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In recent decades, clean energy has been introduced as an alternative energy source. In this respect, the automobile sector, one of the world’s most prominent industries, has significantly contributed to the problem. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are among the most acceptable power sources for the automobile sector. Li-ion batteries benefit from high energy storage density, high cycle lifetime, and minimal self-discharge. Despite this, Li-ion batteries generate a significant amount of heat during the charge/discharge process due to chemical reactions and ohmic resistance. At the same time, Li-ion battery lifespan, efficiency, and safety are all influenced by temperature and temperature uniformity, which has become a significant factor affecting Li-ion battery performance. According to the studies, the suitable operating temperature for Li-ion batteries is slightly from about 25 to 40 °C, with a maximum temperature variance of less than 5 °C between cells and modules. Consequently, designing a capable battery thermal management system (BTMS) has become a fundamental challenge in the automotive industry to control and remove the generated heat by the cells from the safety and reliability evaluation. In addition, investigating the different thermal management systems (TMSs), their advantages, and disadvantages are critical in the automotive study. Therefore, a variation of active, passive, and hybrid cooling systems have been developed during the past decade to reach the heat-dissipation necessity for Li-ion batteries. The following chapter presents a comprehensive review of different cooling methods for battery thermal management at the cell, module, and pack levels. The chapter is organised as follows. Section 4.2 represents the objective of the research. Section 4.3 presents electric vehicle (EV) trend. Section 4.4, presents the different TMSs of the Li-ion batteries. The lifetime performance of Li-ion batteries is described in Section 4.5. The fundamental aspects, QC 20230630Part of ISBN 9781119801078 9781119801047

Electric vehicles (EVs) are the most capable technologies replacing the internal combustion engine in the transport system over the past few decades [1]. The battery is a source of energy that combines two or more cells where electrochemical reactions occur to provide power to the EVs. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are one of the most significant power sources because of their advantages, including high-energy storage density, long-cyclic life span, and low self-discharge [2,3]. However, Li-ion batteries due to chemical reactions and ohmic resistance in the process of charge/discharge generate a considerable amount of heat that may cause problems such as overheating, swelling, and even explosion [4,5]. Therefore, designing an efficient battery thermal management system (BTMS) has become a significant challenge in EVs to control and remove the generated heat by the cells from the reliability evaluation of the Li-ion batteries' points of view. The main properties of any BTMS comprise low manufacturing cost, simple layout requirements, high reliability, small in size and rigid, inexpensive, low weight, and no harmful gas emission [6]. Many cooling systems are applied in EVs using different active and passive cooling technologies. Active cooling systems, including forced air cooling and liquid cooling, need an external source of energy [7]., Part of ISBN 9780128204917, 9780128208939QC 20240712