Search

One of the most famous methods for minimizing power loss is distribution network reconfiguration (DNR). Accordingly, many researchers have focused their work on finding a network's optimal configuration in planning mode. However, few address the switching sequence process during operation mode. This paper introduces an innovative approach to minimize power loss in distribution networks. It addresses the often-overlooked real-time switching sequence order (SSO) during network operation, ensuring a smooth transition to the optimal configuration within operational constraints. Simultaneously, it optimizes distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) and distributed generation location and sizing (DG-LS) to maximize load capacity. The primary goal is to reduce power losses, improve voltage profiles, and enhance network efficiency. Utilizing multi-objective decision methods based on AHP, particle swarm optimization (PSO), and firefly algorithm (FA), this study achieves efficient results for SSO, DNR, and DG-LS optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on reconfiguration focused on the final configuration that reported the lowest losses. However, loads are growing rapidly, which is an important aspect that was not considered. This paper discusses an effective loadability approach to obtain the maximum load that could be added to any network. The main goal of this paper is to minimize power losses, enhance voltage index and achieve the maximum network loadability through simultaneous optimal size and location of distributed-generations (DGs), network reconfiguration and tab changer adjustment. A multi-objective decision approach integrated with weight factors that consider the maximum network loadability with the minimum loss and best voltage profile is the methodology adopted. Firefly (FA) was the selected optimization technique. The weight factors of the optimization function are determined using analytic hierarchy process. To assess the capabilities of the proposed method, simulations using MATLAB software are carried out on different networks. The obtained outcomes prove that integrating optimal placement and sizing of DGs in the system and network reconfiguration incorporating tap changer adjustment simultaneously yields a remarkable enhancement in voltage profile index, the minimum losses and the maximum bus loadability. The active and reactive power loss reductions for scenario 5 are 72.40% and 66.59% for IEEE 33-bus networks. Part of the output results is compared with other published works, and the proposed approach obtains a better result. The results report a high-power loss reduction of 71.55% for IEEE 33-bus systems. The proposed method also produces a better voltage profile compared with other published works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inclusion of wind energy in a power system network is currently seeing a significant increase. However, this inclusion has resulted in degradation of the inertia response, which in turn seriously affects the stability of the power system's frequency. This problem can be solved by using an active power reserve to stabilize the frequency within an allowable limit in the event of a sudden load increment or the loss of generators. Active power reserves can be utilized via three approaches: (1) de-loading method (pitching or over-speeding) by a variable speed wind turbine (VSWT); (2) stored energy in the capacitors of voltage source converter-high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) transmission; and (3) coordination of frequency regulation between the offshore wind farms and the VSC-HVDC transmission. This paper reviews the solutions that can be used to overcome problems related to the frequency stability of grid- integrated offshore wind turbines. It also details the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) with full-scale back to back (B2B) converters, its corresponding control strategies, and a typical VSC-HVDC system with an associated control system. The control methods, both on the levels of a wind turbine and the VSC-HVDC system that participate in a system's primary frequency control and emulation inertia, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a radial distribution network integrated with distributed generation (DG), frequency and voltage instability could occur due to grid disconnection, which would result in an islanded network. This paper proposes an optimal load shedding scheme to balance the electricity demand and the generated power of DGs. The integration of the Firefly Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization (FAPSO) is proposed for the application of the planned load shedding and under frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme. In planning mode, the hybrid optimization maximizes the amount of load remaining and improves the voltage profile of load buses within allowable limits. Moreover, the hybrid optimization can be used in UFLS scheme to identify the optimal combination of loads that need to be shed from a network in operation mode. In order to assess the capabilities of the hybrid optimization, the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system and part of the Malaysian distribution network with different types of DGs were used. The response of the proposed optimization method in planning and operation were compared with other optimization techniques. The simulation results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid optimization in planning mode and demonstrated that the proposed UFLS scheme is quick enough to restore the system frequency without overshooting in less execution time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power losses in a distribution system are commonly minimised via optimal network reconfiguration (NR). Previously, research on NR was focused on planning, where the final configuration reporting the lowest power losses being the main goal. However, power losses during switching operations from the original state to the optimal state of configuration were not considered. This study discusses the optimal switching path for minimising power losses when reconfiguring a network. The simultaneous optimal NR and distributed generation (DG) output was also proposed. The proposed methodology involves: (i) optimal NR and DG output simultaneously and (ii) optimal switching path to convert the network from the initial configuration to the final configuration obtained from (i). The selected optimisation technique in this study is the firefly algorithm. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33-bus, 69-bus, and 118-bus radial distribution networks, while also accounting for static and dynamic loads. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method in determining the optimal path of switching operations, as well as the optimal network configuration and optimal output of DG units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power losses in a distribution system are commonly minimised via optimal network reconfiguration (NR). Previously, research on NR was focused on planning, where the final configuration reporting the lowest power losses being the main goal. However, power losses during switching operations from the original state to the optimal state of configuration were not considered. This study discusses the optimal switching path for minimising power losses when reconfiguring a network. The simultaneous optimal NR and distributed generation (DG) output was also proposed. The proposed methodology involves: (i) optimal NR and DG output simultaneously and (ii) optimal switching path to convert the network from the initial configuration to the final configuration obtained from (i). The selected optimisation technique in this study is the firefly algorithm. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33‐bus, 69‐bus, and 118‐bus radial distribution networks, while also accounting for static and dynamic loads. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method in determining the optimal path of switching operations, as well as the optimal network configuration and optimal output of DG units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]