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Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of the tumour stroma ratio (TSR) in resected adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. Background: In the literature, a refinement of oesophageal cancer staging has been proposed. Recently, TSR has been identified as a histological characteristic of the tumour itself that proved to be a strong predictor for survival in colorectal cancer. Methods: in our cancer registry database, we identified 93 consecutive patients who underwent resection for oesophageal adenocarcinoma between 1990 and 2004 in two hospitals in our region. Using a predefined histopathological protocol, TSR was determined on the original haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) tissue sections of oesophagectomy specimens by two independent investigators. Results: With a cut-off value of 50% tumour/stroma, patients were classified as TSR high (n = 60) or TSR low (n = 33). There were no significant differences in patient, tumour and treatment characteristics between the two groups, except for M status (M1a) and radicality of resection. The (disease-free) survival in the TSR high group was significantly better than in the TSR low group. By multivariate analysis, TSR was identified as a highly significant prognostic factor for overall survival (HR 2.0; P = 0.010), independent of depth of tumour invasion, nodal status, lymph node ratio, extracapsular involvement, TNM stage, histological grade and radicality of resection. Conclusion: TSR is a new and practicable prognostic tumour characteristic for oesophageal adenocarcinoma that can discriminate patients with a poor outcome from those with a better outcome. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.