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Simple Summary: This article outlines a framework for the development and maintenance of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy using the 3P model, which focuses on predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors. Predisposing factors increase the risk of CIPN onset; chemotherapy triggers the development of CIPN; and perpetuating factors maintain CIPN and limit recovery, such that CIPN becomes a chronic condition. In our proposed model, we have identified demographic, genetic, and clinical factors, such as comorbidities, as predisposing factors. Chemotherapy type, dose, and schedule are precipitating factors. Perpetuating factors include depression and physical activity. The proposed model can be used to identify treatment targets for the management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and debilitating symptom experienced by cancer survivors. Despite the burden of CIPN-related symptoms, interventions remain limited. Objectives: This narrative review seeks to propose a framework for CIPN predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors (3Ps), which will provide a foundation for future research and clinical interventions aimed at mitigating CIPN-related symptoms and morbidity. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, guided by keywords related to "chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy." Studies were limited to those with full text available in English. Results: Predisposing factors outlined in this framework, such as older age and comorbid conditions, can be used to identify patients who have a higher risk of developing CIPN. The major precipitating factor of CIPN is the delivery of chemotherapy to peripheral nerves, which may be mitigated via cryotherapy or compression therapy during chemotherapy. Perpetuating factors can offer insight into psychological, cognitive, and behavioral modifications that could be treatment targets for CIPN management. Conclusion: The proposed 3P model can guide the development of effective interventions for CIPN by suggesting modifiable psychological and behavioral treatment targets that may mitigate the impact of CIPN for cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encourages Level 1 students (those taking a subject for the first time at the higher education level) to develop a deeper learning approach. Uses a cooperative learning approach to pose conceptual questions for interactive discussions and changes both teaching method and form of examination paper for a Mechanics module. (Contains 17 references.) (Author/YDS)

Background Trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have published patient-reported quality of life (QOL), but the size and heterogeneity of this literature can make patient education difficult. This meta-analysis aimed to describe change in QOL and symptomatology in patients receiving ICIs for cancer. Methods Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, databases were searched through November 2019 for articles or abstracts of prospective, original studies reporting longitudinal QOL in adult cancer patients treated with ICIs. The prespecified primary outcomes were change in global QOL among patients treated with ICIs and difference in change since baseline in global QOL between patients treated with ICI vs non-ICI active treatment. Secondary outcomes included physical functioning and symptomatology. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Results Of 20 323 publications, 26 met inclusion criteria. Global QOL did not change over time in patients treated with ICIs (k = 26, n = 6974; P  =  .19). Larger improvements in global QOL was observed in patients receiving ICI vs non-ICI regimens (k = 16, ICI: n = 3588; non-ICI: n = 2948; P  <  .001). Physical functioning did not change in patients treated with ICIs (k = 14, n = 3169; P =.47); there were no differences in mean change between ICI vs non-ICI regimens (k = 11, n = 4630; P =.94). Regarding symptoms, appetite loss, insomnia, and pain severity decreased, but dyspnea severity increased in patients treated with ICIs (k = 14, n = 3243-3499; P <.001). Insomnia severity was higher in patients treated with ICIs than non-ICI regimens (k = 11, n = 4791; P  <  .001). Conclusions This study is among the first to quantitatively summarize QOL in patients treated with ICIs. Findings suggest ICI recipients report no change in global QOL and higher QOL than patients treated with non-ICI regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under suitable conditions, micron-sized dust particles introduced into inductively coupled argon plasma form a stable microscopic crystal lattice, known as a Coulomb (or plasma) crystal. In the experiment described, an external axial magnetic field was applied to various configurations of Coulomb crystal, including small crystal lattices consisting of one to several particles, and large crystal lattices with many hundreds of particles. The crystals were observed to rotate collectively under the influence of the magnetic field. This paper describes the experimental procedures and the preliminary results of this investigation. Index Terms--Complex plasma, crystal, dust, magnetic field, rotation.

Research was conducted to isolate and purify poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB)-like material from two strains of Legionella pneumophila. Characterization procedures were carried out using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectromery. The physiology of PHB formation was investigated under iron-limited and -replete conditions. Results provide evidence that L. pneumophila accumulates substantial intracellular reserves of PHB which promote its long-term survival under starvation conditions.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is well-documented and can become chronic for up to a third of patients. CIPN management is hampered by limited pharmacological options. Thus, identifying modifiable behaviors that influence CIPN may help inform future interventions.Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to examine bidirectional relationships between sleep quality, physical activity, and CIPN during and after chemotherapy.Methods: Participants were 138 women with gynecologic cancer (M age = 61, 94% white, 96% non-Hispanic), collected as part of an ongoing study. Assessments occurred at postcycle 1, postcycle 6, and 6- and 12-month postchemotherapy. CIPN (EORTC-CIPN20), sleep quality (PSQI), and physical activity (IPAQ) were assessed via self-report. Objective physical activity was assessed via wrist actigraphy. Latent change score models were used to examine lagged relationships between CIPN, sleep quality, and physical activity pairs.Results: Over the study period, sleep quality was found to contribute to CIPN (p = .001), but not the reverse (p > .05). Bidirectional relationships were observed between CIPN and both objective and subjective walking (ps ≤ .001). Illustrations of these relationships showed that patients with less CIPN early in treatment demonstrate more substantial increases in walking over time, while those with higher CIPN demonstrate more consistent levels of walking during and after treatment.Conclusions: These findings suggest that worse sleep quality and lower walking levels may contribute to the course and maintenance of CIPN. Future investigation should evaluate the impact of early interventions aimed at improving sleep quality and encouraging physical activity in patients treated with chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have published patient-reported quality of life (QOL), but the size and heterogeneity of this literature can make patient education difficult. This meta-analysis aimed to describe change in QOL and symptomatology in patients receiving ICIs for cancer., Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, databases were searched through November 2019 for articles or abstracts of prospective, original studies reporting longitudinal QOL in adult cancer patients treated with ICIs. The prespecified primary outcomes were change in global QOL among patients treated with ICIs and difference in change since baseline in global QOL between patients treated with ICI vs non-ICI active treatment. Secondary outcomes included physical functioning and symptomatology. All statistical tests were 2-sided., Results: Of 20 323 publications, 26 met inclusion criteria. Global QOL did not change over time in patients treated with ICIs (k = 26, n = 6974; P = .19). Larger improvements in global QOL was observed in patients receiving ICI vs non-ICI regimens (k = 16, ICI: n = 3588; non-ICI: n = 2948; P < .001). Physical functioning did not change in patients treated with ICIs (k = 14, n = 3169; P = .47); there were no differences in mean change between ICI vs non-ICI regimens (k = 11, n = 4630; P = .94). Regarding symptoms, appetite loss, insomnia, and pain severity decreased, but dyspnea severity increased in patients treated with ICIs (k = 14, n = 3243-3499; P < .001). Insomnia severity was higher in patients treated with ICIs than non-ICI regimens (k = 11, n = 4791; P < .001)., Conclusions: This study is among the first to quantitatively summarize QOL in patients treated with ICIs. Findings suggest ICI recipients report no change in global QOL and higher QOL than patients treated with non-ICI regimens., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)