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Although Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) from India into Least Developed Countries (LDCs) has been increasing amid various initiatives and policy reforms undertaken by the Government of India viz., Duty-Free Tariff Preference Scheme, Asia Africa Growth Corridor etc., India still does not feature amongst the top ten investor economies in LDCs. This makes it imperative to understand what causes OFDI from India into LDCs? Do the host country (LDCs) market-seeking and resource-seeking factors help in pushing OFDI from India into LDCs? For this purpose, the study employs Tobit regression model to empirically test the panel data of 13 LDCs during the period 2008–2018. The results indicate that OFDI from India in LDCs is both market-seeking as well as resource-seeking. It is also observed that OFDI in Asian LDCs is more than African LDCs. However, Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) between India and LDCs do not play a significant role in attracting FDI from India into LDCs. Finally, the study proposes important implications for policy makers in India viz. boosting its investment in African LDCs, encouraging private sector enterprises and capturing the untapped potential in the infrastructural projects in LDCs. The study lays down several implications for policy makers in LDCs also, viz. focusing on skill development of human resources, boosting its FDI in sectors like real estate, telecommunications, etc. and ensuring appropriate enforcement of BITs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Factor X (FX) is a vitamin K-dependent enzyme, which acts as an important coagulation factor of coagulation cascade. FX deficiency is an autosomal recessive inherited disease and is often demonstrated in families with consanguity. Pregnancy in women with congenital FX deficiency has been associated with adverse fetal outcomes. We report a case of pregnancy in women with FX deficiency. The patient needed an immediate caesarean section at 38 weeks of gestation because of severe oligohydramnios and fetal distress. FX deficiency during pregnancy was effectively managed, leading to a positive outcome through the optimal utilisation of available resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major global issues is the urgency of nosocomial infections, biofilm development, and antibiotic resistance. The ESKAPE pathogens are a significant factor in these problems (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species). These pathogens, often known as hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), are common in hospital settings and present one of the most significant difficulties in treatment. The development of biofilms, in which the microbial cells adapt to a multicellular lifestyle by getting trapped inside the extracellular polymeric matrix, is a key biological concept in clinical contexts. For the creation of novel antimicrobial agents, as well as for the repurposing of currently accessible medications or pre-clinical substances and the broader use of combination therapies, it is essential to comprehend the process by which these bacteria build biofilms. The Pathomechanisms of these bacterial biofilm formations and alternate strategies to prevent biofilm formation in hospital management are highlighted in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual Edification is united by web mechanics and customary learning. It develops briskly lately. Large statistics has the physiognomies of enormity, broadening, truncated worth and promptness, which is profoundly impelling and reenacting the virtual edification. The learning on the scholastic mechanization toning large statistics exploration, and the assessment of the expansion inclination and edict of virtual edification can comfort to efficaciously acquire out of the impasse fronting with the virtual edification, and to comprehend the personalized expansion stratagem with the indorsed scholastic mechanization and edifying philosophy established on large statistics. How to practice the large statistics mechanics in this arena? Here offered single mode and given single case in point to exemplify and deliberate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pioglitazone has been a cornerstone of oral hypoglycemic therapy. Concerns have been raised about its association with urinary bladder cancer. Considering the wide usage of this drug, concrete and multiple population-based studies are needed to establish the safety of this drug. The present retrospective study is aimed to assess the association of pioglitazone with urinary bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: Clinical records of 4170 patients (2085 pioglitazone users and similar number of nonpioglitazone users) attending the diabetes clinic at a tertiary level teaching hospital were accessed, and the patients were subjected to symptom-directed questionnaire, urine examination, and cystoscopy and bladder biopsy (whenever clinically indicated). The risk of bladder cancer was also assessed with respect to cumulative dose and duration of pioglitazone. Results: We did not observe any increased risk of bladder malignancy with pioglitazone exposure; furthermore, there was no association with cumulative dose and duration of pioglitazone therapy. Pioglitazone was found to be effective and safe in managing glycemic control in diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Aim: The present study aims to assess the glycemic status during voluntary blood donation as a strategy to detect undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. Material and Method: Study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital and medical college. All voluntary blood donors underwent random capillary blood glucose screening and patients who had random blood sugar exceeding 200 mg/dl were subjected to undergo oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The subjects thus detected diabetic by capillary blood sugar and OGTT underwent screening diabetic kidney disease with urine albumin to creatnine ratio (UACR). Data collected was statistically analyzed using SPSS 16 using Student's t test. Results: Seven hundred and sixty five males and 443 females were enrolled for the study. Capillary blood sugar of 54 subjects was ≥200 mg/dl. 48 subjects gave consent for OGTT, stratified data showed 22 subjects (12 males and 10 females) were in range of 200–300 mg/dl. 20 subjects (12 males and 8 females) were in range of 300–400 mg/dl, whereas 6 subjects (5 males and 1 female) had blood sugar more than 400 mg/dl. The HbA1C ranges in respective glycemic groups were 200–300 mg/dl – 7.4% to 8.6% (mean – 8.05%), 300–400 mg/dl – 8.7% to 11.8% (mean 9.63%), more than 400 mg/dl – 11.8% to 14.2% (mean – 13%). Male preponderance was observed in all glycemic groups, though the difference was statistically insignificant. Of the 48 diabetic subjects, 13 (27.08%) were detected to have albuminuria, of these 11 (22.91%) had microalbuminuria (UACR 30 – 300 mg/gm), whereas 2 (4.16%) had overt proteinuria (UACR exceeding 300 mg/gm). Conclusion: Glycemic screening with random capillary blood glucose screening, 75 gm 2 hour OGTT and HbA1C amongst voluntary blood donors can be used to detect pre diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Raj. Sharma, Anupama. Kaul, Anurag. Gupta, Dharmendra. Bhadauria, Narayan. Prasad, Apoorva. Jain, M. Gurjar, Bhaskar. Rao Organochloride insecticides are chlorinated cyclic hydrocarbons. One of such insecticides is endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10-10 [...]