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Context Weakness of the gluteus medius and gluteus maximus is associated with a variety of musculoskeletal disorders. However, activation of synergistic muscles that are not targeted should be considered when prescribing side-lying hip-abduction (SHA) exercises. Log-rolling positions may affect hip-abductor activity during SHA. Objective To determine the effects of log-rolling positions on gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, and tensor fasciae latae activity during SHA in participants with gluteus medius weakness. Design Controlled laboratory study. Setting University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Twenty-one participants with gluteus medius weakness. Intervention(s) Three types of SHA were performed: frontal-plane SHA in neutral position (SHA-neutral), frontal-plane SHA in anterior log-rolling position (SHA-anterior rolling), and frontal-plane SHA in posterior log-rolling position (SHA-posterior rolling). Main Outcome Measure(s) Surface electromyography was used to measure hip-abductor activity. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was calculated to assess the statistical significance of the muscle activity. Results The SHA-anterior rolling showed greater gluteus medius and gluteus maximus activation than the SHA-neutral (P = .003 and P < .001, respectively) and SHA-posterior rolling (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). The SHA-neutral demonstrated greater gluteus medius and gluteus maximus activation than the SHA-posterior rolling (P < .001 and P = .001, respectively). The SHA-anterior rolling produced less tensor fasciae latae activation than the SHA-neutral (P < .001) and SHA-posterior rolling (P < .001). The SHA-neutral showed less tensor fasciae latae activation than the SHA-posterior rolling (P < .001). Conclusions The SHA-anterior rolling may be an effective exercise for increasing activation of the gluteus medius and gluteus maximus while decreasing activation of the tensor fasciae latae in participants with gluteus medius weakness.

본 연구는 2002~2019년간의 분기별 시계열 자료와 2006~2017년간의 연도별 지역별 시계열 자료를 활용하여 디지털 경제 발전이 거시경제변수에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석을 하였다. 디지털 경제 발전을 나타내는 변수로 전자상거래 거래액과 전자상거래 이용비율을 선정하였으며 VAR 모형을 이용하여 전자상거래 거래액이 GDP, 인플레이션, 생산성, 실업률에 미치는 영향을, 패널 VAR 모형을 이용하여 지역 기업의 전자상거래 이용비율이 지역별 GRDP, 인플레이션, 생산성, 실업률에 미치는 연구를 진행하였다. 먼저, 급격히 상승하고 있는 전자상거래 거래액은 인플레이션 이외의 거시변수에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났으며 디지털 경제 발전을 공급측면에서 나타내고 있는 전자상거래 이용비율은 GRDP, 인플레이션, 생산성, 실업률에 양(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되어 실업률에 부정적 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 디지털 경제 발전을 통한 지속 가능한 경제의 성장과 안정을 위해 공급 측면에서의 적극적 디지털 경제 발전 정책과 더불어 구조적 경제변화에 대응할 수 있는 고용정책이 필요하다는 것을 시사한다.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Although bacillus Calmette–Guerin cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) might function as a potential substitute for live BCG, its use in the treatment of bladder cancer remains l...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:To compare the survival outcomes between patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) and without CN.METHODS:We evaluat...

Multi-touch algorithm has proven its effectiveness in various touch applications. Recently, using convolutional neural network were shown to be effective in accurately classifying multi-touch inputs. However, multi-touch algorithm requires very low computational complexity and size due to the resource limitations of target hardwares. Neural Architecture Search (NAS) is currently being spotlighted as an effective solution to designing optimal light-weight networks. Especially, Once-for-all NAS shows remarkable performance in searching for optimal networks on various hardware platforms. In this paper, we propose an efficient OFA NAS based method for designing optimal CNN based multi-touch classifier with a new shrunk search space. The model searched by our proposed method shows outstanding performance despite its computational simplicity. Compared to MobileNetV2, our model has 7 times less MACs with only 1.25% accuracy drop.

The dielectric strength and gel time of epoxy composites vary with the mixing ratio of epoxy resin, hardener, additives, filler, etc., and especially the gel time affects the productivity and economics of ultra-high-voltage (UHV) equipment. However, previous studies focused only on the dielectric strength of epoxy composites for the reliability of UHV equipment. Therefore, a study considering both the dielectric strength and gel time of the epoxy composite is required. In this paper, the characteristics of the gel time and dielectric strength of the epoxy micro-composites according to the mixing ratio of silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) micro-fillers without changing the mixing ratio of epoxy resin and hardener are analyzed. Experimental results show that the gel time decreased and the dielectric strength increased as the mixing ratio of the SiO2 micro-filler increased. Therefore, it is concluded that the gel time can be controlled by changing the mixing ratio of micro-fillers without changing the mixing ratio of the epoxy resin and hardener. In addition, experimental data can be used as basic data for economical production considering both the reliability and productivity of UHV power equipment.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:We investigated the relationship between positive surgical margin (PSM)-related factors and biochemical recurrence (BCR) and the ability of intraoperative frozen sections...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture is a valuable method for cell-based research but can provide unpredictable, misleading data about in vivo responses. In this study, we c...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was three kinds of stretching methods and measured the change in the thickness of the piriform muscle in real time using ultrasound images and compared the medial rotation angle of the coxal articulation. [Subjects and Methods] Fourty-five subjects who attend B University in Cheonan, divided into three groups. The subjects in these three groups then underwent stretching with flexion of coxal articulation over 90°, stretching with flexion of coxal articulation under 90°, and muscle energy technique (MET) application. The main outcome measures were piriform muscle thickness and medial rotation angle of the coxal articulation. [Results] All groups showed decreased piriform muscle thickness and increased medial rotation angle of the coxal articulation. [Conclusion] Based on the above results, three kinds of piriform muscle stretching methods are effective of reduce muscle thickness and increase medial rotation angle of the coxal articulation.

Background: In self-ankle mobilization with movement (S-MWM) therapy, a strap can be utilized to stabilize the posterior glide of the talus during ankle dorsiflexion movements.Objectives: Our objec...

To improve the dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in epoxy matrix composites, polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) and poly(4-aminostyrene) (PAS) were attached on the surface of CNTs by noncovalent functionalization. In the case of PAS, amino groups can also generate chemical bonding with the epoxide groups in the epoxy matrix. CNTs noncovalently functionalized with PSS and PAS were then fabricated to obtain CNT/Epoxy nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties. The incorporation of noncovalently functionalized CNTs into the modified bisphenol-A type epoxy matrix yielded Young's modulus of 3.89 GPa and tensile strength of 82.59 MPa with the addition of 1 wt.% PAS-CNTs. The noncovalent functionalization of CNTs was effective in improving the composite's mechanical properties due to their enhanced dispersion and strong affinity with the epoxy matrix. Keywords: Carbon nanotubes, Polymer-matrix nanocomposites, Mechanical properties

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effect of product creativit y on the financial performance of new product in the food industry. In addition, the applicability of creative thinking method for the development of creative new food product is examined.Methods: In this study, OPA(Originality-Practicality Analysis) method i s applied to evaluate the creativity of 32 new food products of ‘H’ food company in Korea. Effects of product creativity on the financial perform-ance are analyzed using t-test and logistic regression analysis . In order to examine the applicability of SIT(Systematic Inventive Thinking) for the new product developm ent process, each subject are classified according to five SIT tools.Results: The product group belongs to creative area(CA) shows the highest financial performance among the quadrants of OPA matrix. The products are divided into two groups whether the product can be classified by SIT tools or not. The products belonged to SIT group show hi gher creativity than non-SIT group.Conclusion: From the result, it can be concluded that product creativity has effect on the financial performance of the new food products, and SIT can be used as a powerful tool in developing creative new food products.Key Words: Food Industry, OPA, Creativity of new product, Systematic Inve ntive Thinking

In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of Schroth exercise(three-dimensional convergence exercise) on pulmonary function(vital capacity, and chest expansion), Cobb`s angle, scoliometer angle, and erector spinae muscle activity. We examined 40 students with idiopathic scoliosis(Cobb`s angle ). They were divided into the Schroth and conventional exercise groups, with 20 people in each group. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 18.0 with a paired t-test(pre-post difference) and an independent t-test(between-group differnence). the result of were as follows; 1) After 8 weeks of Schroth exercise, significant improvements were observed in Cobb`s angle, rib hump, vital capacity, chest expansion, and right thoracic longissimus muscle activity. 2) After 8 weeks of conventional exercise, a significant improvement was observed only in chest expansion. These findings indicate that the Schroth exercise program improved the Cobb`s angle, rib hump, pulmonary function, and sEMG results. Therefore, this study demonstrates the usefulness of the Schroth exercise program for idiopathic scoliosis.

Aluminum oxide nanoparticles are listed among 14 high-priority nanomaterials published by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, but limited information is available on their potential hazards. In this study, we compared the toxicity of two different aluminum oxide nanorods (AlNRs) commercially available in vivo and in vitro. Considering aspect ratio, one was 6.2 ± 0.6 (long-AlNRs) and the other was 2.1 ± 0.4 (short-AlNRs). In mice, long-AlNRs induced longer and stronger inflammatory responses than short-AlNRs, and the degree reached the maximum on day 7 for both types and decreased with time. In addition, in vitro tests were performed on six cell lines derived from potential target organs for AlNPs, HEK-293 (kidney), HACAT (skin), Chang (liver), BEAS-2B (lung), T98G (brain), and H9C2 (heart), using MTT assay, ATP assay, LDH release, and xCELLigence system. Long-AlNRs generally produced stronger toxicity than short-AlNRs, and HEK-293 cells were the most sensitive for both AlNRs, followed by BEAS-2B cells, although results from 4 kinds of toxicity tests conflicted among the cell lines. Based on these results, we suggest that toxicity of AlNRs may be related to aspect ratio (and resultant surface area). Furthermore, novel in vitro toxicity testing methods are needed to resolve questionable results caused by the unique properties of nanoparticles.

Objective: This study compared the effects of streamlined shoes on dynamic gait and foot plantar pressure in healthy young adults. Background: With the importance of ankle and lower extremity mechanism, streamlined shoes are contributing to a static gait factors. However, the study of dynamic gait factor is still insufficient. Method: Sixty subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: experimental group(n=30) and control(n=30), respectively. The experimental group performed streamlined shoes, whereas the control group applied usual shoes. Main outcome measurements were assessed contact time, step length and foot plantar pressure using gait analysis with the treadmill. Independent t-test was used to compare the both groups. Results: Compared with control group, contact time of forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot decreased significantly in experimental group(p .05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that streamlined shoes was more effective than usual shoes in dynamic gait change including contact time and step length and foot plantar pressure in healthy young adults. Application: The results of streamlined shoes might help to control for the gait of industrial workers.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare shoulder stabilization muscle activities according to postural changes during flexi-bar exercise. [Subjects] The subjects included 18 students (10 males, 8 females) at B University. [Methods] The subjects performed the following flexi-bar exercises: 1) medio-lateral oscillation with the 90° shoulder abduction, with the hand in the neutral position; 2) dorso-ventral oscillation with 90° shoulder flexion, with the hand in the neutral position; 3) superior-inferior oscillation with 90° shoulder flexion, with the 80° hand pronation. [Results] The activity of the serratus anterior showed significant differences between each position; however, activities of the upper trapezius and middle trapezius were not significantly different. [Conclusion] The results of this study indicate that posture control is important for selective strengthening of the serratus anterior muscle during flexi-bar exercises.

Core stability exercise is known to have an effect on muscle activation in the shoulder region. Twenty-three healthy adult men and women, aged 19 to 27 years, volunteered to participate in this study. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect on shoulder region muscle activation during the presence or absence of the core stability. Muscle activation was measured by surface EMG and ultrasound imaging during the exercise, and was simultaneously recorded from upper trapezius, low trapezius, and serratus anterior muscles in surface EMG. EMG values were normalized by maximum muscle contractions (%maximum voluntary isometric contraction; [%MVIC]). A paired t-test was used to compare the differences in the muscle activation according to the presence or absence of the core stability. In the results of this study, when subjected to core stability exercise, EMG activation of the upper trapezius muscle decreased by 19%, and the serratus anterior muscle increased by 11%(p .05). These findings suggest that core stability shoulder exercise could be more effective in the shoulder region in patients with chronic shoulder pain.

The aim of this study is to compare measurements of abdominal muscle thickness using ultrasonography imaging (USI) to those using a special transducer head device, during five different trunk stabilization exercises, ultimately to determine which exercise led to the greatest muscle thickness. Thirty eight healthy subjects participated in this cross-sectional study. The five types of trunk stabilization - i.e., a sit-up on the supine, an upper and lower extremity raise with quadruped on the prone, a leg raise in sitting on the ball, trunk rolling on the ball, and balance using sling on the prone position - were each performed with an abdominal draw. The thickness of the abdominal muscle - including the transverse abdominal (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) - was measured by USI with a special transducer head device, at rest and then at contraction in each position. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated ANOVA with the level of significance set at =.05. The results were as follows: 1) the TrA thickness was statistically significant (p.05); 2) among the five types of trunk stabilization, TrA thickness significantly increased with the balance using a sling in the prone position, (p.05); 3) reliability data showed that there was a high degree of consistency among the measurements taken using the special transducer head device (ICC=.92). In conclusion, the balance using a sling in the prone position was more effective than any of the four other types of trunk stabilization in increasing TrA thickness in healthy subjects.

Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE) was compounded with polypropylene (PP) to improve its impact strength. VLDPE was modified by grafting 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate silane (MS) to VLDPE to prepare mVLDPE. PP was melt-mixed either with VLDPE or mVLDPE together with Cloisite®20A (C20A). The composites exhibited a phase-separated morphology, irrespective of whether the VLDPE had been modified with the silane compounds or not. Incorporation of C20A decreased the domain size of the dispersed phases of both PP/VLDPE and PP/mVLDPE blends. The tensile strength and elongation at break of PP/VLDPE and PP/mVLDPE were improved by the addition of C20A. In contrast, their impact strengths were reduced by the clay. However, the decrease in impact strength was less significant in PP/mVLDPE/C20A than in PP/VLDPE/C20A. The superior mechanical properties of PP/mVLDPE/C20A over PP/VLDPE/C20A were attributed to enhanced interfacial interactions originating from chemical reactions between silane residues on mVLDPE and the silanol groups of C20A. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011

A commercially available organomodified clay, Cloisite 25A, was modified with 3-aminopropyl- triethoxysilane, 3-(glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, and 3-isocyanate propyltriethoxysilane to enhance its inter- action with the nylon 6 matrix. Composites made of nylon 6 and clays modified with the different silane compounds were prepared by melt mixing with a twin- screw extruder. The dispersion and degree of exfolia- tion of the organomodified clays were evaluated from X-ray diffraction patterns and transmission electron microscopy images of the corresponding composites. The tensile properties of the composites were meas- ured, and their enhancement was attributed to the work of adhesion and interfacial tension of the compo- sites. V C 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 117: 809-816, 2010

A novel method was attempted to reinforce a vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with two commercially available clays,sodiummontmorilloniteandCloisite  25A.Thetwoclayswerefunctionalizedwithbis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT) to prepare Na + MMTS4 and C25AS4, respectively. Incorporation of the tetrasulfide group-containing clays, especially Na + MMTS4, was found to be effective for the enhancement of the interfacial interaction between PDMS and the clays by way of a plausible chemical reaction between the tetrasulfide groups (TSS) and the vinyl-terminated PDMS. Compounding of PDMSwiththeTESPT-modifiedclaysimprovedthemechanicalpropertiessignificantly.Inparticular,theelongationatbreakof PDMS/Na + MMTS4 compositewasalmosttwiceashighasthatofneatPDMS,evenifthesilicatelayerswerenotfullyexfoliatedin thePDMSmatrix.ThetearstrengthofPDMSwasalsoimprovedgreatlyasaresultoftheincorporationofNa + MMTS4.According to toluene swelling test results, the crosslinking density of the composites was lower than that of neat PDMS, indicating that the improved mechanical properties of the composites arise from enhanced compatibility between the constituents and not from increased crosslinking density. c � 2009 Society of Chemical Industry

Background and Purpose. This study reports the effect of Watsu as rehabilitation method for hemiparetic patients with stroke. Method. Watsu consisted of 40 treatment sessions for 8 weeks, delivered underwater or at water surface level, it applied in three patients. Outcome measures included tools for assessing spasticity and ambulatory function. Results. All patients showed decreased scores in the TAS and RVGA after Watsu application. Conclusions. Watsu was helpful in controlling spasticity and improving ambulatory function of the patients with hemiparesis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A commercial clay, Cloisite®20A (C20A) was modified with three different silane compounds, propyltrimethoxy silane, octyltrimethoxy silane, and octadecyltrimethoxy silane, to control the hydrophobicity of C20A. The amount of the silane compounds grafted to C20A was quantified from the weight loss by using TGA, and the hydrophobicity was evaluated by the amount of water absorption. The variation of the interlayer distance was traced by XRD and TEM observation. SEM/EDS was employed to visualize the morphology of the fractured surface and the degree of dispersion of the clay layers in the PP/clay composites. Measurements of the tensile properties of the PP/clay composites indicated that the composite made from PP and the C20A modified with octadecyltrimethoxy silane exhibited the most excellent tensile properties. This was ascribed to the fact that the C20A modified with octadecyltrimethoxy silane possessed the most favorable interfacial interaction with PP and thus the degree of dispersion of the clay layers was the best in the PP matrix. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008

A new method was attempted to improve the interaction between nylon 6 with a commercially available organoclay, Cloisite®25A (C25A) through modification of C25A with 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, 3-(glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane and 3-isocyanate propyltriethoxy silane. C25A and C25A modified with the silane compounds(TFC) were melt mixed with nylon 6. X-Ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy images revealed that all the TFC layers were fully exfoliated in nylon 6 matrix irrespectively of the type of the silane compounds used for the modification. Tensile properties of nylon 6 were most significantly improved when 3-(glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane modified C25A was incorporated. The chemical reaction between the epoxy groups and the end groups of nylon 6 raised the interfacial interaction and thus was responsible for the enhanced tensile properties.