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This study is aimed to find out the types of errors made by the presenters of thesis proposal seminar based on Communicative Effect Taxonomy and to find out whether or not global errors of Communicative Effect Taxonomy made by the presenters of thesis proposal seminar significantly hinder communication between the presenters and the audiences. This study used qualitative approach since the data of this study was taken from 4 students' presentations which were in the form of words rather than number and statistic. This study revealed that there were 188 errors committed by the students in which 179 and 9 erroneous utterances fall under local error and global error respectively. The local errors consist of 45 lexical errors, 93 morphological errors, and 41 syntactical errors. The global errors consist of 2 wrong order of major constituents, 1 missing, wrong, or misplaced sentence connectors, 1 missing, wrong, or misplaced sentence connectors, and 5 uncategorized global errors. As for the effect of global error to the audience, the writer found out that the global errors did not significantly hinder communication to the audience.

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) occurs in >50% of diabetic patients and is a high risk‐factor of balance problems and risk of falls. Impaired balance can lead to reduced function, which has a detrimental effect on patients' quality of life. Structured strength and balance training can result in sustained improvements in muscle strength, coordination, balance, functional status and quality of life. Objective: To determine the combined effects of strength and balance training versus aerobic training on balance, severity of symptoms of DPN, and quality of life in patients with DPN. Methods: This double blinded, two arm parallel design Randomized Clinical Trial. The study was conducted from March to December 2020 in the AIMS diabetic center Peshawar, Pakistan. Participants were selected through convenience sampling technique and randomly allocated into strength plus balance and aerobic training groups. Type 2 diabetic patients of both sexes, aged 40 to 80 years, with a Toronto neuropathy score ≥6 recruited, while patients with ulceration/infection of feet, medical/Surgical conditions, and non‐ambulatory patients were excluded from this study. Intervention was applied 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The Toronto clinical neuropathy system was used to assess neuropathy severity, SF‐36 to assess quality of life and the Berg balance scale was used for assessment of balance. Assessment was done at the baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention using SPSS. Version 22 was used for analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 60.80 ± 9.73. Between group analysis, which showed were statistically insignificant for neuropathy severity, balance and all domains of quality of life (p‐value >0.05) except SF‐36 General Health Perception Score, with Mean ± SD of 62.50 ± 7.54 in group A versus Mean ± SD of in group B 60.00 ± 15.98 (p‐value = 0.05). Within group analysis showed statistically significant results for neuropathy severity, balance and all domains of quality of life (p‐value<0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that there is a statistically significant effect of structured balance and strength training and aerobic training on severity of DPN, balance and quality of life. But there was no statistically significant difference in improvement between the two intervention groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the genomic characterization of bZIP genes and their involvement in the cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These studies have provided valuable insights into the coordinated cellular response to ER stress, which is mediated by bZIP transcription factors (TFs). However, a comprehensive and systematic investigations regarding the role of bZIP genes and their involvement in ER stress response in pak choi is currently lacking in the existing literature. To address this knowledge gap, the current study was initiated to elucidate the genomic characteristics of bZIP genes, gain insight into their expression patterns during ER stress in pak choi, and investigate the protein-to-protein interaction of bZIP genes with the ER chaperone BiP. In total, 112 members of the BcbZIP genes were identified through a comprehensive genome-wide analysis. Based on an analysis of sequence similarity, gene structure, conserved domains, and responsive motifs, the identified BcbZIP genes were categorized into 10 distinct subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. Chromosomal location and duplication events provided insight into their genomic context and evolutionary history. Divergence analysis estimated their evolutionary history with a predicted divergence time ranging from 0.73 to 80.71 million years ago (MYA). Promoter regions of the BcbZIP genes were discovered to exhibit a wide variety of cis-elements, including light, hormone, and stress-responsive elements. GO enrichment analysis further confirmed their roles in the ER unfolded protein response (UPR), while co-expression network analysis showed a strong relationship of BcbZIP genes with ER-stress-responsive genes. Moreover, gene expression profiles and protein–protein interaction with ER chaperone BiP further confirmed their roles and capacity to respond to ER stress in pak choi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging flexible device technologies have fascinated the modern optoelectronic industry owing to their invincible properties such as wearable, stretchable, smart, energy‐efficient, scalability, cost‐effective, and high performance. However, there is still room for improvements such as performance, reliability, and mass production. This research work fabricates laser‐induced graphene (LIG) interdigitated electrodes based on flexible UV photodetectors over polyimide substrate, using solution‐processed tungsten oxide (WO3) thin film as photoactive material. The best device performance is achieved through the optimization of laser power for the deposition of LIG, as well as a different solvent for WO3. The device shows excellent photoresponsivity, external quantum efficiency, and specific detectivity of 500 mA W−1, 164%, and 3.09 × 1012 Jones, respectively. Moreover, a fast response time, such as 0.3 ms for 375 nm light, is observed. This study offers a comprehensive elucidation of the intricate process through which photoelectrons are moved toward WO3 facilitated by the electric field present at the interface of the LIG and WO3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the study of the performance of a novel SU-8 waveguide on a quartz substrate for evanescent fluorescence spectroscopy. The sensitivity of the sensing platform (SU-8/quartz) was compared to an SU-8 waveguide on silica fabricated with the standard protocol. The physical properties of the SU-8/quartz waveguide resulting from a novel fabrication process allowed for a higher fluorescence coupling and lower optical losses than the SU-8/silica waveguide. The impact of the different indices of refraction of both waveguides on the fluorescence collection efficiency was calculated with three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations by simulating randomly oriented and phased dimensionless current dipoles in the vicinity of their sensing layers. An evanescent fluorescence spectroscopy experiment was performed with different concentrations of Alexa-647 labeled-BSA proteins immobilized on the two polymer waveguides to compare the sensitivity of both sensing platforms. The SU-8/quartz waveguide revealed to have a higher calculated fluorescence collection efficiency and also a greater measured fluorescence light output compared to the SU-8/silica waveguide.

A numerical simulation is made on the thermal lensing effect in an laser diode end-pumped Nd:YAG laser rod. Based on finite element method (FEM), the laser rod temperature distribution is calculated and the focal length is deduced for a Gaussian and super-Gaussian pump beam profiles. At the pump power of 20W, the highest temperature located at the center of end-pumped face was 345K, and the thermal lens focal length was 81.4mm along the x-z axis. The results indicate that the thermal lensing effect sensitively depend on the pump power, waist radius of the pump beam and the pump distribution in a laser rod geometry.

The present study focused on identifying the challenges faced by entrepreneurs in Iraq, where the researcher applied the analytical descriptive approach and used direct interviews and a questionnaire, where she interviewed 16 managers and officials of entrepreneurial institutions and distributed the questionnaire to (120) entrepreneurs, as the study sample was cross-sectional because it was used once and for a period Short and the sample type is random because it gives a generalization level of reliability (95%) for the results and characteristics reached by the study on a study population. The researcher used a set of statistical measures appropriate to the nature of the study, such as the alpha Kronbach coefficient, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and linear regression test to test hypotheses and reach conclusions to formulate a group. Among the recommendations that help to face the challenges in the Iraqi society market, the study concluded that entrepreneurs in Iraq are challenges related to political instability and they face challenges in accessing international markets due to the continuation of conflict and sanctions and they face challenges related to the lack of legislative laws that protect them and that the nature of the relationship between the two variables is Inverse relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a steady-state heat transfer equation in a side-pumped Nd:YAG laser rod was solved numerically using finite element method (FEA). The resulting temperature and stress distributions were calculated under the condition of totally and partially direct side pumping structures with LASCAD software. From the result of simulation, we compare between the different pumping lengths, and mainly indicate the effect of pumping lengths on the temperature distribution, stress, displacement and the optical path difference (OPD).