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Introduction: Piriformis Syndrome (PS) is a neuromuscular condition caused due to tightness of piriformis muscle along with the irritation of the sciatic nerve. Management of PS so far involved only musculoskeletal component with none working on the neural component. So, authors intent to work on combined effectiveness of Dry Needling (DN) and Neurodynamic Mobilisation (NDS) as a new emerging technique for better management of PS. Case Report: Four patients were involved (3 females and 1 male) who experienced untreated and recurrent PS for a prolonged period (1-2 years) during their fourth decade. After reassessment of the patients, PS was confirmed by Flexion Adduction and internal rotation (FAIR), Beatty maneuver, and Straight Leg Raise (SLR). Baseline and post measurements were taken using outcome variables VAS, Pain Pressure Threshold, h-reflex, hip rotations range of motion, and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS). Patients recruited were given a 10-days treatment with dry needling for 10 minutes on alternate days and continuous neurodynamic mobilisation (sliders and tensioners) comprising 30 repetitions/minute for 2 sets with a 1-minute rest in between, in addition to conventional therapy. The study revealed substantial improvement in pain scores, pressure threshold, h-latency, hip rotations and functional capabilities of the lower extremities. A study demonstrated a notably substantial enhancement in addressing symptoms associated with both the muscular and neural aspects, along with the overall improvement in quality of life. Addressing to it neural and muscular with NDS and DN has long lasting effects and reduced frequency of reoccurrence of PS symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ability to locomote heavily relies on the effectiveness of one's lower limbs. In contemporary society, due to sedentary lifestyles and inadequate nutritional habits, individuals as young as 40 years old often present to outpatient departments with complaints of lower extremity pain, which is most of the time miscellaneous in nature. Therefore, an outcome measure such as Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) that completely assesses functional status and thus help in planning perfect treatment protocol gets ideal for use. Aim: To gather information regarding the problems faced by authors while getting final translated version of LEFS in the desired language. This is done in order to understand the diversity present in different cultures. Materials and Methods: Multiple databases like PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library were searched to gather all available translations to date. Various terms were used so that no article gets Introduction: Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) face not only respiratory challenges, but also posture issues, leading to compromised balance, increased fall risk, and activities limitations. As traditional pulmonary rehabilitation lacks global accessibility, alternative approaches like Virtual Reality (VR) technologies and Sensamove with biofeedback have been explored offering benefits such as adjustable difficulty levels, performance monitoring, and movement guidance. Aim: To highlight the advancement in balance training among individuals with COPD. skipped, like 'LEFS', 'translations', 'adaptation', 'LEFS and validity' and 'Reliability' with the help of Boolean operation like 'AND' and 'OF'. Articles published between 1999 and 2023 were systematically gathered. Following extensive screening, a total of 20 translations were gathered out of which 17 were included. Results: It was observed that native individuals embraced the adaptation of LEFS; however, several modifications, including alterations to specific items, were necessary to enhance its level of acceptance among people. Conclusion: For better cultural adaptation, translated versions had slight modifications in them. But item no. 12 out of all the items was the one to undergo maximum modifications followed by item no. 11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]