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Neetu Singh,1,* Archana Mishra,2,* Dinesh Kumar Sahu,1,* Mayank Jain,1,* Hari Shyam,1,* Ratnesh Kumar Tripathi,1 Pratap Shankar,1 Anil Kumar,1 Nawazish Alam,1 Riddhi Jaiswal,3 Shailendra Kumar2 1Department of Centre for Advanced Research, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, India; 2Department of Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India; 3Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Neetu SinghDepartment of Centre for Advanced Research, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, IndiaTel +91-9984801444Fax +91-522-2257439Email neetusingh@kgmcindia.eduShailendra KumarDepartment of Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226 003, IndiaTel +91-8707001450Fax +91-522-2257439Email skkgmu@gmail.comIntroduction: Heterogeneity of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) among patients is currently not well studied. Pathologic markers and staging systems have not been a precise predictor of the prognosis of an individual patient. Hence, we hypothesize to develop a transcript-based signature to categorize stage IIIA-NSCLC in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), plus identify markers that could indicate the prognosis of the disease.Methods: Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 (HTA) and NanoString nCounter® platform were used for high-throughput gene-expression profiling. Initially, we profiled stage IIIA-NSCLC through HTA and validated through NanoString. Additionally, two metastatic markers SPP1 and CDH2 were validated in 47 NSCLC stage IIIA samples through real-time PCR.Results: We observed distinct gene clusters in LUAD and LUSC with down-regulation of six genes and up-regulation of 57 genes through HTA. Ninety-six transcripts were randomly selected after analyzing HTA data and validated on the NanoString platform. We found 40 differentially expressed transcripts that categorized NSCLC into LUAD and LUSC. SPP1 is significantly overexpressed (4.311± 1.27 fold in LUAD and 13.41± 3.82 fold in LUSC compared to control), and the CDH2 transcript was significantly overexpressed (11.53 ± 4.027-fold compared to control) only in LUSC.Discussion: These markers enable us to categorize stage IIIA NSCLC into LUAD and LUSC plus these markers may be helpful to understand the pathophysiology of NSCLC. However, more data required to make these findings useful in general clinical practice.Keywords: non-small cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, human transcriptome array, NanoString

Turner′s hypoplasia usually manifests as a portion of missing or diminished enamel, generally affecting one or more permanent teeth in the oral cavity. A case report of 8 year old girl who met with trauma at 2 years of age leading to primary incisors being knocked out, reported after 6 years with complaint of pain and discharge in her anterior malformed teeth is discussed in this article. The permanent incisors erupted with dilacerated crown, root malformations and missing enamel. Further, patient developed sinus, lateral root pathology, tooth mobility and malocclusion in relation to affected teeth which were managed by esthetic, functional, endodontic and surgical procedure. Root canal treatment along with palatal contouring and esthetic restoration by light cure composite was performed on the tooth with crown dilaceration and sinus, where as surgical management was considered for the tooth with root malformation.

Objective: To analyse the various factors affecting pregnancy rate after microsurgical tubal recanalisation. Design: Prospective study, follow-up of 5 years in patients treated with tubal microsurgery. Setting: Referral Tertiary Care Hospital. Patients: Fifty women underwent microsurgical tubal recanalisation procedure. Principles of microsurgery were followed throughout the procedure meticulously. Interventions: Microsurgical tubal recanalisation. Main outcome measure: Pregnancy rate. Results: With microsurgery, an overall 60% pregnancy rate was achieved. In these patients, pregnancy outcome was in form of intrauterine pregnancy (96.66%), ectopic pregnancy (3.33%), term viable pregnancy (96.55%) and spontaneous abortion (3.45%). Conclusions: The important factors for determining the success of operation were age of the patient, time interval between sterilization and reversal, site of ligation, method used for previous ligation & the remaining length of the tube after recanalisation. The microsurgical technique should be available at specialized centres to improve the success of family planning services.

Research question : (i) What is the community′s perception (assessment & analysis) of causes underlying neonatal, infant and under five deaths? (ii) What action does the community take thereafter? Objectives : To stimulate the community to assess and analyze the causes and underlying social delays responsible for neonatal, infant and under five deaths in their villages and subsequently take collective action to prevent these deaths in future using Social Audits for Community Action (SACA). Design : Retrospective Participatory study. Setting : Rural community development blocks, district Agra, Uttar Pradesh. Material and Methods : SACA were conducted in a total of 152 villages of Fathehpur Sikri and Bichpuri blocks of district Agra, U.P. One SACA was conducted in each of the 211 anganwadi catchment areas, wherein 10-15 women from different socio-clusters of the community participated in a participatory discussion on issues pertaining to number of births and deaths of children less than five years of age in the last one-year. Results : 7656 live births and 749 under-five deaths were reported during the year 2002. The neonatal, infant and under-five mortality rate was 39.4, 73.5 and 85 per 1,000 live births respectively. Hypothermia, pneumonia, birth asphyxia, prematurity and low birth weight emerged as major causes of neonatal deaths. Majority of deaths of infants and children 1-5 years of age were found to have occurred due to severe malnutrition and diarrhoea. The community realized that majority of deaths occurred because of the delay in recognition of the seriousness of problem, delay in taking decision to seek appropriate care and delay in arranging transport/money. Subsequently, behaviour change communication strategies were re-defined to help community assess signs of illness and take preparedness measures to prevent child deaths in future. Conclusion : Strategies like dialoguing with the community using social audits for community action is a more useful and cost effective approach for initiating behaviour change at community level.

Sputter-deposited Pt-Au thin films have been reported to develop a hard, stable, nanocrystalline structure, yet little is known about how these characteristics vary with PtxAu1−x composition and process conditions. Toward this end, this document describes an extensive, combinatorial Pt-Au thin film library including characterized film compositions, structure, and properties. Complemented by kinematic Monte Carlo simulations of codeposition, a broad range of PtxAu1−x compositions (from x ∼ 0.02 to 0.93) was first established by sputtering with varied magnetron powers and gun tilt angles. The produced films were subsequently interrogated using automated nanoindentation, x-ray reflectivity, x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, surface profilometry, four-point probe sheet resistance techniques, and wavelength dispersive spectroscopy in order to determine how hardness, modulus, density, surface roughness, structure, and resistivity vary with film stoichiometry and process parameters. Combinatorial films displayed an assortment of properties with the hardness of some films exceeding values reported previously for this material system. High hardness, high modulus, and low resistivity were generally attained when using increased deposition energy and reduced angle-of-incidence processes. Overall, the research identified promising, new PtxAu1−x compositions for future study and pinpointed strategies for improved deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out by 13 undergraduate students during their rural posting in Community Medicine at Ballabgarh (Haryana). The Study was performed in a High School to find out the prevalence of dental problems and their probable etiology in 490 school children between 4-17 years of age. The prevalence of caries was found to be 65% and that of dental fluorosis was 40.4%. Consumption of refined sugar in the form of sweets between meals greatly enhanced the problem of dental caries. Plaque, Inadequate cleaning practices leading to poor dental hygiene, flurosis and the lack of earl medical intervention were other contributing factors. There was a lack of awareness about dental hygiene. Community therapy in the form of distribution of pamphlets, posters, giving health talks and a health talks and a health march was imparted with the aim of aiding the primary prevention of dental diseases.