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Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of whey on the physicochemical characteristics and texture kneading coastal cheese was evaluated. Four formulations with three replicates were performed. All formulations had fixed the fat amount (MG) with 3.2%, and the content of whey (LS) was varied. Formulation 1: 3.2% Fat Milk (Control); Formulation 2: Milk 3.2% MG + 2% LS; Formulation 3: Milk 3.2% MG + 4% LS; Formulation 4: milk 3.2% + 6% LS. Physicochemical tests were performed for milk and cheese, and texture profile analysis (TPA) for cheese. The results show that the addition of concentrated cheese whey proteins results in increased yield. The addition of whey affects the textural characteristics of the cheese. The hardness of the cheese, and thus the chewiness decreased as the addition of whey increased. Also, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and elasticity increased with the addition of whey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to investigate the competences in information and communication technologies (ICT) of the administrators of micro, small and medium size enterprises (MiPymes) with the aim of proposing a Training Program for the digital empowerment of this important Colombian social sector. Under an actionresearch methodology, 250 representatives of these companies were surveyed. The results demonstrate a high availability rate in the network and an adequate technological infrastructure, despite the low employment reported for the use of ICT and the Web page, given the low levels of ICT preparation. It is concluded that there is an inconsistent relationship between both dimensions; while the conditions of accessibility are given, the advantages of these resources to digitally empower these entrepreneurs through the integration of digital knowledge are not taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research identifies the technological competencies of Colombian public officials in the municipality of Riohacha to detect the digital divide that prevents the approach of these officials to citizens. With a qualitative-quantitative methodological approach based on a study case, a questionnaire is applied to 35 representatives of the mentioned municipality. The quantitative results are located at the low level, showing that they almost never use the potential of ICT to meet the needs of the population in terms of the services offered by the government, while the qualitative data responds to the socio demographic characteristics of sampling. Consequently, a government school is proposed in this paper for the training these officials in Information and Communication Technologies, so they can offer better service to the citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to quantify the levels of sulfamethoxazole, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and lincomycin in chicken sold in Bazurto Market, local shops and supermarkets in the city of Cartagena (Colombia). For this 10 random samples from each site of origin were obtained, having a total of 30 samples for study. These samples were packed in new and not-used polyethylene bags properly labeled before being frozen at -18+1 °C. Quantification was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All samples exceeded the minimum amounts of drugs according to Codex Alimentarius, except breasts supermarket. These are within the limits of sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin and are the samples that presented the lowest detection threshold for all analyzes. The only breasts that met the limits of Colombian legislation for microbial counts were those sold by chain supermarkets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]