted from the data collected and the ensuing theoretical issues that were raised. This theory focuses on the three modes of players’ involvement identified in the studies: exploration, execution and deception. The findings on table tennis players’ activity led to questions about some of the usual practices of coaches and pointed to a new direction for training proposals.
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- 2006
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11. Exploring the Interplay Between Humans and Sports Equipment in the Quest for Performance.
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Eric Terrien, Benoit Huet, and Jacques Saury
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- 2023
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12. Les apports mutuels du Cours d’Action et de la Cognition Distribuée à la compréhension des interactions inter‑espèces : le cas d’une relation singulière écuyer‑sauteur
- Author
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Marine Leblanc, Benoît Huet, and Jacques Saury
- Subjects
course of action ,distributed cognition ,human-animal interactions ,sensorimotor empathy ,cultural practice ,Psychology ,BF1-990 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
The aim of this article is to test the fruitfulness of bringing together two research programmes, Course of Action (PRCA) and Distributed Cognition (PRCD), for the study of human-animal interactions. This development of the PRCA towards an “augmented PRCA” aims to raise new research questions, linked to the integration of animal activities and human-animal interactions in the field of practice analysis. This article makes an empirical contribution to the development of this program by analyzing human-horse communication, in particular the interactions between Cadre Noir écuyers and sauteur horses. To study interspecies interactions, we use several theoretical concepts from these two research programs: cultural practice, mutual appropriation-action, and another concept already explored in previous work, namely sensorimotor empathy. We argue that the cultural practice of airs above the ground, shared by the écuyer and the sauteur, is both a condition and a result of sensorimotor empathy, which develops through a process of mutual appropriation-action. This study confirms the relevance of an “augmented” PRCA to account for animal activities and interspecies interactions, and contributes to a better understanding of the latter. It opens up prospects for new empirical studies to be carried out that highlight the development of mutual sensorimotor empathy within other shared cultural practices between humans and animals.
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13. 'Contact' as a Manifestation of Sensorimotor Empathy: The Experience of Expert Écuyers in Interaction with Horses
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Marine Leblanc, Benoît Huet, and Jacques Saury
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Philosophy ,Artificial Intelligence ,Psychology (miscellaneous) ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Chemero's concept of sensorimotor empathy offers a relevant introduction to the study of human/non-human relationships. This article proposes an empirical characterization of this phenomenon occurring in human–horse interactions through the notion of 'contact', which is a core concept in the technical tradition of the equestrian world. According to the assumptions of 4E cognition, we approach the notion of contact with a broader meaning than how it is usually defined, i.e.as the connection of the rider's hand with the horse's mouth. We state that contact involves the whole body and that it is not a passive touch but a dynamic one. Contact is intersubjective, meaning that its quality depends on the two agents of the interaction: the human and the horse. Within such an interaction, sensorimotor empathy allows the human and the horse to understand through the body and to fine-tune with each other to bring about 'good contact'.
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- 2022
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14. Navigation in outdoor environments as an embodied, social, cultural, and situated experience: An empirical study of orienteering.
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Martin Mottet, David W. Eccles, and Jacques Saury
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- 2016
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15. Documenting and analyzing pre-reflective self-consciousness underlying ongoing performance optimization in elite athletes. The theoretical and methodological approach of the course-of-experience framework
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Eric Terrien, Benoit Huet, Paul Iachkine, and Jacques Saury
- Abstract
Traditional theories of motor learning emphasize the automaticity of skillful actions. However, recent research has questioned this principle of automaticity by emphasizing the role of pre-reflective self-consciousness accompanying athletes’ unfolding activity. Yet empirical documentation and analysis of athletes’ pre-reflective self-consciousness are associated with epistemological discussion and methodological challenges. In the present paper, we present the course-of-experience framework as a means of studying elite athletes’ pre-reflective self-consciousness in the unfolding activity of performance optimization. We carried out a synthetic presentation of the ontological and epistemological foundation of the course-of-experience framework, rooted in an enactive approach of human cognition. Then we illustrated the methodology associated with this framework by an in-depth analysis of two elite windsurfing riders’ courses of experience. The analysis of global and local characteristics of the riders’ course of experience reveal (a) the meaningful activities accompanying the experience of ongoing performance optimization; (b) the multidimensionality of attentional foci and the normativity of performance self-assessment; and (c) a micro-scale phenomenological description of continuous improvement. These results highlight the fruitfulness of the course-of-experience framework to describe the experience of being absorbed in an activity of sport performance optimization by documenting and analyzing athletes’ pre-reflective self-consciousness.
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- 2023
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16. Recourir aux métaphores pour favoriser l’engagement d’élèves de SEGPA en ÉPS : des effets mesurés en première et en troisième personnes
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Jacques Saury and Oriane Petiot
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Education - Abstract
L’objet de cette etude etait d’analyser les effets du recours aux metaphores par une enseignante exercant en 6e SEGPA pour favoriser l’engagement de ses eleves dans les activites d’apprentissage en EPS. En accord avec le programme de recherche du « cours d’action », nous avons filme l’enseignante durant les quinze premieres lecons de l’annee scolaire, puis realise avec elle un entretien d’autoconfrontation apres chaque lecon. Ces donnees ont ete confrontees a des observations des comportements des eleves, a l’echelle de la sequence d’enseignement et de trois situations significatives pour l’enseignante. Selon elle, les metaphores ont suscite le plaisir des eleves, les ont incites a se focaliser sur les apprentissages et a transformer leur motricite, et ont participe a creer une culture commune au sein de la classe. Les observations ont revele des initiatives croissantes des eleves dans l’emergence et le renouvellement des metaphores. Elles ont tantot corrobore, tantot nuance les effets percus par l’enseignante, revelant l’interet d’analyser les situations de classe en confrontant des donnees heterogenes. En discussion, les metaphores sont presentees comme un mode de coordination emotionnelle susceptible de rendre le savoir accessible aux eleves, et de favoriser la construction d’une micro-culture de classe favorable a l’engagement de tous.
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- 2020
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17. Coordination between Crew Members on Flying Multihulls: A Case Study on a Nacra 17
- Author
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Eric Terrien, Benoît Huet, Paul Iachkine, Jacques Saury
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cognition ,lcsh:Sports ,lcsh:GV557-1198.995 ,joint action ,lcsh:Sports medicine ,lcsh:RC1200-1245 ,interpersonal coordination ,course of experience ,water sports - Abstract
A current trend in sailing sports is the use of boats equipped with hydrofoils, allowing the boats to “fly” over the water surface. In this situation, the handling of the boat requires fine coordination between the crew members to maintain the precarious flight. The purpose of this case study was to analyze the crew activity on a flying multihull and explore the role of the shared sport equipment in the emergence of coordination between crew members. Data were collected during a training session with a crew of expert sailors. A joint analysis of phenomenological and mechanical data was conducted. The aim of the analysis was to categorize the forms of interactions between crew members, boat and environment. Results showed that collective coordination in the studied situation involves six forms of interaction that are associated with stable, unstable or critical states of the flight. Consequently, we discussed the role played by the crew members, the behavior of the boat and the environment in the collective coordination.
- Published
- 2020
18. Activity organization and knowledge construction during competitive interaction in table tennis.
- Author
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Carole Sève, Jacques Saury, Jacques Theureau, and Marc Durand
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- 2002
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19. An analysis of a user's exploration and learning of a multimedia instruction system.
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Serge Leblanc, Jacques Saury, Carole Sève, Marc Durand, and Jacques Theureau
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- 2001
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20. Controlling the flight on double-handed foiling catamarans: The role of shared equipment on the crew members' mutual modes of regulation
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Eric Terrien, Benoît Huet, and Jacques Saury
- Subjects
Applied Psychology - Published
- 2022
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21. Activité de l’enseignant et dynamique coopérative au sein de dyades d’élèves. Une étude de cas dans des tâches d’escalade en Education Physique
- Author
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Carole Sève, Jacques Saury, and Agathe Evin
- Subjects
organization and functioning of the establishments ,éducation physique et sportive ,organisation et fonctionnement des établissements ,General Medicine ,analysis of professional practice ,analyse de l’activité ,student-teacher relations and interactions ,relations et interactions élèves-enseignants ,sports and education physical - Abstract
Cette étude vise à analyser la façon dont les interventions de l’enseignant sont susceptibles d’influencer la coopération entre les élèves au sein de dyades au cours d’un cycle d’escalade. Il s’agit plus précisément d’identifier et de caractériser les formes d’activité de l’enseignant qui sont significatives pour l’un et/ou l’autre des deux élèves de la dyade, et les effets de l’activité de l’enseignant sur l’activité coopérative des élèves de la dyade. L’étude a été conduite en référence au cadre théorique et méthodologique du « cours d’action » (Theureau, 2006). Les résultats mettent en évidence cinq formes d’activité de l’enseignant significatives pour les élèves et deux sortes d’effets de l’activité de l’enseignant sur la coopération : des effets « positifs », de facilitation de la coopération entre les élèves grâce au développement de la confiance qu’ils ont dans les compétences et la fiabilité de l’activité de leur partenaire, et des effets « négatifs », nuisibles à la coopération. Ces effets sont interprétés en relation avec deux processus d’influence qualifiés respectivement de « processus de validation » et de « processus d’invalidation » des actions des élèves par l’enseignant. This study analyzed how the teacher’s interventions influence cooperation between students in dyads in climbing. It was especially aimed to identify and characterize (a) the typical situations where the teacher’s activity was meaningful for one and/or the two students in the dyad, and (b) the effects of the teacher’s activity on the students’ cooperative activity. This study was carried out referring to the “course of action” theoretical and methodological framework (Theureau, 2006). The results showed five typical situations in which the teacher’s activity was meaningful for the students and two kinds of effects of the teacher’s activity on cooperation: “positive effects”, facilitation of cooperation between students thanks to development of their trust in the skills and the reliability of their partner’s activity, and “negative effects”, harmful to the cooperation. These effects are interpreted in relation to two influence processes respectively qualified ‘validation process” and “invalidation process’ of students’ action by the teacher.
- Published
- 2021
22. The effects of the teacher’s use of time on motor student engagement in PE: a first and third-person approach
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Oriane Petiot and Jacques Saury
- Subjects
temps et rythmes scolaires ,éducation physique et sportive ,General Medicine ,school time and rhythm ,sports and education physical - Abstract
L’objet de cette étude était d’analyser les effets des « usages du temps » (Chopin, 2010) de l’enseignant sur l’engagement moteur d’élèves en éducation sportive et physique (EPS). Nous avons tout d’abord adopté une approche « en première personne », en filmant un enseignant d’EPS expert durant la première séquence d’enseignement de l’année (sept leçons de volley-ball) face à une classe de lycéens, puis en réalisant avec lui un entretien d’autoconfrontation après chaque leçon. Nous avons alors mis à l’épreuve le point de vue de l’enseignant en adoptant une approche « en troisième personne », consistant à mesurer l’engagement quantitatif et qualitatif des élèves d’un point de vue observable. L’approche « en première personne » a révélé quatre catégories d’usages du temps par l’enseignant, dont les deux principales étaient « Presser les élèves pour limiter les pertes de temps » et « Dynamiser l’engagement des élèves en volley-ball ». L’enseignant a perçu tantôt des effets positifs de ses usages du temps sur l’engagement moteur des élèves, tantôt une absence d’effets, notamment quand leur engagement restait peu dynamique. Selon l’approche « en troisième personne », le temps d’engagement moteur des élèves a augmenté sensiblement au fil des leçons. Ces effets positifs des usages du temps de l’enseignant restaient cependant erratiques et variables selon les élèves. Des convergences et des divergences entre effets perçus par l’enseignant et effets observés étaient à noter. Ces résultats sont discutés au regard de leurs intérêts théoriques et de leurs apports transformatifs pour l’enseignement. This study aimed to analyze the effects of the teacher's “use of time” (Chopin, 2010) on the student motor engagement in PE. First, we adopted a “first person” approach, filming an expert EPS teacher during the first PE unit of the year (seven volley-ball lessons) in front of high school students, then we realized with him a self-confrontation interview after each lesson. Second, we tested the teacher’s point of view by adopting a "third person" approach, consisting of measuring the quantitative and qualitative engagement of students from an observable point of view. The “first person” approach revealed four categories of use of time by the teacher. The main were: “Pressing students to limit wasted time” and “Boosting student engagement in volleyball”. The teacher sometimes perceived positive effects of his use of on the students motor engagement, and sometimes a lack of effects, especially when their engagement wasn’t dynamic. According to the "third person" approach, the students motor engagement time increased significantly over the lessons. However, these positive effects of the teacher's use of time were erratic and variable. There were convergences and divergences between the effects perceived by the teacher and the observed effects. These results are discussed in terms of their theoretical interests and their contributions to teaching.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Innovative sport equipment and development of a technical culture. The example of navigation on 'flying' sailboats
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Jacques Saury, Benoît Huet, Eric Terrien, Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)
- Subjects
voile ,hydrofoils ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Social Sciences ,cours d’action ,course of action ,01 natural sciences ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,Course of action ,0103 physical sciences ,sailing ,Psychology ,14. Life underwater ,0101 mathematics ,010306 general physics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,General Environmental Science ,media_common ,010102 general mathematics ,General Engineering ,Art ,BF1-990 ,culture technique ,technical culture ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,sport ,Humanities - Abstract
Les innovations technologiques participent aux évolutions de la culture technique des disciplines sportives. Le domaine de la voile sportive offre actuellement une opportunité pour étudier le développement d’une culture technique liée à la diffusion d’une innovation matérielle : les « foils », permettant aux voiliers de voler au-dessus de l’eau. La présente étude visait à : (a) appréhender la nature et la structure des connaissances de pratiquants et praticiens pionniers de la navigation volante, en relation avec la question de la gestion et du contrôle de la stabilité de vol, et (b) à appréhender le développement d’une culture technique propre à la navigation volante. Nous avons réalisé des entretiens de partage d’expérience avec douze participants reconnus pour leur implication dans la pratique ou l’encadrement de la voile volante. L’analyse a consisté en l’identification d’expériences types associées à la reconnaissance et au contrôle de la stabilité de vol, ainsi qu’à la catégorisation et la mise en réseau d’éléments explicatifs d’états de stabilité du vol, du point de vue des connaissances des participants. Ces deux versants de l’analyse ont permis d’appréhender l’émergence d’une culture partagée au sein du groupe de participants. Nos résultats permettent de suggérer un développement de la culture technique de la voile volante comme intégrant une forte dimension émotionnelle, et mettant en avant l’incorporation de l’équipage à un bateau présentant les caractéristiques d’un système autonome. Technological innovations contribute to developments in the technical culture of sports. The current field of competitive sailing provides an opportunity to study the development of a technical culture linked to the spread of an innovation in equipment – that of “hydrofoils”, which allow sailboats to “fly” over the water. The objectives of this study were to investigate: (i) the nature and structure of the knowledge of “pioneering” hydrofoil sailors, in relation to the question of flight stability management and control, and (ii) the development of a technical culture specific to hydrofoil sailing. We conducted “experience sharing” interviews with 12 participants recognized for their involvement in the practice or teaching of hydrofoil sailing. The analysis consisted in identifying typical experiences related to flight stability recognition and control, and in the categorization and inter-linking of explanatory elements on flight stability states, from the point of view of the participants’ knowledge. These two sides of the analysis helped to apprehend the emergence of a shared culture within the group of participants. Our results suggest the development of a technical culture of hydrofoil sailing that integrates to a greater extent the emotional dimension of this practice, and highlight the crew's incorporation into a boat that presents the characteristics of an autonomous system.
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- 2020
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24. Partage de connaissances entre élèves en situations de coopération. Un exemple en arts du cirque
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Jacques Saury, Carole Sève, and Agathe Evin
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Education - Abstract
Cette etude visait a comprendre ce que recouvre la cooperation entre eleves au sein d’un groupe en termes de processus de partage de connaissances et de construction d’un referentiel partage qui accompagne les interactions entre partenaires. Elle a ete realisee au cours d’un cycle d’arts du cirque. Il s’agissait plus precisement d’identifier le contenu et la dynamique de partage des connaissances entre les eleves et de proposer des pistes d’investigations favorisant la construction d’un referentiel commun entre les eleves. Cette etude a ete conduite en reference au programme de recherche du « cours d’action » (Theureau, 2006). Trois eleves se sont portes volontaires pour participer a l’etude. Les resultats pointent deux types de contenus des connaissances partagees : des connaissances relatives a la tâche vs. aux partenaires. De plus, ils mettent en evidence un partage de connaissances non homogene entre les eleves qui rend compte de la formation de « reseaux de cooperation » au sein meme d’un groupe.
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- 2018
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25. Émotions et transformation des connaissances en éducation physique : une étude de cas en kayak de mer
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Jacques Saury, Carole Sève, and Nicolas Terré
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knowledge ,learning ,experience ,physical education ,émotions ,connaissance ,General Medicine ,Sociology ,emotions ,Humanities ,apprentissage ,expérience ,éducation physique - Abstract
Cette étude visait à caractériser des relations entre émotions et connaissances chez des élèves engagés dans la pratique du kayak de mer au cours de leçons d’Éducation Physique et Sportive (EPS). Il s’agissait plus particulièrement d’étudier les processus de construction des connaissances en relation avec des modes d’engagement émotionnel repérés dans leur activité. En référence au programme de recherche du « cours d’action », les phénomènes émotionnels ont été approchés du point de vue des acteurs, à partir d’enregistrements audio-visuels de leurs comportements et communications, et de verbalisations rétrospectives recueillies lors d’entretiens d’autoconfrontation. L’analyse révèle la manière dont les émotions ressenties participent à la construction de connaissances (a) en déclenchant une enquête, (b) en élargissant le champ des actions possibles, ou (c) en délimitant le champ des actions possibles. Ces résultats ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives d'analyse et de conception de dispositifs d’enseignement et d’apprentissage en EPS et à l’école en général. The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between emotions and knowledge among students involved in the practice of sea kayaking during Physical Education (PE) lessons. The objective was more particularly to study the process of knowledge construction in relation to patterns of emotional engagement identified in their activity. Emotional phenomena have been described from the students’ points of view, according to the research program of the "course of action". Students’ communications and behaviors were recorded on video, and their retrospective verbalizations were captured during self-confrontation interviews. The analysis reveals how the emotions involved in the construction of knowledge (a) triggering an investigation, (b) broadening the scope of opportunities for action, or (c) by defining the range of possible actions. These results open new perspectives for the analysis and the design of teaching and learning situations in PE and school more generally.
- Published
- 2019
26. La construction et le devenir des connaissances chez les élèves en éducation physique : une étude de cas réalisée au cours d’une séquence d’escalade
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Jacques Saury, Nicolas Terré, and Carole Sève
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0504 sociology ,05 social sciences ,050401 social sciences methods ,050301 education ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,0503 education ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Cette etude vise a analyser le devenir des connaissances construites par deux eleves durant une sequence d’education physique (EP). En reference au programme de recherche du Cours d’Action, les connaissances ont ete reperees et pistees en reconstruisant pas a pas l’experience des eleves. L’analyse revele la facon dont les connaissances mobilisees par les eleves sont tenues par leur engagement dans des « histoires » significatives pour eux. Ces resultats ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives d’analyse et de conception de dispositifs d’apprentissage en EP et a l’ecole en general.
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- 2016
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27. Les relations entre les émotions et les connaissances dans l’expérience des élèves en Éducation Physique
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Carole Sève, Nicolas Terré, and Jacques Saury
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Course of action ,05 social sciences ,050109 social psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,General Medicine ,Sociology ,Humanities ,050105 experimental psychology - Abstract
Cette etude avait pour objectif de caracteriser un ensemble de relations qui se tissent entre les emotions et les cognitions dans les Cours d’experience des eleves en Education Physique. L’analyse de l’activite des eleves en contexte ecologique, selon le modele analytique empirique du programme de recherche du Cours d’action (Theureau, 2006), revele que les vecus emotionnels constituent des embryons de connaissances et sont a la base d’engagements typiques qui peuvent evoluer en fonction des interpretations des eleves. Nous illustrons ces phenomenes par la description et la comparaison de la microgenese de deux « episodes emotionnels » dans l’activite d’eleves au cours d’une sequence d’escalade. Ces resultats apportent un eclairage susceptible de guider l’intervention de l’enseignant en Education Physique, et a l’ecole en general.
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- 2016
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28. The school inclusion of pupils with disabilities in Burundi: resources and barriers from the point of view of the actors of the education system
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Agathe Evin, Josias Ndikumasabo, Jacques Saury, Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM)
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030506 rehabilitation ,4. Education ,Burundi ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,030229 sport sciences ,General Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,handicap and learning disabilities ,inclusion et exclusion scolaires ,educational inclusion and exclusion ,handicap et troubles d’apprentissage ,0305 other medical science ,education policies ,politiques de l’éducation ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology - Abstract
International audience; The purpose of this exploratory and comprehensive study is to assess the barriers and opportunities to the implementation of the policy of school inclusion of the children with disabilities in Burundi from the point of view from different actors involved directly in this policy. It was conducted in reference to the Grounded Theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1990). The results reveal four major barriers: (a) limits of the possibilities of educational system of Burundi to welcome all children; (b) incompatibility of the educational practices in front of pupils with disabilities;(c) limits of the burundian government policy to implement the right of education; (d) representations and stigmatizing faiths against children with disabilities. However, the results also highlight two already available resources: (a) educational initiatives favoring the inclusion, and (b) vectors in favour of the implementation of an inclusive pedagogy. Furthermore, the results show conditions associated to the success of an inclusive education especially human resources and school environment which are required to implement an inclusive education.; La présente étude, exploratoire et compréhensive, permet d’appréhender la question des ressources et obstacles à la mise en œuvre de la politique d’inclusion scolaire au Burundi, considérée du point de vue d’un ensemble d’acteurs directement impliqués dans celle-ci. L’étude a été conduite en référence à la théorie « ancrée » (Strauss & Corbin, 1990). Les résultats révèlent quatre obstacles majeurs : les limites des possibilités d’accueil du système éducatif burundais ; l’inadéquation des pratiques pédagogiques au regard des besoins des élèves en situation de handicap ; les limites de la politique gouvernementale burundaise à mettre en œuvre le droit à l’éducation, et enfin les représentations et croyances stigmatisantes à l’encontre des enfants en situation de handicap dans la société burundaise. Ces résultats mettent aussi en évidence deux ressources évoquées par les participants : diverses initiatives éducatives favorisant l’inclusion et certains vecteurs favorables à la mise en œuvre d’une pédagogie inclusive. Les participants suggèrent, en outre, un ensemble de conditions associées à la réussite d’une éducation inclusive en termes de ressources humaines et d’environnement scolaire, qui seraient requises pour la mise en œuvre d’une réelle éducation inclusive dans ce pays.
- Published
- 2018
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29. What does the questioning of expert coaches reveal about the biomechanical knowledge of forward ice hockey skating?
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Florian Mell, Ludovic Seifert, Maxime L’Hermette, François Féliu, Jacques Saury, Centre d’études des transformations des activités physiques et sportives (CETAPS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), Laboratoire des Dynamiques Sociales (DySoLab), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)
- Subjects
Kinematics ,05 social sciences ,Applied psychology ,030229 sport sciences ,050105 experimental psychology ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ice hockey ,0302 clinical medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,practical knowledge ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,posture - Abstract
International audience; Coaches and scientists share a preoccupation with understanding athletic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate coaches’ practical knowledge about forward ice hockey skating with reference to the biomechanical research findings in order to improve understanding of the skating task and encourage the design of more representative research. For this purpose, 10 expert ice hockey coaches were interviewed. Semistructured interviews were transcribed and meanings units were selected and grouped to build the main categories after verbatim analysis. The qualitative analysis revealed that the coaches detailed forward skating based on three categories: posture, lower limb kinematics, and arm movements. They used performance indicators to specify their practical knowledge. These indicators were generally consistent with recent biomechanical research and when the coaches held different opinions, they expressed intuitive ideas that often suggested new research perspectives. This study illustrates how the interaction of scientists and coaches, via their respective knowledge, can supply new research perspectives.
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- 2017
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30. Analyse compréhensive de l'activité de navigation d'orienteurs débutants en fonction des caractéristiques de deux tâches de course d'orientation
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Martin Mottet and Jacques Saury
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Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Cette etude visait a comparer et comprendre l’activite de navigation d’orienteurs impliques dans deux tâches d’apprentissage en course d’orientation afin de proposer des dispositifs d’aide a l’enseignement de l’activite. Cette etude a ete conduite en reference au programme de recherche du « cours d’action » (Theureau, 2006). Huit etudiants debutants se sont portes volontaires pour participer a l’etude. Deux types de donnees ont ete recueillis : (a) des enregistrements audiovisuels obtenus grâce a des « lunettes-camera » equipant chaque participant, (b) des donnees de verbalisation obtenues lors d’entretiens d’autoconfrontation. Le traitement qualitatif des donnees a consiste a reconstruire les cours d’experience des participants conformement a la methode d’analyse semiologique issue du cours d’action. Une analyse complementaire statistique a permis de relever des occurrences en matiere de lecture de carte entre les deux tâches. Les resultats pointent des formes d’activite de navigation similaires et differentes entre les deux tâches, en relation avec des phases particulieres des parcours, la difficulte et la contrainte temporelle, accordant plus ou moins d’importance a la carte et au terrain d’un cote, et a la balise de l’autre. Ces formes differentes sont discutees en relation avec les contraintes significatives de l’environnement pour les orienteurs et leur utilisation d’heuristiques. Des propositions sont presentees afin d’ameliorer l’enseignement et l’apprentissage en course d’orientation.
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- 2014
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31. Construction d'une œuvre chorégraphique en collège et émergence d'une « compagnie de danse scolaire »
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Marie-Cecile Crance, Jean Trohel, and Jacques Saury
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Course of action ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Sociology ,Humanities ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Cette etude apprehende la pratique d’une classe de trente eleves dans le cadre d’un atelier artistique. Ce dernier etait finalise a l’echelle de l’annee scolaire par la construction d’un spectacle de danse. En tant qu’experience pedagogique privilegiee d’un Faire (creer) quelque chose ensemble, cet atelier a ete le support d’une recherche de terrain s’inscrivant dans le programme du Cours d’action (Theureau, 2006). L’observatoire a accorde une place centrale a une enquete ethnographique, au recueil de « carnets de bord » des eleves, et a des entretiens d’autoconfrontation a ces carnets de bord. Le traitement des donnees a mobilise les trois descripteurs d’une pratique proposes par Wenger (2005) dans sa theorie des communautes de pratique – entreprise commune, engagement mutuel et repertoire partage. Les resultats presentent, d’une part l’histoire collective vecue par les eleves a travers la dynamique de transformation des trois descripteurs au cours du processus de creation, d’autre part la dynamique de construction de l’œuvre choregraphique Jardinage en tant que produit de cette activite tout au long de l’annee. Cette etude ouvre sur un ensemble d’orientations pouvant guider la conception de dispositifs pedagogiques qui offrent l’opportunite aux eleves d’eprouver une pratique de creation artistique authentique a l’ecole.
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- 2014
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32. Accurately locating one's spatial position in one's environment during a navigation task: Adaptive activity for finding or setting control flags in orienteering
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Martin Mottet and Jacques Saury
- Subjects
Relation (database) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Perspective (graphical) ,Orienteering ,Task (project management) ,Dreyfus model of skill acquisition ,Human–computer interaction ,Perception ,Psychology ,Heuristics ,Adaptation (computer science) ,Social psychology ,Applied Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to compare orienteers' modes of adaptation to different environments. Emphasis is placed on characterizing their concerns in relation to the need to accurately locate one's spatial position during orienteering. Design and methods The activity of eight orienteers was studied on two navigation tasks: (a) a classic orienteering task, and (b) a setting-orienteering task. The data were collected and processed using a procedure defined for course-of-action analysis. The methodology used video recordings of the orienteers in natural settings made by a glasses camera, and verbalizations during self-confrontation interviews conducted with four participants. Processing the qualitative data consisted of reconstructing the orienteers' course of experience. A further statistical analysis enabled us to identify events pertaining to map reading and pace. Results The analysis uncovered similarities and differences in the sequential organization of the orienteers' activity classic and setting tasks that were related to particular phases of the two courses and to time pressure. The results stress two fundamentally different modes of navigating and locating one's spatial position in one's environment. Conclusions The navigation activity and its adaptive nature are discussed in relation to the significant structural characteristics of the environment. The results are put in perspective in reference to the fast-and-frugal-heuristics approach, and several perspectives for skill acquisition are examined. It is suggested that this study could have broader implications for sport psychologists and sport instructors, in various sports requiring navigational skills in complex and dynamic environments.
- Published
- 2013
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33. The experience of a highly skilled student during handball lessons in physical education: a relevant pointer to the gap between school and sports contexts of practice
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Jean Trohel, Marie-Cecile Crance, and Jacques Saury
- Subjects
Highly skilled ,Situated learning ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Education ,Physical education ,Course of action ,Community of practice ,Empirical research ,Pointer (computer programming) ,Pedagogy ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Mathematics education ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Club ,Psychology - Abstract
Introduction: This study investigated the experience of a highly skilled student during a handball physical education unit in a French high school. More specifically, the analysis describes the nature of his involvement during two lessons that follow a pedagogical model close to the principles of Sport Education. The present case study of a student who experiences the gap between school and club practices raises the question of the possibility of promoting real ‘sport experiences’ in school. It contributes to empirical studies investigating Sport Education models and is based on situated learning perspectives and the theory of community of practice. Method: The study was carried out in reference to the theoretical and methodological framework called ‘course of action,’ in view of conducting a local analysis based on the actor's point of view. The audio and video recordings of two lessons and post-lesson self-confrontation interviews allowed us to reconstruct this student's experience through the identific...
- Published
- 2013
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34. Navigation in outdoor environments as an embodied, social, cultural, and situated experience : an empirical study of orienteering
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David W. Eccles, Martin Mottet, and Jacques Saury
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Lived experience ,Situated cognition ,05 social sciences ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Orienteering ,Terrain ,030229 sport sciences ,Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design ,050105 experimental psychology ,Course (navigation) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Empirical research ,Embodied cognition ,Modeling and Simulation ,Situated ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
This study investigated novices' “lived experiences” of navigation within the sport of orienteering from an enactive and phenomenological approach. The objective was to qualitatively characterize elements of task-related situations that were meaningful for orienteers. The results showed that the participants continuously made judgments about the reliability of their estimations about whether they were on “the right route” on the course. When the participants judged that they were only approximately on the right route or were unable to locate themselves, elements of the situation other than map and terrain features became meaningful for them. These results demonstrate that, for novice orienteers, navigation activity must extend beyond navigation as a logical, computational way-finding problem to include embodied, social, cultural and situated dimensions.
- Published
- 2016
35. Mix of phenomenological and behavioural data to explore interpersonal coordination in outdoor activities: examples in rowing and orienteering
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Jacques Saury, David Adé, and Ludovic Seifert
- Subjects
Applied psychology ,Rowing ,Orienteering ,Interpersonal coordination ,Psychology - Published
- 2016
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36. Joint Action of a Pair of Rowers in a Race: Shared Experiences of Effectiveness Are Shaped by Interpersonal Mechanical States
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Mehdi R’Kiouak, Jacques Saury, Marc Durand, Jérôme Bourbousson, Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM)
- Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,media_common.quotation_subject ,lcsh:BF1-990 ,Rowing ,Crew ,Interpersonal communication ,course of action ,enaction ,interpersonal coordination ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Salience (neuroscience) ,Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Level of analysis ,mixed method ,General Psychology ,Original Research ,media_common ,rowing ,05 social sciences ,030229 sport sciences ,Motor coordination ,lcsh:Psychology ,extrapersonal coordination ,Feeling ,Salient ,Social psychology ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,subjectivity-based sampling method - Abstract
International audience; The purpose of this study was to understand how a single pair of expert individual rowers experienced their crew functioning in natural conditions when asked to practice a joint movement for the first time. To fulfill this objective, we conducted a field study of interpersonal coordination that combined phenomenological and mechanical data from a coxless pair activity, to analyze the dynamics of the (inter)subjective experience compared with the dynamics of the team coordination. Using an enactivist approach to social couplings, these heterogeneous data were combined to explore the salience (and accuracy) of individuals' shared experiences of their joint action. First, we determined how each rower experienced the continuous crew functioning states (e.g., feelings of the boat's glide). Second, the phenomenological data helped us to build several categories of oar strokes (i.e., cycles), experienced by the rowers as either detrimentally or effectively performed strokes. Third, the mechanical signatures that correlated with each phenomenological category were tracked at various level of organization (i.e., individual-, interpersonal-, and boat-levels). The results indicated that (a) the two rowers did not pay attention to their joint action during most of the cycles, (b) some cycles were simultaneously lived as a salient, meaningful experience of either a detrimental (n = 15 cycles) or an effective (n = 18 cycles) joint action, and (c) the mechanical signatures diverged across the delineated phenomenological categories, suggesting that the way in which the cycles were experienced emerged from the variance in some mechanical parameters (i.e., differences in peak force level and mean force). Notably, the mechanical measures that helped to explain differences within the phenomenological categories were found at the interpersonal level of analysis, thus suggesting an intentional inter-personal mode of regulation of their joint action. This result is further challenged and discussed in light of extra-personal regulation processes that might concurrently explain why participants did not make an extensive salient experience of their joint action. We conclude that attempts to combine phenomenological and mechanical data should be pursued to continue the research on how individuals regulate the effectiveness of their joint actions' dynamics.
- Published
- 2016
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37. Understanding team coordination in doubles table tennis: Joint analysis of first- and third-person data
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Jacques Saury, Carole Sève, Germain Poizat, and Jérôme Bourbousson
- Subjects
Third person ,Dynamics (music) ,Lived experience ,Applied psychology ,Table (database) ,Joint analysis ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Applied Psychology ,Field (computer science) - Abstract
Objectives This study sought to determine whether combining first- and third-person methodologies would provide insight into team coordination. Design and methods We studied the activity of a table tennis doubles team during an official match. We collected and processed the verbal data according to a procedure defined for course-of-experience analysis, but we also included a video-based field study of the partners' interactions during the breaks between points. We then conducted a joint analysis of the two players' lived experience and behaviors during these short breaks. Results The results showed both the difficulties and the empirical richness of this approach. For example, the joint analysis of first- and third-person data on doubles table tennis revealed how the players' behaviors during the short breaks between points had a key role in shaping the understanding shared by the two partners. Conclusions The combination of first- and third-person data seems to be a promising approach for improving our understanding of the coordination processes in sports teams. In our study, the joint analysis of these data enabled us to describe in great detail how the respective behaviors of the partners contributed to the dynamics of constructing/deconstructing shared understanding between them.
- Published
- 2012
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38. Temporal Aspects of Team Cognition: A Case Study on Concerns Sharing Within Basketball
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Germain Poizat, Jacques Saury, Jérôme Bourbousson, and Carole Sève
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Basketball ,biology ,Athletes ,Team cognition ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Cognition ,biology.organism_classification ,Focus (linguistics) ,Perception ,Convergence (relationship) ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Applied Psychology ,Cognitive psychology ,media_common - Abstract
This case study investigated team cognition in basketball. The focus was on how concerns in a real match situation were shared among teammates and how the sharedness evolved. The activity of five basketball players (M age = 17.60, SD = 0.89) was studied. The data were collected and processed according to a procedure defined for course-of-action analysis (Theureau, 2003). The results indicated that the instances when all the teammates shared the same typical concern were relatively rare, but temporal analysis revealed two kinds of convergence phenomena (simultaneous and progressive). In conclusion, shared understanding emerged within this team as essentially “local sharing of understanding.”
- Published
- 2012
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39. Les préoccupations des élèves durant des tâches d’apprentissage coopératives et compétitives en badminton : une étude de cas
- Author
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Cécile Rossard and Jacques Saury
- Subjects
situated learning ,educación física ,apprentissage situé ,Social Sciences and Humanities ,coopération ,competición ,cooperation ,cours d’action ,General Medicine ,course of action ,cooperación ,physical education ,aprendizaje situado ,curso de acción ,compétition ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales ,competition ,éducation physique - Abstract
Cet article propose une analyse des préoccupations de collégiens français en relation avec la structure coopérative ou compétitive de tâches d’apprentissage du badminton en éducation physique. La recherche prend appui sur le cadre théorique et méthodologique du cours d’action. Les données recueillies et analysées concernent l’activité de deux élèves. Les résultats sont présentés et discutés autour de deux thèmes : 1) les relations entre les préoccupations des élèves et la structure des tâches, et 2) les éléments régulateurs de la dynamique des préoccupations des élèves durant ces tâches. Le texte ouvre sur des orientations de recherche futures et des perspectives pédagogiques originales., This paper presents an analysis of French college students’ concerns related to the cooperative versus competitive structure of badminton learning tasks in physical education. It was carried out within the theoretical and methodological framework of the course of action. The data collection and analysis focused on the activity of two students. Results are presented and discussed following two themes : a) the relations between students’ concerns and task structures, and b) the regulatory mechanisms of students’ concern dynamics during these tasks. These results suggest both new directions for future research and original pedagogical perspectives., El artículo presenta un análisis de las preocupaciones de alumnos franceses de primer año de secundaria con relación a la estructura cooperativa o competitiva de las tareas de aprendizaje del bádminton en educación física. La investigación se basa en el marco teórico y metodológico del curso de acción. Los datos recolectados y analizados se refieren a la actividad de dos alumnos. Se presentan y se analizan los resultados según dos temas : 1) las relaciones entre las preocupaciones de los alumnos y la estructura de las tareas, y 2) los elementos reguladores de la dinámica de las preocupaciones de los alumnos durante estas tareas. Por terminar, el texto se abre con orientaciones de investigación a futuro y perspectivas pedagógicas originales.
- Published
- 2010
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40. Stabilité et auto-organisation de l’activité collective en classe : exemple d’un cours dialogué à l’école primaire
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Philippe Veyrunes and Jacques Saury
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méthode d’enseignement ,teaching method ,aprendizaje en grupo ,trabajo de clase ,apprentissage en groupe ,classwork ,primary school ,Education ,método de enseñanza ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,école primaire ,Gruppenlernen ,Unterrichtsmethode ,travail de classe ,colegio de educación primaria ,Arbeit in der Klasse ,Primarschule ,group learning - Abstract
Cette étude porte sur un « format pédagogique » ancien et très répandu : le cours dialogué. À partir d’une étude en géographie, à l’école primaire, l’activité en classe a été analysée à deux niveaux : individuel et collectif. Les préoccupations et émotions qui orientent l’activité individuelle de l’enseignant et des élèves ont été décrites. Puis, à partir de l’enchaînement des questions, réponses et évaluations, des structures d’articulation des activités individuelles ont été identifiées. Elles ont permis de modéliser le cours dialogué et de mettre en évidence sa stabilité et sa viabilité. Nous considérons que ces caractéristiques contribuent à expliquer sa pérennité et sa vitalité. This study deals with an old and very widespread “educational format”: class dialogues. The class activities of a geography class in primary school were analyzed at two levels: individual and collective. The concerns and feelings that direct the teacher’s and students’ individual activities are first described. Then from the set of questions, answers and assessments, some structures articulating individual activities are isolated. They allow to model the class dialogue and highlight its stability and feasibility. We assume that those characteristics contribute to explaining its permanence and vitality. Este estudio se interesa por un “formato pedagógico” antiguo y muy generalizado : la clase dialogada. A partir de un estudio en geografía, en la escuela primaria, se analizó a nivel individual y a nivel colectivo, la actividad en clase. Se describieron las preocupaciones y emociones que orientan la actividad individual del docente y de los alumnos. Después se identificaron estructuras de articulación de las actividades individuales a partir del encadenamiento de las preguntas, respuestas y evaluaciones. Permitieron modelizar la clase dialogada y poner de manifiesto su estabilidad y su viabilidad. Pensamos que esas características contribuyen a explicar su perennidad y su vitalidad. Diese Arbeit handelt von einer alten und sehr häufigen Unterrichtsform: der Dialogunterricht. Aus einer Studie in Geografie in der Grundschule wurde die Klassenaktivität auf zwei Ebenen (individuell und kollektiv) analysiert. Die Beschäftigungen und Emotionen wurden beschrieben, die die individuelle Aktivität des Lehrers und der Schüler orientieren. Dann wurden aus der Reihenfolge der Fragen, Antworten und Bewertungen Strukturen der Artikulierung der individuellen Aktivitäten identifiziert. Sie haben uns ermöglicht, den Dialogunterricht zu modellieren und seine Stabilität und Zuverlässigkeit hervorzuheben. Wir denken, dass diese Charakteristika die Durchführbarkeit und Lebendigkeit dieser Unterrichtsform erklären können.
- Published
- 2009
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41. Co-construction de connaissances chez les élèves en EPS au cours d'une situation d'apprentissage en volley-ball
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Camille de Keukelaere, Jérôme Guérin, and Jacques Saury
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Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Resume Cette etude visait a analyser les processus d’ajustements mutuels et de co-construction de connaissances entre les eleves dans des tâches collectives d’apprentissage en EPS, au cours d’un cycle de volley-ball. Elle a ete conduite dans le cadre theorique du « cours d’action », en reference a l’objet theorique de l’articulation collective des cours d’experience. Les comportements de trois collegiens ont ete enregistres lors de seances de volley-ball, suivies d’entretiens d’autoconfrontation avec chacun des eleves. L’analyse de l’articulation des cours d’experience a permis de decrire differentes formes d’ajustement des activites des eleves, et de construction et partage (ou non) de connaissances au sein du groupe. Trois formes typiques d’activite collective ont ete caracterisees et qualifiees : (a) evolution d’un non-partage a un partage partiel de connaissances entre les eleves, (b) de tutelle spontanee entre eleves, et (c) de construction de connaissances « conflictuelles ». Ces resultats questionnent les notions de « communaute de pratique » et de « trajectoire de participation » dans les apprentissages en EPS. De plus, ils montrent comment les eleves s’adaptent collectivement aux tâches scolaires sans necessairement partager les connaissances a priori requises dans la realisation de ces tâches. Enfin, ils revelent des formes singulieres de « compagnonnage cognitif » entre les eleves.
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- 2008
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42. Performance-induced emotions experienced during high-stakes table tennis matches
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Germain Poizat, Marc Durand, Jacques Saury, Carole Sève, Luc Ria, Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Laboratoire de Socio-Psychologie et Management du Sport (SPMS), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ), Laboratoire de Socio-Psychologie et Management du Sport ( SPMS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Université de Nantes ( UN ), Université de Genève ( UNIGE ), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), and Université de Nantes (UN)
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05 social sciences ,ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING ,Exploratory research ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,030229 sport sciences ,Sport psychology ,Tone (literature) ,050105 experimental psychology ,Social research ,Task (project management) ,[ SHS.PSY ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Empirical research ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Situational ethics ,Set (psychology) ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Applied Psychology - Abstract
Objectives To characterize the contents of emotions experienced by elite table tennis players during high-stakes matches and the situational elements that contribute to these experiences. Design A four-case study. Method Three top-level table tennis players from the French Men's Table Tennis Team volunteered to participate in the study. Four matches were studied. Procedures involved: (a) videotaping high-stakes table tennis matches, (b) conducting self-confrontation interviews with players after matches, (c) transcribing the players’ actions and self-confrontation data, (d) decomposing their activity into elementary units, and (e) identifying typical contents of emotion and typical emotional situations. Results The contents of players’ emotions varied during matches. The pleasant or unpleasant tone of emotional content was linked to the set result and the interpretations of the unfolding situation. However, other elements of the competitive interaction (score configurations, judgments about the strokes performed) had a strong emotional coloration. Certain similar events (e.g., bad sensations during stroke performance) were frequently coupled with similar emotional content (e.g., displeasure). Conclusions Until quite recently, the predominant focus in sport psychology has been on pre-performance emotions, with far less attention paid to the subjective emotional experiences that occur during task execution. This exploratory study provides initial empirical support for the notion of bi-directionality in emotion–performance relationships [Hanin, Y.L. (Ed.). (2000). Emotions in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; Hanin, Y.L. (2003). Performance related emotional states in sport: A qualitative analysis. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research [On-line Journal], 4(1). Available at: http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/1-03/1-03hanin-e.htm ].
- Published
- 2007
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43. The collective meaningful story as a descriptive notion for the analysis of the students’ activity engaged in cooperative situations in Physical Education
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Agathe Evin, Jacques Saury, and Carole Sève
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General Engineering ,cooperation ,Social Sciences ,course of action ,BF1-990 ,Course of action ,physical education ,Political science ,Psychology ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,collective meaningful stories ,Humanities ,collective activity ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Cette etude visait a analyser l’activite collective des eleves engages dans des situations de cooperation en Education Physique, afin de rendre compte de la maniere dont ils vivaient et faisaient experience de la cooperation. Pour cela nous avons eu recours a la notion d’histoire collective pour decrire et caracteriser les phenomenes sous-jacents de la cooperation entre les eleves. Trois eleves et leur enseignante ont participe volontairement a cette etude. Leur activite a ete etudiee in situ lors d’un cycle d’arts du cirque de sept lecons, en reference au programme de recherche du Cours d’action (Theureau, 2006). Les resultats presentent, dans la premiere partie, les categories typiques d’histoires collectives. La deuxieme partie presente les caracteristiques liees a l’agencement temporel des histoires au cours du cycle. Trois caracteristiques ont ete identifiees : (a) la diversite des empans temporels, (b) le caractere continu ou discontinu du developpement des histoires collective, et (c) les patterns des histoires. Dans la troisieme partie, nous presentons une etude de cas qui rend compte de la dynamique de developpement des histoires collectives au cours du cycle. Ces resultats contribuent a la comprehension de la cooperation, et a la conception de dispositifs originaux d’apprentissage cooperatif.
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- 2015
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44. Qualitative Aspects in Performance Analysis
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Carole Sève, Germain Poizat, and Jacques Saury
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Psychology - Published
- 2015
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45. A Grounded Theory of Elite Male Table Tennis Players’ Activity during Matches
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Carole Sève, Marc Durand, Jacques Saury, Germain Poizat, Laboratoire de Socio-Psychologie et Management du Sport (SPMS), Université de Bourgogne (UB), CVT, A, Laboratoire de Socio-Psychologie et Management du Sport ( SPMS ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB )
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05 social sciences ,Applied psychology ,ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,COACHES ,030229 sport sciences ,PERFORMANCE ,050105 experimental psychology ,Grounded theory ,[SHS.PSY] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,COMPETITIVE INTERACTION ,[ SHS.PSY ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Reflexivity ,Elite ,COGNITION ,Table (database) ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Christian ministry ,Competitive interaction ,Psychology ,Applied Psychology - Abstract
International audience; This article describes the main features of a collaborative project involving researchers, coaches, and elite table tennis players. The project was carried out between 1997 and 2002 with funding from the French Ministry of Youth and Sports, in response to a request by French Table Tennis Team coaches to improve the training of table tennis players. Matches were videotaped during international meets and followed by interviews during which the players described and commented on their activity as they viewed the tapes. A grounded theory of players' activity emerged from the data collected and the ensuing theoretical issues that were raised. The findings on table tennis players' activity pointed to a new direction for training proposals, for example the organization of reflexive practices during training.
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- 2006
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46. Évolutions de la perception et de l'exploitation du rapport de force chez des joueurs de badminton dans une tâche de perfectionnement tactique
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Cécile Rossard, Serge Testevuide, and Jacques Saury
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Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
L’objectif de cette etude etait de caracteriser la perception et l’exploitation du rapport de force chez des joueurs engages dans une tâche d’apprentissage en badminton : le « jeu du Banco ». Cette etude a ete conduite dans le cadre theorique et methodologique du « cours d’action » (Theureau, 1992), en accord avec les principaux presupposes du paradigme de la cognition situee. Trois etudiants volontaires de DEUG STAPS ont participe a cette etude en tant que joueurs. Les enregistrements video de trois matches selon les regles de « jeu du Banco » ont ete realises, puis completes par des donnees de verbalisation recueillies lors d’entretiens d’autoconfrontations conduits a posteriori avec chaque joueur. Les protocoles verbaux et les donnees d’observation ont ete codes conformement a la methode d’analyse semiologique issue du cadre theorique du cours d’action. L’analyse a montre que (a) l’evolution de la perception du rapport de force par les joueurs au cours des matches presentait deux caracteristiques marquantes, (b) les cours d’action des joueurs revelaient deux formes typiques de strategie de gain du point. Ces resultats sont illustres et discutes en relation avec (a) le caractere particulierement significatif des « points Banco » dans le cours du jeu, (b) le processus dynamique de construction des connaissances au cours des matches, et (c) les contraintes specifiques du « jeu du Banco ».
- Published
- 2005
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47. Autoréférence et exploitation opportuniste d'un environnement hypermédia « ouvert » : étude de l'activité d'utilisateurs
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Serge Leblanc, Jacques Saury, Carole Sève, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Didactique, Éducation et Formation (LIRDEF), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Inspection générale (IGEN), Ministère de l'Education Nationale, Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Le Mans Université (UM), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
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Apprentissage situé ,Signification ,activité ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Hypermédias ,General Medicine ,0503 education ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
International audience; Cet article propose une présentation de quelques résultats concernant les « situations problématiques » et les usages « prometteurs » d’un environnement hypermédia « ouvert ». L’analyse de l’activité des utilisateurs de cet environnement en situation réelle de formation a été menée à partir du cadre théorique et méthodologique du cours d’action. La description des cours d’action des utilisateurs fait apparaître une errance interprétée comme une perte de sens et une désorientation mais également une capacité des utilisateurs à « s’autoréférencer » et à exploiter de manière opportuniste les offres de cet environnement « ouvert ».
- Published
- 2004
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48. La dynamique des interactions tuteurs-stagiaires en situation de conseil pédagogique
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Jean Trohel, Jacques Saury, and Sébastien Chaliès
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03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,4. Education ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Student teacher ,030229 sport sciences ,General Medicine ,Sociology ,16. Peace & justice ,0503 education ,Humanities - Abstract
Cette etude analyse les interactions au sein de quatre dyades composees chacune d’un enseignant d’EPS (conseiller pedagogique) et d’un enseignant stagiaire, au cours d’entretiens de conseil post-lecons. Ces interactions sont etudiees en tant qu’actions collectives situees et en reference au cadre theorique du cours d’action. Trois sortes de materiaux ont ete recueillis : enregistrements video des lecons menees par le stagiaire ; enregistrements video des entretiens post-lecons ; verbalisations lors d’autoconfrontations individuelles. Les resultats montrent qu’au cours de l’entretien, l’interaction entre le tuteur et le stagiaire s’organise selon des references identitaires multiples et fluctuantes. Ils permettent d’identifier des discordances dans la dynamique de l’interaction et certains dysfonctionnements dans la relation. La discussion met en evidence des paradoxes et des dilemmes chez les acteurs.
- Published
- 2004
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49. Beginning teachers' situated emotions: A study of first classroom experiences
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Luc Ria, Marc Durand, Jacques Saury, Carole Se¤ve, and Jacques Theureau
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Situated ,Learning to teach ,Pedagogy ,Psychology ,Lesson plan ,Education - Abstract
Using Peirce's three categories of experience (1931-1935), the authors categorized a group of teachers' emotions into different affective states. During ordinary teaching situations contradictory emotions were observed. The nature of the emotions was related to the teachers' level of dependence on the lesson plan and the need to maintain student activity and underlined the importance of emotions in learning to teach.
- Published
- 2003
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50. Les interactions utilisateur-environnement hypermédia en situation réelle de formation
- Author
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Serge Leblanc, Carole Sève, Jacques Saury, and Marc Durand
- Subjects
0504 sociology ,05 social sciences ,050401 social sciences methods ,050301 education ,General Medicine ,0503 education - Abstract
Cet article propose une presentation critique des differentes approches des interactions utilisateur-environnement hypermedia reperables dans la litterature, et developpe une approche cognitive et ergonomique situee de ces interactions qui accorde un primat au point de vue et aux significations de l’acteur. Le cadre theorique et methodologique permettant d’apprehender le cours d’action des acteurs en situation naturelle est presente et quelques resultats concernant des formes typiques d’interactions utilisateur-environnement hypermedia sont exposees.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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