Search

Otolith shape analysis is one way to identify stocks of different fish species in the marine environment. Length, width, area, perimeter, form factor, aspect ratio, roundness, circularity, ellipticity and rectangularity analyses of otoliths were undertaken to assess patterns of spatial and temporal stock structure of a wide-ranging fish, the Arabian yellow fin sea bream Acanthopagrus arabicus. Fish were sampled from 125 stations across the distribution range of the species in the Northern Persian Gulf and Oman Sea from June 2014 to May 2016. Analysis of morphometric parameters of otolith showed the minimum size in Khuzestan waters and the West Strait of Hormuz and the maximum size in the East Strait of Hormuz. In Bushehr waters, form factor showed the lowest and circular factor showed the highest frequency. These findings are in agreement with the irregularity in otolith margin of this area. The highest aspect ratio of otolith indicated higher growth in Khuzestan Waters. The thinner and longer otoliths were identified in the East Strait of Hormuz region. Further, rectangularity ratio factor in the Bushehr and West Strait of Hormuz waters was higher in comparison with other regions and this finding confirmed the quadrilateral otolith shape of this region. There are significant differences among otolith morphometric variables of the A. arabicus (p

This study was conducted to evaluate histopathological responses in liver, gills and kidney in Rutilus caspicus exposed to concentrations of 50, 100, 150 mg L^-1 of methyl tert-butyl ether, for 7, 14, and 21 days. The experiments were conducted in water temperature of 19±1 °C, dissolved oxygen of 7.6 ± 0.2 mg L^-1 and zero salinity. A total of 156 fish were studied in this experiment. In the first, second and third week of the experiment, three fish were taken randomly from each aquarium. To examine the tissues, the liver, gills and kidney were isolated and prepared for evaluation using standard histological techniques. Tissue damage in the liver includes: blood congestion, congestion of sinusoid, melano macrophage aggregation, hepatocyte hypertrophy, vacuolation, degeneration and cellular necrosis. Gill tissue damage includes: hyperplasia, degeneration lifting, telangiectasis, in secondary lamellae, blood congestion in primary and secondary lamellae, S formation of lamellae, and reduction in length of secondary lamella, lamellar fusion and cellular necrosis. Tissue damage in the kidney includes: tubular shrinkage, blood congestion, melano macrophage aggregation, glomerular shrinkage, cellular necrosis, tubular degeneration, reduction in interstsial cells and interstisial hematopoietic tissue degeneration. The amount of tissue damages in high concentrations of pollutants was high, while gill, liver and kidney in the control group were observed in the normal outline. The results of this study showed that methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) can cause damage in vital tissues of R. caspicus and even, eventually lead to death.

Studies have shown that sponges among aquatic animals produce the most secondary metabolites with bioactivity. This scientific study examines the extraction, identification, antifungal and antibacterial activities of terpenoid and steroid of sponge Dysidea spp. from Hengam Island, Persian Gulf. In this study, the dry powder of the sponge was extracted using acetone solvent by soaking method. Purification of acetone extract was carried out by column chromatography on silica gel with a gradient of n-hexan, ethyl acetate and methanol to isolation of terpenoids. In vitro cytotoxity examined by XTT assay, against KB/ C152, HUT-78/ C185 and Hek293 cell lines, and antimicrobial screening by dilution test examined on bacterial and fungal strains; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Nocardia brasiliensis and fungal Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. The components; stigmasterol, phytol, α-Santonin, Ergosta-14,22-don-3-ol,(3β.5α,22E( ،cholest-8(14)-en-3- ol,(3β.5α) and Androstan-17-one,3,11-dimethoxy- 17-methoxime, (3α,5α,11β) were detected by GC/MS. IC50 for stigmasterol, phytol, α-Santonin, Ergosta-14,22-don-3-ol,(3β.5α,22) extracted from Dysidea spp were 67.21 – 103.03 µg/ml in KB cell line and 38.09- 81.18 µg/ml in Hek293 cell line. The results showed phytol extracted from Dysidea spp was active against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis (MBC 200- 300 µg/ml) and Gram-negetive bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi (MBC 1000- 2000 µg/ml). The results of this research project show that by performing additional testing, isolating and purifying compounds with biological effects, an effective step can be taken to extract natural compounds in order to produce drugs, cosmetic products, and food. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Given the advancement of electronic technologies and the impact of its application on the environment, especially aquatic ecosystems, it is necessary to address its various aspects, to be attended its various aspects, particularly about electromagnetic waves and their effects on fish as the most important aquatic animal with economic aspects. The present study was designed to reduce the dramatic decline in the production of ornamental fish, in particular the koi fish in Zanjan province, and the research application of the provincial fisheries department to investigate the effects of environmental electromagnetic waves as one of the important alternatives to reduce the proliferation of koi fish. In the present study, the effect of mobile electromagnetic waves (900 MHz) on gonadosomatic index (GSI) and Hepatosomatic index (HSI), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and gonadal tissue structure of male and female fish brooders during 10 days and in 3 experimental groups including: control (without receiving waves), treatment 1 and treatment 2 (each one, 4 times a day and each time for 30 minutes in faced with mobile phones in standby position and calling mode, respectively). Biometry of broodstocks, blood sampling from caudal vein, centrifuge and serum isolation, determination of RBC, WBC, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, and LH, dissection, GSI and HIS calculation, Gonadal sampling, and classical histology were done at the end of the experiment. The success of reproductive production in males and females was more than the other two treatments. In both sexes, the HSI index of treatment 2 significantly increased. The lowest mean of RBC, Hb and Hct was in broiler breeders, and the highest levels of WBC and neutrophil and the lowest percent of lymphocyte in male broodstocks belonged to treatment 2. Histological results showed that the number of ovaries in treatment 1 and 2 was significantly higher than control. Atresia and defects in the previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes and degeneration in nuclei, cytoplasm, vitelline envelope and membrane folliclar cells were found in the ovarian tissue of the treatment groups 1 and 2. In gonad of male broodstocks, the mean of large and small diameters and the mean of area and perimeter of the testis lobules, and the sperm occuping the lumen of the testis lobules in treatments 1 and 2 were less than control. Epithelial thickness and tissue defect of treatment 1 and 2 were higher in the control group. The histopathological signs observed in the testis tissue of the brooders in treatment 1 were: Degeneration and breakdown in the testis lobul epithelium, abnormal lobular structure, lumens filled with inactive or anomalous spermatogonies and pre-existing of nucleos of sperm cells, testis tissue necrosis, thickness and fibrosis of epithelial wall of lobuls, and cellular degeneration In some of the lobules, and in treatment 2: degeneration and destruction of stroma in some lobules, degradation in a significant part of the testicular tissue, the appearance of alveolus in epithelium cells (destruction of the germ cell nucleus), fibrosis, and filamentation in the epithelium of lobules, thickness and breakdown in the epithelium of the lobules, in some places, and extensive vacuolization in the lumen of the lobules was observed. In general, the results showed that mobile-induced electromagnetic waves (frequency: 900 MHz, wavelength: 1-103 mm) produced numerous negative biological effects on female and male of koi fish, especially male brooders. So, with providing the necessary conditions for reproduction in Koi brooders (including: the temperature of water near 20 ° C, the oxygen level is at least 5 mgL-1, Non-ionized ammonia and nitrite levels of less than 0.05 mgL-1 and pH range near 7), it should be avoid to use of electromagnetic devices, especially mobile phones at the hatcheries and in the adjacent of fish tanks at the reproduction time. Published

Many uses of modern technologies in the environment, even in the aquatic ecosystem has caused fishes to be affected by its margins including the effects of electromagnetic waves emitted by them, in addition to humans. Therefore, the survey of effects of these waves on fish as the most important inhabitants of aquatic environments is necessary with economic The present study was designed to reduce the dramatic decline in the production of ornamental fish, in particular the Angel fish in Zanjan province, and the research application of the provincial fisheries department to investigate the effects of environmental electromagnetic waves as one of the important alternatives to reduce the proliferation of Angel fish. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mobile electromagnetic waves (900 MHz) on GSI, HIS, GTH II hormones level and ovarian tissue structure of angel fish, Pterophyllum scalare, female and male brooders during 10 days and in 3 experimental groups including: control (without receiving Waves), treatment 1( 4 times a day and each time for 30 minutes in faced with mobile phones in a standby position) and treatment 2 (4 times a day and each time for 30 minutes in faced with mobile phones in a calling mode). At the end of the test, GTH II was measured by radio immunoassay (RIA) after blood sampling, centrifugation and serum separation. The brooders were then biometrically analyzed and dissected. The ovarian sections were prepared by the classical method of histology with hematoxylin-eosin staining, and microscopically evaluation was done for quantitative and qualitative examination. The GSI, HSI and the mean level of GTH II in treatment group 2 was significantly higher than control group and treatment 1. No brooders of treatment 2 spawned. The number of atresia in treatment 2 was higher than that of other groups. In the males, GSI was lower in treatments 1 and 2 than control group. However, The HSI of control group was less than treatments 1 and 2. The mean GTH II level in male breeders of treatment 1 and 2 was significantly higher than those in control group. Also, abnormality and extensive destruction in the sections of the spermatozoa tubes of testis tissue were present in treatment 1 and 2. The results show that electromagnetic waves of mobile phones affect the reproductive indices of male and female angel fish and reduce the reproductive capacity of both sexes. It is therefore advisable to observe the principle of the proliferation of angel fish (including the selection of healthy breeders, providing a place in the aquarium to hang eggs to it, using water at a maximum of 10 dGH and pH between 6 and 7 and providing a temperature of 29 Up to 30 ° C for spawning induction), it should be avoid to use of electromagnetic devises, especially mobile phones, in the fish breeding farm and they should be establish even as far away as possible from BTS. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

In this study, mouth morphological development and the importance of size of pellet food at the onset of exogenous feeding, with respect to mouth size from hatching through 60s day after hatching (DAH), were studied in larval and juvenile Vimba bream (Vimba vimba). The samples were randomly taken at 1-8 DAH, then with 2, 5, and 10 days intervals until 60 DAH (being released into the sea). Morphological examinations of mouth were followed using SEM. The lengths of upper and lower jaws as well as the size of mouth gap at 45° and 90° were calculated to estimate the size of pellet food. The larval mouth opened at 1 DAH and filiform papillae, and lips began to form at 2 DAH. The first taste buds developed at 3 DAH. The larval mouth developed a crescent shape at 4 DAH and the structure of papilla became clear. A number of neuromast cells were observed around the mouth at 8 DAH. Finally, it can be concluded that with the onset of exogenous feeding, Vimba vimba larvae is probably able to ingest and digest 110 µm pellet food since 8 DAH. Thus, since 20 DAH until the end of larval rearing period, formulated diets can only be used.

Nutritional study of Holothuria leucospilata, black sea cucumber were investigated from September 2016 to September 2017 (12 month). 46 samples of sea cucumbers was collected by scuba in Bushehr coasts, diets and biometrics was studied in laboratory. Rates of relative length of the gut (RLG) were calculated by the average value of 2.01±0.2 which shows Holothuria leucospilata is omnivore. Empty stomach index (cv) were calculated 26.08 and 73.91 for full stomach, results indicated that H. leucospilata being gluttonous. The maximum value of CV was calculated in autumn and feeding start was in winter (synchronous to gonad development start), spawning was in summer. Maximum of GastroSomatic Index was 8.306±1.25 in summer synchronous to pick of spawning. The study of sediments size of intestine contents showed the smallest size was 0.25-0.125 and the biggest >2 mm. There were organic materials in anterior of intestine. Mean of sediments (%) calculated 59.485±50.46 in gastrointestinal tract .Also food preference (FP) was calculated for each type of food. The contents of gastrointestinal tract were clay, silt, sand, oyster shell, bivalve, green algae, plant and animal detritus, diatoms, plants and animals digestives, so food performance was respectively: clay, silt, sand, frominifora, molluscs, diatoms, bivalves, crab shells, algea, amphipoda, organic sediments, nematode and scales. The most of frequency of diatoms were: Navicula sp., Nitzschia sp., Amphipora sp., Cymbella sp.. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

In this study, the identification of the Acanthopagrus species sparidae family by morphometric characters & meristic counts and the stock separation of Arabian yellowfin Seabream Acanthopagrus arabicus as the dominant species was determined through geometric morphometric and otolith shape in the west and east part of the Hormuz Strait. Samples were collected in five different areas including Khuzestan, Bushehr and Hormuzgan Waters as the west of Hormuz Strait, and Jask, Sirik and Sistan & Baluchistan Waters as the east of Hormuz Strait from June 2014 to May 2016. A. arabicus, A. berda and A.bifasciatus were identified in the northern part of the Persian Gulf & Oman Sea, the first one was identified as a dominant species of this genus. Evaluation of morphometric characters and meristic counts indicated that individuals of A.arabicus in west and east of Strait of Hormuz were significantly different from each other which showed high phenotype diversity of this species (p

Coastal ecosystems of Bushehr are shallow environments subject to human impacts, including shrimp aquaculture and urban expansion activities. A spatial-temporal study was conducted in order to assess the actual ecological status of the creeks, estuary and marine sites on the basis of their taxonomic composition and density of mesozooplankton. Zooplankton species distribution and abundance data at 6 sampling sites during June 2015 - March 2016 revealed 24 taxa represented by 5 divergent groups. During the study period, high salinities (around 35-47) were recorded, characterizing all systems as a coastal-marine ecosystem, rather than true estuarine. The mesozooplankton assemblage was characterized by the dominant marine Copepod, Labidocera sp., zoeas of coastal/marine crab, Ilyoplax frater, marine copepod Acartia fossae and a marine pelagic tunicate, Oikopleura dioica. Copepods were the main dominant group and Labidocera sp the most abundant species, with high abundances in winter, whereas high abundances of the Ilyoplax frater were noticed in summer. Based on SIMPER analyses, highest dissimilarity was observed between Ramleh and Lashkary and discriminating taxa for all sites were Labidocera sp followed by Ilyoplax frater contributing to more than 68% of the total average dissimilarities for all locations. The multivariate BIO–ENV procedure indicated that Labidocera sp. followed by Acartia fossae strongly correlated to the variability of depth, transparency and salinity. Finally the results showed that temporal and spatial variation in the mesozooplankton community is consistent with the dynamic character of the habitat characterized as a typical coastal marine system (with low average depths, transparency and high salinity).

This study focused on identification phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, fishes and relationship between biotic and abiotic parameters at three stations in the Kan river during 2014. This study identified 19 phytoplankton taxa. The findings showed, the diatoms abundance were dominated in the river. The chlorophytes abundance were recorded the lowest abundance in this study. The nutrients and water temperature were the significant abiotic parameters to increase cyanophytes and chlorophytes abundance in the Kan river. This study identified 26 zooplankton taxa. The Rotatoria and Protozoa abundance were dominated in the Kan river. Based on CCA, there was no correlation between abundance zooplankton and abiotic parameters. The biodiversity index of plankton was between 1.8 and 2 and the lake situation is located in the mesotrophic category. The study of the Kan river fishes showed, only one endemic fish species Capoeta bohsei. The length (between 38 and 270 mm, average 144±86 mm) and weight (between 1.1 and 356 g, average 108.8±146.7 g) of the C. bohsei were varied during the study period. The 19 benthos taxa were identified. The Ephemeroptera was most abundant in the benthos groups. The classification of river based on biology indicator and environmental parameters confimed that water quality is located in the moderate category. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

This study focused on identification phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, fishes and relationship between biotic and abiotic parameters at three stations in the Kan river during 2014. This study identified 19 phytoplankton taxa. The findings showed, the diatoms abundance were dominated in the river. The chlorophytes abundance were recorded the lowest abundance in this study. The nutrients and water temperature were the significant abiotic parameters to increase cyanophytes and chlorophytes abundance in the Kan river. This study identified 26 zooplankton taxa. The Rotatoria and Protozoa abundance were dominated in the Kan river. Based on CCA, there was no correlation between abundance zooplankton and abiotic parameters. The biodiversity index of plankton was between 1.8 and 2 and the lake situation is located in the mesotrophic category. The study of the Kan river fishes showed, only one endemic fish species Capoeta bohsei. The length (between 38 and 270 mm, average 144±86 mm) and weight (between 1.1 and 356 g, average 108.8±146.7 g) of the C. bohsei were varied during the study period. The 19 benthos taxa were identified. The Ephemeroptera was most abundant in the benthos groups. The classification of river based on biology indicator and environmental parameters confimed that water quality is located in the moderate category.

Sea cucumber is a valuable resource containing several materials that can be used as natural products and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, proximate composition and the amount of total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of fresh and rehydrated (after drying) sea cucumber, Holothuria parva, were examined. The samples were collected from Bandar Lengeh in the Persian Gulf during low tide and kept frozen. The samples were freeze-dried and the moisture content was calculated. The protein, lipid, ash and carbohydrate contents were then measured. The amounts of antioxidant activity (DPPH), phenol and flavonoid contents were also measured. All results have possibility (p

Nemipterid fishes are considered as one of the commercial fish family having considerable catch amount in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. There was an annual monitoring survey during 2003-2013 in the Oman Sea using a research bottom trawler for stock assessment purposes. The whole area was stratified into five strata (or sub region) and four depth layers of 10-20, 20-30, 30-50, 50-100 m. The results showed that the best fishing ground for this family were both in western and eastern study area of the Oman Sea, Sistan-o-Baluchistan Province. Amongst five classified sub regions, the Meidani, Galak, Rabech and Biahi in the western part showing the most density with CPUA value of 293.7 kg/km2. A comparison between different covered depth layers, it was found that the highest CPUA (331.2 kg/km2) belonged to the depths more than 30 m and with decreasing depth there was a descending trend in catch per unit area value with the lowest value for 10-20 m depths (28.6 kg/km2). This 10 years data show the important finding of increasing of density and catch per unit of area of Nemipterid fishes.

Malathion is an organophosphate insecticide which uses to destroy insects and pests of fruit trees, ornamental plants and agricultural corps. In the present study, effect of Malathion on liver and selected enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP) was studied in Caspian Roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus). Four treatments with three replications were designed to carry out the survey. Four groups of experimental fish (containing 30 fish in each group) were exposed to different concentrations of Malathion. e. 0, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 ppm respectively for 23 days. Blood collection was done in 3rd, 13th and 23th after exposure to Malathion and also 30 days after recovery in clean water and enzymes were measured using standard kits. Also liver tissues were isolated to histological examination. Results showed that tissues of control group (0ppm) were normal and there were no damages, yet there were hepatocytes degeneration, picnotic in nuclear, hepatocytes vacuolization, vascular congestion and sinusoid congestion in liver of other groups. Tissue damages were increased in higher malathion concentration and over time. Results related to enzymes showed that there were no significant differences in SGOT of fish treated with low concentrations of malathion (0.01 and 0.05 ppm) and control group but it was increased in highest concentration (p

This study was conducted to determine growth parameters, catch and fishing effort trends, stock assessment of Caspian Sea mullets in the Iranian coastal waters of Caspian Sea in the fishing season of 2013-2014. For gathering of data on biometry and catch statistics, 5 mobile working group in the regions of Anzali, Kiashahr, Noshahr, Babolsar and Torkmen were involved from the start to the end of fishing season.Gathered data Were entered to the computer. For data analysis, common methods were undertaken for estimation of growth parameters, mortality rates, biomass and Maximum Sustainable yield (MSY) as well. According to the result, the number of beach seines cooperatives was 124 and fishing efforts were 44688 beach seining haul. The catch per unit of effort CPUE) was calculated 53 kg/haul during this fishing season. The total catches of Caspian Sea mullets (including illegal fishing estimated as 2373 mt. Growth parameters of golden gray mullet (Liza aurata) were estimated as K=0.16/yr, L_∞=57.4 cm, t_0=-0.45/yr. Based on catch-at-age data, in the fishing season of 2013-2014, the total biomass, from the biomass-based cohort analysis were estimated 12473.3. mt. Based on these results, the fishing mortality rate in fishing season of 2013-2014 were 0.575/yr. In this survey, the Maximum sustainable yield were estimated as 2558.6 mt respectively. Generally from three Northern Province’s cooperatives 3406 samples collected. Results of biometry of golden gray mullet (Liza auratus) showed that the mean length and weight and age of this species were 32.3±6.1 cm and 383.5±74.823.4 g and 1.2±5.6 y respectively and leaping gray mullet (Liza saliens) showed that the mean length and weight and age of this species were 24.8±3.3 cm and 119±25.5 g and 2.5±0.6 y respectively. The biometric results showed that, 97.5% of the samples belonged to golden gray mullet and population of leaping gray mullet was sever declined. Also, the fishing of the mullet was increased over the last year by 10.3 % from 2151 tons to 2373 tons per year during 1391-92 and 1392-93, respectively .

Species diversity of aquaculture based on introduction of endemic and exotic species, for various object to aquaculture industry. AS FAO reports in 2012, about 558 different aquatic species have been used for aquaculture production. Among these, 130 marine fishes, 169 fresh water fishes, 45 species of migratory fishes, 62 crustacean, 35 aquatic plants, 4 aquatic products (pearl,), 98 invertebrates and finally 15 other aquatics included. Increasing of world aquaculture production depended on species diversity, and exotic species play the highest rank in this field. Aquaculture development program in Iran emphasized special attention on species diversity since last half century. Wide studies and researches devoted on biology, and exotic species. Iran aquaculture industry studied 27 different exotic species, and 28 endemic species for aquaculture development and sea ranching program. In addition, about 250 different ornamental aquatics, mainly non- native included in house- aquariums. Six different exotic species have the main aquaculture production in cold water, warm water and sea water environments. Rainbow trout is the main species in cold- water, while high valued endemic species of Caspian salmon has not any role in aqua culture production. In warm water fish group, chines carps and common carp are main species, but endemic species same as shirbot, Gattan, Benny and Schizotrox have not used in aquaculture production. Despite of wide researches on marine fishes of north and south sea, not endemic fishes included in aquaculture production. The new developing production of marine fish relied on non- native fish. Although specific duration of shrimp culture based on endemic species of Penaeus indicus, it is about of 10 years that shrimp production relied on exotic species of P.vannamei. In case of sturgeon fish, this new enterprise based on endemic species of Huso huso. Finally, the aquaculture industry of Iran same as most other countries relies on exotic species. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

In order to examine the effect of lead on the iron content of blood, sampling of common carp was carried out randomly from a fish culture pond in southeast of Babol by purse seine, in 2008. First of all, the experimental fish were adapted to laboratory conditions for 48 hours. Then, the effect of different concentrations of lead were examined using 3 experimental (A: 4.296 mg/l, B: 7.127 mg/l, C: 8.656 mg/l) and one control groups. There were 12 aquariums, each containing 12 fish. It was tried to apply an equal environmental condition for all of the aquariums during the experiment. Following 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure, fish were anesthetized and blood samples were taken from caudal vein. The fish average weight and length (total length) were 140.5 g, 21.8 cm, respectively. Concentrations of lead and iron have been determined by ICP-OES after acid digestion of blood samples by Microwave. This study showed that the absorption of lead and its concentration in the blood significantly increased (p

Padina boergesenii is one of the most abundant brown algae distributed in the north of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this study after sampling and preparation of Padina boergesenii by Chroform-Etanol (3-1) solvent and by Methanol has been extract. Separation and purification of the compounds was carried out using thin layer, general and inverse column chromatography, Cephadex and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Structural elucidation of the constituents was based on the data obtained from H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, DEPT and Cephadex LH-20. The steroids compounds separated from above alga were identified as 22dehydrocholesterol (1), cholesterol (2), fucosterol (3), β-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), ostreasterol (6) and two epimer of hyroxyestrol(7), based on their spectral data and from comparison with those previously reported in the literature. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Aquaculture is the fastest growing food industry in the world. Shrimp culture industry is also part of it, unfortunately, like other marine animal culture economic losses caused by the disease has been one of the major challenges of this industry. The major cause of mortality in shrimp hatcheries and rearing centers is related to water quality and the presence of pathogenic bacteria and parasites. These are common opportunistic microorganisms in the hatchery, rearing centers, flora and living food but poor conditions of culture are caused diseases. Since the development of aquaculture in the countries need health management, one of the important additional rings in the shrimp strategic plan is specific pathogen free shrimp production, which has been addressed in this plan. Specific pathogen free shrimp define as the shrimps which are free of the specific pathogens listed in world organization for animal health (OIE). These factors should be conclusively diagnosed and can be isolated from shrimp hatcheries and culture system. Therefore in this project screening and surveillance of shrimp in several generations according to the list of OIE were done and they were monitored for of bacterial pathogens (Necrosis Hepatopancreas Bacteria) and parasites (Microsporidian and Gregarins). At total 756 pieces of shrimp, 6 sample of dry food and 97 samples of live foods were controlled and tested. 1.35 percent of live foods were positive for NHPB and 5.6 percent of pre broodstocks have eppicommensal and microsporidia which were disposed in quarantine phase. Because of biosecurity and surveillance system establishment, there were no bacterial or parasitic isolation or diagnosis during SPF shrimp production. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Harmful algal blooms resulting in red discoloration of coastal waters in the Persian Gulf, Iran were first observed in January 2007. The species responsible for the bloom, which was identified as Cochlodinium polykrikoides, coincided with massive aquatic organisms’ mortalities in the Persian Gulf. In order to provide optimum growth and bloom forming, C. polykrikoides cells were sampled during the bloom conditions in the coastal waters of Persian Gulf. After adaptation in filtered seawater, they isolated by positive phototropism characteristic of this species to light. They were grown in modified media culture at different salinity (30, 32 and 35ppt), temperature (20, 23, 26 and 28~’C) and intensity (35, 70 and 90 ~kmol m-2s- 1). The results of the present study clearly showed that the highest alga biomass and growth rate was obtained following culture under the 32ppt salinity, 26~’C temperature, and under a 12h light:12h dark photoperiod regime at a light intensity of 90~kmol m-2s-1provided by cool white fluorescent tubes. Maximum cell density and growth rate of C. polykrikoides in a 60 liter tank for 20 days reached to 32×106 cell L−1 and 0.28 day−1, respectively. However, the mean obtained cell density of C. polykrikoides in temperature regimes 20, 23, 26 and 28~’C (under salinity of 32ppt, and 90~kmol m-2s-1irradiance) were 2730, 9360, 28240 and 18080 cell ml−1, respectively. A two-way ANOVA indicated significant effects of temperature on the growth rate of C. polykrikoides followed by salinity, and then the interaction between temperature and salinity Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

DNA barcode is a short, standard well known sequence of cytochrome oxidase І gene. By using this DNA sequence can be realized that each animal, plant or fungus belongs to which species. in this research, samples were collected from imported cultured shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and and 6 Persian Gulf and Oman Sea shrimp species which classified based on traditional systematically as: Penaeus semisulcatus, Fenneropenaeus merguiensis, Metapenaeus affinis, Parapenaeopsis Stylifera and Fenneropenaeus indicus. After examination of DNA barcode sequence, molecular and bioinformatics operations of each sequence in the Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), phylogenetic analysis of each sample was determined and similarity of each sample with NCBI and CBOL database was checked and the closest species to each sample were specified. According to the results different samples of L. vannamei, . banded P.semisulcatus, F. merguiensis and F. indicus have more than 97% similarity to the same species of other countries. non banded P.semisulcatus had 80.07% similarity to banded P.semisulcatus, M. affinis samples had 90.3% similarity to Metapenaeus ensis and Parap. Stylifera had 93.44% similarity to Parapenaeopsis coromandelica in the CBOL. This funding confirmed the need for further investigation and possible announcement of new species.

This study was conducted to determine catch and fishing effort trends, length and age composition, growth and mortality parameters and estimate biomass and acceptable biological catch of Kutum in the Iranian coastal waters of Caspian Sea from 2013 to 2015. The catch of Kutum was 6112.8 and 5599.2 tons and CPUE were 181.1 and 183.5 kg/haul in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, respectively. The mean (± SD) of fork length were observed 39.4±6.1 and 40.7±5.6 cm and for total weight were 805.1±378.0 and 891.5±384.6 gram in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, respectively. The most predominated of length class was obtained 40-42 cm and frequency of immature individuals were observed 37.8 and 44.4 percent during two sampling period, respectively. The range of age was from 2 to 11 year and fish with 4 to 6 years comprised up to 84 percent. In length – weight relationship a, b and r2 were calculated 0.011, 3.02 and 0.96 respectively. K value, L∞ and t0 were calculated 0.19 (/year), 61.3 cm and -0.99 respectively. Mortality parameters such as Z, M and F were calculated 0.82, 0.36 and 0.46 respectively and Exploitation rate were calculated 0.56. The biomass of kutum estimated 41000 tons and the acceptable biological catch calculated 8250 to 9750 tons. The biomass of Kutum decreased in recently years in spite of produce and release of huge fingerlings. This recruitment (produce and release fingerlings) must be continued for stability of stocks and fishing stress must be decrease by anyway. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Aquaculture is the fastest growing food industry in the world. Shrimp culture industry is also part of it, unfortunately, like other marine animal culture economic losses caused by the disease has been one of the major challenges of this industry. The major cause of mortality in shrimp hatcheries and rearing centers is related to water quality and the presence of pathogenic bacteria and parasites. These are common opportunistic microorganisms in the hatchery, rearing centers, flora and living food but poor conditions of culture are caused diseases. Since the development of aquaculture in the countries need health management, one of the important additional rings in the shrimp strategic plan is specific pathogen free shrimp production, which has been addressed in this plan. Specific pathogen free shrimp define as the shrimps which are free of the specific pathogens listed in world organization for animal health (OIE). These factors should be conclusively diagnosed and can be isolated from shrimp hatcheries and culture system. Therefore in this project screening and surveillance of shrimp in several generations according to the list of OIE were done and they were monitored for of bacterial pathogens (Necrosis Hepatopancreas Bacteria) and parasites (Microsporidian and Gregarines). At total 756 pieces of shrimp, 6 sample of dry food and 97 samples of live foods were controlled and tested. 1.35 percent of live foods were positive for NHPB and 5.6 percent of pre broodstocks have epicommensal and microsporidia which were disposed in quarantine phase. Because of biosecurity and surveillance system establishment, there were no bacterial or parasitic isolation or diagnosis during SPF shrimp production.

This survey carried out from 2012 to 2013 to study of suitable site selection for carp and trout fish species for responsible aquaculture possibility by data collection and literature study.During the survey ecological factors including physical and chemical factors,geological factors including topography and type of soil,biological factors including selection of species and control of invader animals,climatic factors,geographical factors and pollutant including heavy metals,agricultural pesticides Surfactants and crude oils were recognized.Also in comparing with standard levels suitable rate of each important factor in aquaculture were studied. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Padina boergesenii is one of the most abundant brown algae distributed in the north of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this study after sampling and preparation of Padina boergesenii by Chroform-Etanol (3-1) solvent and by Methanol has been extract. Separation and purification of the compounds was carried out using thin layer, general and inverse column chromatography, Cephadex and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Structural elucidation of the constituents was based on the data obtained from H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, DEPT and Cephadex LH-20. The steroids compounds separated from above alga were identified as 22-dehydrocholesterol (1), cholesterol (2), fucosterol (3), β-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), ostreasterol (6) and two epimer of hyroxyestrol (7), based on their spectral data and from comparison with those previously reported in the literature.

Sargassum oligocystum and Nizamudiinia zanardinii are the most abundant algae distributed in the north of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this study after sampling and preparation of S. oligocystum by Chroform-Etanol (3-1) solvent and N. zanardinii by methanol has been extract. Separation and purification of the compounds was carried out using thin layer, general and inverse column chromatography, Cephadex and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC ). Structural elucidation of the constituents was based on the data obtained from HNMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, DEPT and Cephadex LH-20. The steroids compounds separated from above algae were identified as 22-dehydrocholesterol (1) cholesterol (2) fucosterol (3) 29-hydroperoxystigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol (4) 24-hydroperoxy-24- vinylcholesterol (5) a mixture of 24(S)-hydroxy-24-vinylcholesterol (6) and 24(R)-hydroxy-24- vinylcholesterol (7) and ostreasterol (8) based on their spectral data and from comparison with those previously reported in the literature.

In this research for the first time tested antifungal activity of Ircinia mutans, collected from Kish Island in the Persian Gulf. The extracts were produced by Bligh & Dyer method, In vitro antifungal activity by Broth Dilution Methods against clinical pathogens; Candida albicans ATCC10231 and Aspergillus fumigatus PTCC5009. The results conducted that the aqueous extracts didn’t have any antifungal activities on pathogens, minimum inhibitor concentrations (MIC) of the diethyletter extract was found on C. albicans and Aspergillus fumigatu, but MFC was not found. The MFC of summer and winter metanol extracts were 20mg/ml and 3mg/ml on A. fumigatus and 0.5 mg/ml and 1.5 mg/ml on C. albicans. Therefore secondary metabolites solutions in methanol, polar components have antifungal activity and it can be used for supplementary experiments to isolate and identify the fungicide active ingredient.

The Iranian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) is one of most commercially important sturgeon species in the Caspian Sea and it is considered as an endemic sturgeon of the south part of the Caspian sea. Most of its populations distributed around the south coast of the sea and also the most Iranian caviar production belonged to this species. Due to overfishing, degradation of the rivers conditions as the natural reproduction places the stocks of the fish is decreasing and that is why the Islamic republic of Iran releases millions of its fingerlings to the rivers that end to the sea to stock restoration. With regard to the high expenses of the artificial propagation and fingerlings production, finding and creation of better output will play an important role to decrease the production expenditures. Now days, the decrease in the natural stocks of broodstocks and also the low quality and immature caught broodstocks are the fundamental problems which the industry of sturgeon mass production faces. These not fully matured brooders do not response the hormonal induction processes at the sturgeon hatcheries (because they do not reach to final maturation and some of them having polarization index greater than 10) and large numbers of the caught and transported brooders to the hatcheries will not produce any fry (as the data distributed and published by the sturgeon hatcheries about the production techniques). The main objective of the research study is to apply a new method for artificial reproduction (LHRH-A implantation) to gain the best output from the Iranian sturgeon brooders caught and transported from the Caspian Sea which will be done for the first time on sturgeons and there is not still any report of the application of this procedure (LHRH-A implantation) over these kinds of fishes. Most published report on the method belonged to the teleosts.

Studies show that thyroxine can play an important role in regulating growth and other physiology activities. Since the direct role of thyroxine in growth metamorphose larval of bony fishes hasn't been proved yet, during the experiment accomplished in Shahid Ansari and Jajrood station, the hormones function in the survival of development of silver carp, grass carp and rainbow trout were studied. In this study accomplished of thyroxine baths with 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ppm (with 3 repeat). The other phase, thyroxine injected to females grass carp, silver carp, rainbow trout and barbell of Caspian Sea with different doses (1, 10 and 100 g/g B.W.). Tehn survival of development of embryo and larval and precent of fertilization were studied. Also, the percent of mortality were compared in two phases in stages of development. Results show that: 1) Trout: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were increased to other treatment. b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 10 g/g was 8.58% that was meaningful difference to other treatment (P

In this study, circumstances of osmoregulation system of the Persian sturgeon released in the Gorgan River in order to stock restoration have been investigated. Ten days old larvae sampled during 45 days from hatchery to the estuary. Samples taken form blood serum, gills and kidney tissues were collected from 12 May to 26 June, 2003. In the present study, Sampling sites were Shahid Marjani sturgeon hatchery, earthen pond, river water (2 sub samples ) and estuary. The blood serum osmotic pressure ( mOsm/L) , K^ + , Na^+, Mg^++ ( mEqu/l) and Ca^++ (mg/dl) concentration were measured. In order to investigate the condition of osmoregulatory cells development, histological experiments of the specific tissues have been taken place accordingly.Regarding to figs. (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10) , osmotic pressure of blood plasma was higher than the water ( the difference range is 14- 196 mOsmol/l). Statistical results (test of one way t student) show significant differences between the medium osmotic pressures (P=0.99). In cases of ions, the concentration of Na^+ and K^+ were higher than those of the water. There is also significant difference between these ions concentration (P = 0.01).In contrast, the content of Mg^ ++ and Ca^++ were lower than the water. Regarding to these last two ions, there is also significant difference (P= 0.99). Histological experiments confirm the results and show a relative development of the osmoregulatory cells in gills and kidney in accordance with fish ages.

Without abstract. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

The effects of creosote on stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) juveniles each weighing 3.6 ±1 grams was evaluated. Acute toxicity test was undertaken in static water quality at 22 degree C plus or minus 1 according to the OECD method at the Caspian Sea Ecology Institute in 2005. The effect was assessed based on the results of the acute toxicity test. For the test, the hematological and biochemical properties of one control and five experimental groups of the fish juveniles what were exposed to creosote were compared. The acute toxicity test lasting 96 h was performed in fully static water condition with aeration.

Studies show that thyroxine can play an important role in regulating growth and other physiology activities. Since the direct role of thyroxine in growth metamorphose larval of bony fishes hasn't been proved yet, during the experiment accomplished in Shahid Ansari and Jajrood station, the hormones function in the survival of development of silver carp, grass carp and rainbow trout were studied. In this study accomplished of thyroxine baths with 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ppm (with 3 repeat). The other phase, thyroxine injected to females grass carp, silver carp, rainbow trout and barbell of Caspian Sea with different doses (1, 10 and 100 g/g B.W.). Tehn survival of development of embryo and larval and precent of fertilization were studied. Also, the percent of mortality were compared in two phases in stages of development. Result show that: 1) Trout: a)Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were increased to other treatment. b) Phase of hormone injection : The survival of larval in treatment of 10 g/g was 8.58% that was meaningful difference to other treatment (P

A preliminary stock assessment of Artemia sp. has been carried out for the first time in Gonabad salt-waters, situated in the Kavir-e-Namak Basin, a salty desert in eastern Iran. We conducted seasonal analysis of physico-chemical and biological properties of salt-waters for two stations in the study area over the year 2002. Hand-held plankton net was used with a mesh size of 20mm to collect phytoplankton samples. We identified five families of phytoplankton such as: Nitzschiaceae, Naviculaceae, Cymbellaceae, Oscillatoriaceae and Nostocaceae in the salt-waters of the area. Phytoplankton species from family Nitzschiaceae were the most abundant, present in the waters year-round and comprised the main food item for Artemia sp. in the region. Phytoplankton abundance was highest during spring and earlier of autumn and Artemia sp. showed a fluctuation in their density over the year, increasing gradually from spring to winter in one station and from spring to autumn in another. Considering the optimal physico-chemical and biological properties for Artemia sp. production and development, we concluded that the best time period for Artemia sp. production start from May to November in Kaleshor area around the Kavir-e-Namak Basin.

The pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata) is considered as a valuable resources in the Persian Gulf. The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of petroleum hydrocarbons on density as well as destruction of this oyster. For this purpos, the Lavan region (Dardur, Hedabad, Chalil), Nakhilou and Hendurabi were chosen as the present habitat of the pearl oyster and Bostaneh, Moghooyeh, Molou and Geshe as the former habitat. The statistical analysis showed that the amount of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments and soft tissues of oysters of Lavan stations is significantly different and Lavan region due to being close to oil terminals is more polluted. Meanwhile in winter petroleum hydrocarbons was found more than summer. Regarding to the density of oyters, it can be concluded that in present habitats with the increase of petroleum hydrocarbons in the body of oysters and sediments, the density of oyster was decreased.

Studies showed that Thyroxine can play an important role on fish growth, osmoregulation system, and other physiological activities. Since the direct effect of thyroxine on growth and metamorphose of bony fish larvae has not been yet approved, therefore, present study were carried out in Shahid Ansary propagation and cultivation farm in order to find out the way of effect of this hormone on the survirval rate and early growth stage of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fertiled eggs that were bathed in thyroxin with concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm (each one, replicates) for 6 hours. Then they were transfered into large incubators (zoog) with running water. After hatching all larvae were placed in mentioned thyroxin concentration bath for another 6 hours before being transfered into large incubators. Larvae stayed inzoogs until the yolk-sac was absorbed. Finally, live silver carp larvae were counted in separated plates. Results of present study indicated that the ra tio of hatched eggs in 0.5 ppm of thyroxin concentration was higher than other treatment.

The test have been conducted in 2000 m2paddy field. It is also a 2000 m 2rice. land (only rice cultivated) have been used as a control. The rice seed of Hashemy linecultivated including 430. numbers of Chinese carps fry being stocked at the rate of46.5% common carp, 30.2% grass carp, 23.3 silver carp in the trial plot, for protectiona supporting enclosure was set-up around test land. on lower part of rice field arefugee pond with a surface of 200 m2, depth of one meter was created for saving thefishes during drought or drying phase. After prepartion of land and planting riceseedling in the test plot which occured in June, nearly after 30 days lapsed, on thetime, when the water level reached almost 20 cm the fries were stocked, for trial.Water level in concurrent with rice grouth was increased, this helped the stock fisheasily use all parts of the space. Rice bran, wheat for live-stock fed to the culture fish,in proprotion of 1-2 precent of total fish-biomass. The feed sooked in plastic-pan andplaced in refugee pond. At the begining of september when rice bushes had yellowish color and the rice seedget hard, water level was decreased, in this situation the fishes were crowded in refugepond, nearly one week the rice field kept dried for harvesting, subsequently the waterlevel again rised and the fish rearing kept on until October and on the same monththe fishes being caught. Duration of fish rearing with rice in paddy field lasted 116days, from June until October. The period, when rice was harvested lasted 64 days (June-septcmber) and the timefor fish rearing after rice harvesting took 52 days (Feb-Oct). In 2000 m2of rice and fish cultivation plot, 585 kg (per ha 2955 kg) unhusked rice produced which equal to390 kg white rice and 121 kg fishes was yielded (605 kg ha) which common carp 52kg, silver carp 35 kg and grass carp 34 kg. Likewise, in coutrol plot, 660 kg paddy rice(per ha 3300 kg) was produced which was equal to 400 kg white rice. The results revealed in similar surface (2000 m2), The rearing fish with rice contributed to627200 Rials further income for farmer. A generalization to one hectar land the valuereach to 3136000 Rials. In the usual practies the profite in one hectar land, under farming of rice only bring-about 770000 Rials interest, whereas fish and rice togetherin culture, improve the output and the yielded value is equal to 10836000 Rials. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Regarding to measure some hematological factors of Caspian Salmon (Salmo Trutta caspius), 55 immature and 21 mature individuals were studied. The main results were: Immature Mature - Hemoglobin value (gr/dl) 7.20 9.87 - Hematocrit 34.1 39.2 - Mean No. of red blood cells (per mm3) 934300 1306200 - Mean No. of white blood (per mm3) 8380 6219 - Mean No. of platelets (per mm3) 21180 13159 As the results showed the number of white blood cells and platelets in immature individuals were more than mature specimen. The obtained results of blood indices were as follow: Immature Mature - Mean MCV (FL) 385.4 302.9 - Mean MCH (Pg) 82.0 75.5 - Mean MCHC (%) 21.6 25.6 - Lymphocyte (%) 96.1 69.9 - Neutrophil (%) 3.4 29.4 - Monocyte (%) 0.52 1.14 Notice: Eosinophil and basophil cells weren't observed.

This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of atrazine herbicide on the fry of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum, Kamensky, 1901). First the 96-h LC50 of the fry were exposed to atrazine at the concentration of 24.95 ppm was determined. Then the toxicity of this herbicide on Caspian kutum fry exposed to the concentration of 12.47ppm (1/2 LC50), for four days was measured and compared with a control group. Comparison of the length, weight and condition factor showed no significant differences between atrazine exposed and control group. The concentration of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl- in the whole body of fry in control and atrazine exposure groups were as the following order: Ca2+>K+>Na+>Cl->Mg2+ and Ca2+>Na+>K+>Mg2+>Cl-, respectively. Results showed that the concentration of all these ions were higher in atrazine exposure group than control group, except for Cl-, and the only significant differences was found in Na+ concentration. Major histopathological effects of atrazine on the gills were hyperplasia and thickening of the filaments, separation of the pavement cells of the lamellae epithelium from the pillar cells and swelling of the epithelial cells. Results of the present study showed that atrazine could affect the ion composition of the body, and caused major damages in gill epithelium even at sublethal concentration and acute exposure, but had no effects on the growth parameters.

Several studies on the white sardine: Sardinella albella, have focused on the identification of stock composition and behavior. In this study population genetic structure and historical demography of S. albella along the cost of the Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman were investigated with a 500-bp segment of mt-DNA control region. In total 40 samples were collected from 3 locations: Jask in Sea of Oman, Qeshm in Strait of Hormuz and Lengeh in the Persian Gulf during 2012-2013. 33 haplotype were obtained none of which were presented in all sampling sites. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated low genetic differentiation among regions (F_ST=0.024, p