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Background: Several dietary patterns are reported as risk factors for several chronic diseases including oral diseases. However, thus far, there has been no comprehensive quantitative analysis of nutrition and periodontal diseases. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies were eligible for inclusion in this study. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to qualitatively assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The number of samples was used for odds ratio calculation, followed by the unadjusted value and 95% confidence interval. Results: Nine papers were included for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of screening for database search records showed that four diet patterns (western diet, dairy product intake, sugar intake, and vitamin C intake) have enough data for meta-analysis. The risk of periodontal disease in the western-diet group and the lowest dairy product intake group was 1.05 (0.51–2.13) and 1.28 (0.89–1.84), respectively. The risk of periodontal disease in the highest sugar intake group and the lowest vitamin C intake group was 1.52 (0.79–2.91) and 1.15 (1.08–1.23), respectively. Conclusions: With aging of the population globally, the prevalence of periodontal disease increases, and the associated cost also increases. Though this study, we found foods related to the risk of periodontal disease, and we are confident that it will contribute to lowering the incidence of the disease.

2D multiferroics with combined ferroic orders have gained attention owing to their novel functionality and underlying science. Intrinsic ferroelastic-ferroelectric multiferroicity in single-crystalline van der Waals rhenium dichalcogenides, whose symmetries are broken by the Peierls distortion and layer-stacking order, is demonstrated. Ferroelastic switching of the domain orientation and accompanying anisotropic properties is achieved with 1% uniaxial strain using the polymer encapsulation method. Based on the electron localization function and bond dissociation energy of the Re-Re bonds, the change in bond configuration during the evolution of the domain wall and the preferred switching between the two specific orientation states are explained. Furthermore, the ferroelastic switching of ferroelectric polarization is confirmed using the photovoltaic effect. The study provides insights into the reversible bond-switching process and potential applications based on 2D multiferroicity.

A kinetic model was developed for the methane dehydroaromatization over a Mo2C/H-ZSM5 catalyst. Because the experimental observations show that the reaction and deactivation simultaneously take place in the catalyst activation (carburization) stage, the initial simulation time was specified as the time at which the activation was completed and the initial activities under each operating condition were estimated. The estimated values show that the initial activity of the Mo2C site is low in the early stage of the catalyst bed, which is probably due to the carbonization, while that of the H-ZSM5 site is very low in the later stage of the bed due to the encapsulation of coupled aromatics caused by the low confinement of Mo2C in the zeolite. Kinetic models were developed for the reaction and deactivation and the kinetic parameters were estimated by fitting the experimental data that were obtained after the activation was completed. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The deactivation model indicates a higher temperature dependency of the Mo2C site compared with the H-ZSM5 site. In addition, the benzene and toluene yields abruptly decrease at very high temperature, indicating that a too high temperature should be avoided, although high temperatures are favored because of the endothermic characteristics of the production rate.

The thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of pine needles over HBeta catalysts with different SiO2/Al2O3 ratios (25 and 300) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. TGA showed that the main decomposition of pine needles occurred between 150 and 550 °C. The catalytic DTG curves revealed the same decomposition temperature region as the non-catalytic TG curve of pine needles. Pyrolyzergas chromatography/mass spectrometry suggested that the effective catalytic conversion of pyrolyzate intermediates and other hydrocarbons to aromatic hydrocarbons can be achieved using HBeta catalysts at 600 °C. HBeta(25) produced a larger amount of aromatic hydrocarbons than HBeta(300) because of its higher acid amounts. By increasing the reaction temperature from 500 to 700 °C, the formation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEXs) and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was increased with a concomitant decrease in phenolics and other oxygenates. The formation efficiency of BTEXs was increased further by increasing the catalyst loading.

Hierarchical zeolites have superior catalytic properties over purely microporous zeolites, leading to the enhanced diffusivity of molecules and strong acidity of the catalyst. In this study, hierarchical desilicated mesoporous ZSM-5 and Beta were prepared by the desilication of commercial microporous zeolites and applied to the catalytic pyrolysis of wood polymer composites. Hierarchical desilicated mesoporous ZSM-5 and Beta showed the typical X-ray diffraction patterns of microporous ZSM-5 and Beta with higher mesoporosity compared to the parent materials. The activity of the desilicated zeolites for the catalytic pyrolysis of wood polymer composites was evaluated using a thermogravimetric analysis and tandem micro reactor-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Among the catalysts tested, the lowest decomposition temperatures of wood polymer composites were observed using hierarchical desilicated mesoporous Beta followed by hierarchical desilicated mesoporous ZSM-5 and ZSM-5. This trend correlated well with the mesoporosity of the catalysts. The formation efficiency of hierarchical desilicated mesoporous ZSM-5 was highest followed by microporous ZSM-5, hierarchical desilicated mesoporous Beta, and Beta, indicating that in addition to mesoporosity, the shape selectivity induced by microporosity and strong acidity are important for the aromatization of pyrolysis vapors. In addition, the aromatic formation efficiency of the catalysts differed according to the properties of wood polymer composites. Compared to wood polymer composite 2, wood polymer composite 1 produced a larger quantity of aromatics during catalytic pyrolysis over all the catalysts at 500 °C owing to its higher polyethylene content. Both wood polymer composites exhibited a similar aromatic formation efficiency during catalytic pyrolysis at 600 °C because the diffusion hindering effect of polypropylene molecules to the catalyst pores was lower at the higher temperature.

Phased arrays are widely used due to their low power and small area usage. However, phased arrays depend on the narrowband assumption and, therefore, are not suitable for high-bandwidth applications. Emerging communication standards require increasingly higher bandwidths for improved data rates, which results in a need for timed arrays. However, high power consumption and large area requirements are drawbacks of radio frequency (RF) timed arrays. To resolve these issues, we introduce the first true-time-delay digital beamforming IC, which eliminates beam squinting error by adopting a baseband true-time-delay technique. Furthermore, we present a constant output impedance current-steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC), which improves the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of a bandpass delta–sigma modulator by 7 dB. Due to the new DAC architecture, the 16-element beamformer improves SFDR by 13.7 dB from the array. Measured error vector magnitudes (EVMs) are better than 37 dB for 5-MBd quadratic-amplitude modulation (QAM)-64, QAM-256, and QAM-512. The prototype beamformer achieves nearly ideal beam patterns for both conventional and adaptive beamforming (i.e., adaptive nulling and tapering). The difference between normalized measured beam patterns and normalized simulated beam patterns is less than 1 dB within the 3-dB beamwidth. The beamformer, including 16 bandpass analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) occupies 0.29 mm2 and consumes 453 mW in total power.

In menopausal women, estrogen deficiency closely affects bone health. Previous studies report that MS-10, a combined extract of Cirsium japonicum and Thymus vulgaris, increases the efficiency of estrogen by activating the estrogen receptor. Here, the ability of MS-10 to enhance bone health and quality of life in women with menopausal symptoms was tested. Treatment with MS-10 induced alterations in the gene expression profile related with bone health of SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells. MS-10 increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin, and reduced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) activity in osteoblast-like cells. A clinical study showed that treatment with MS-10 (500 mg/day for 3 months) led to a significant decrease in ALP and osteocalcin levels. Also, women’s scores on the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire that takes into account vasomotor, psychosocial, physical, and sexual health, improved by 18.8%. In conclusion, the herbal material MS-10 may improve menopausal symptoms, including bone health.

Continuous- Time Bandpass Delta-Sigma Modulators (CTBPDSMs) are effective for IF sampling and simplify receiver design. Bitstream processing (BSP) can be combined with an array of CTBPDSMs to enable highly area and power efficient digital beamforming. BSP directly processes the raw bit-stream outputs of the quantizers, enabling digital processing with simple MUXs. The combination of BSP and CTBPDSMs is also effective in a digital PLL. Emerging techniques show the promise of multi-band noise-shaping in a CTDSM.

Mobile application processors (APs) must be extremely power efficient, while providing high performance for improved user experiences, higher graphic-rendering performance, fancy camera operations, faster data communication, as well as longer battery life [1]–[3]. In this paper, we introduce a power-efficient highperformance 7nm Exynos™ AP processor with tri-cluster CPUs, a sparsity-aware NPU, and a HW auto-clock gating (HWACG) feature.

The in-situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of pinecone over HY catalysts, HY(30; SiO2/Al2O3), HY(60), and 1% Ni/HY(30), was studied by TGA and Py-GC/MS. Thermal and catalytic TGA indicated that the main decomposition temperature region of pinecone, from 200 to 400 °C, was not changed using HY catalysts. On the other hand, the DTG peak heights were differentiated by the additional use of HY catalysts. Py-GC/MS analysis showed that the efficient conversion of phenols and other oxygenates formed from the pyrolysis of pinecone to aromatic hydrocarbons could be achieved using HY catalysts. Of the HY catalysts assessed, HY(30), showed higher efficiency in the production of aromatic hydrocarbons than HY(60) because of its higher acidity. The aromatic hydrocarbon production was increased further by increasing the pyrolysis temperature from 500 to 600 °C and increasing the amount of catalyst due to the enhanced cracking ability and overall acidity. The use of 1% Ni/HY(30) also increased the amount of monoaromatic hydrocarbons compared to the use of HY(30) due to the additional role of Ni in enhancing the deoxygenation and aromatization of reaction intermediates.

A 1 GHz intermediate frequency, 16-element, 4-beam digital beamformer facilitates multi-in multi-out, 5G mobile, and other emerging communication standards. Digital beamforming has been limited by high power consumption, large die area, and the need for a large number of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The proposed digital beamformer addresses these issues by combining interleaved bit stream processing (IL-BSP) with power- and area-efficient continuous-time bandpass delta-sigma modulators (CTBPDSMs). Compared to conventional DSP, IL-BSP reduces both power and area by 80%. The new CTBPDSM architecture reduces ADC area by 67% and the energy per conversion by 43% with a power- and area-efficient three-stage nested $G_{m} - {C}$ op-amp and a passive summer. With an 11.2 dB array gain, the digital beamformer achieves a 58.5 dB signal to noise and distortion ratio and a 59.6 dB SNR over a 100 MHz bandwidth. Thanks to the accurate digitization and digital processing, the measured beam patterns of the four simultaneous beams are near ideal.

Existing evolutionary approaches to automatic composition generate only a few melodies in a certain style that is specified by the setting of parameters or the design of fitness functions. Thus, their composition results cannot cover the various tastes of music. In addition, they are not able to deal with the multidimensional nature of music. This paper presents a novel multi-objective evolutionary approach to automatic melody composition in order to produce a variety of melodies at once. To this end, two conflicting fitness measures are investigated to evaluate the fitness of melody; (1) stability and (2) tension . Resorting to music theory, genetic operators (i.e., crossover and mutation) are newly designed to improve search capability in the multi-objective fitness space of music composition. The experimental results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Moreover, the analysis of composition results proves that the proposed approach generates a set of pleasant and diverse melodies.

Platinum diselenide (PtSe2) is an emerging transition-metal dichalcogenide showing both strong interlayer coupling and remarkable electrical properties. Because field-effect transistors (FETs) recently fabricated using PtSe2 films grown by various methods have not shown the high mobilities and on–off ratios compared with exfoliated PtSe2 and predicted by theoretical calculations, the PtSe2 growth mechanism must be better understood to prevent the degradation of electrical properties and improve the electrical performances of PtSe2-based devices. Therefore, molecular beam epitaxy is used in the current study to grow PtSe2 films, and a correlation is demonstrated between the initial PtSe2 growth kinetics and the electrical performances of PtSe2-based devices. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and annular dark field–scanning transmission electron microscopy show that metallic Platinum (Pt) is present in the thin PtSe2 films, as explained by the density functional theory calculations comparing Pt–Pt bond with Pt–Se bond. Electrical measurements of the PtSe2-based FETs show that the electrical performances are closely correlated with the initial growth kinetics of the PtSe2 films, indicating that removing Pt (which degrades device performance) is the most important aspect of growing thin PtSe2 films to optimize device performance.

In this paper, applied-field magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters were operated with a discharge current lower than 20 A and an argon propellant flow rate under 4.0 mg/s by using a thermionic electron emission-type hollow cathode. Both axisymmetric and rectangular channel configurations were examined. The characteristic value of the ratio of the applied-field electromagnetic thrust to the self-field electromagnetic thrust, which was a maximum of approximately 50 in previous research, increased to more than 800 in this study, whereas the specific power was in approximately the same range as in previous studies. The trends of thrust and discharge voltage were explained by referring to the “swirl acceleration” model. Such operation could be useful for near-future high-power electric propulsion applications.

We propose an ADC-digital codesign approach to IF sampling digital beamforming (DBF) that combines continuous-time bandpass ${\Delta \Sigma }$ modulators (CTBPDSMs) and bit-stream processing (BSP). This approach enables power- and area-efficient DBF by removing the need for digital multipliers and multiple decimators. The prototype beamformer digitizes eight 260 MHz IF signals at 1040 MS/s with eight CTBPDSMs, and performs digital down conversion and phase shifting with only multiplexers directly on the undecimated CTBPDSM outputs. With two sets of phase shifters, the prototype simultaneously forms two independent beams. Each phase shifter is controlled by a 12 bit programmable complex weight to provide a total of 240 phase-shift steps. By constructively combining inputs from eight elements, an 8.9 dB SNDR improvement is achieved, resulting in an array SNDR of 63.3 dB over a 10 MHz bandwidth. Fabricated in 65 nm CMOS, the eight-element two-beam prototype beamformer is the first IC implementation of IF sampling DBF. It occupies $\text{0.28}\;\text{mm}^{ 2}$ , and consumes 123.7 mW.