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Ziel dieses Beitrags ist die Identifizierung von Belastungen und Copingstrategien ziviler Seenotretter/innen. Hierfür erfolgten im Mai 2019 vier leitfadengestützte Einzelinterviews mit der Zielgruppe. Die Befragten berichteten von einer Vielzahl an Belastungen und verfügen bereits über ein breites Spektrum an problemund emotionsorientiertem Annäherungsund Vermeidungscoping. Trotzdem besteht Bedarf an einer professionellen (psychologischen) Vorund Nachbereitung.

Background Intervention studies suggest an influence of breakfast dietary glycemic index (GI) on children’s cognition. The Cognition Intervention Study Dortmund-GI-I study examined whether lunch dietary GI might have short-term effects on selected cognitive parameters. Methods A randomized crossover study was performed at a comprehensive school on 2 test days. One hundred and eighty-nine participants (5th and 6th grade) were randomly assigned to one of the two sequences, medium-high GI (m-hGI) or high-medium GI (h-mGI), following block randomization. In the first period, one group received a dish containing hGI rice (GI: 86) ad libitum, the other mGI rice (GI: 62)—1 week later, in the second period, vice versa. Tonic alertness, task switching, and working memory updating were tested with a computerized test battery 45 min after beginning of lunch break. Treatment effects were estimated using the t test for normally distributed data or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for non-normally distributed data. Results The crossover approach revealed no effects of lunch dietary GI on the tested cognitive parameters in the early afternoon. However, we determined carryover effects for two parameters, and therefore analyzed only data of the first period. The reaction time of the two-back task (working memory updating) was faster (p = 0.001) and the count of commission errors in the alertness task was lower (p = 0.04) in the hGI group. Conclusion No evidence of short-term effects of lunch dietary GI on cognition of schoolchildren was found. Potential positive effects on single parameters of working memory updating and tonic alertness favoring hGI rice need to be verified.

Qualitative research in the field of (forced) migration is confronted with language diversity in conversations. The integration of interpreters within these conversations changes the setting profoundly. While methodological reflections on the relationship between researcher and (forced) migrant have already led to new research methods that are sensitive to the (re)production of power (im)balances, the role of interpreters in this process is still surprisingly underexposed. This article captures qualitative research with interpreters as parts of the ‘conversation triad’ and links this approach to postcolonial theories. Considering processes of Othering we attain a better understanding of the possible roles of each participant within the conversation and how background knowledge comes into play. These methodological reflections enable us to consider the (re-)production of power (im)balances in such a conversation setting. The authors describe the chances and challenges in conversations between interpreter, (forced) migrant and researcher and thus make the involvement of interpreters visible.

The article Short-term effects of carbohydrates differing in glycemic index (GI) consumed at lunch on children’s cognitive function in a randomized crossover study, written by Kathrin Jansen, Jana Tempes, Alina Drozdowska, Maike Gutmann, Michael Falkenstein, Anette E. Buyken, Lars Libuda, Henrik Rudolf, Thomas Lücke, Mathilde Kersting was originally published Online First without Open Access. After publication in volume 74, issue 5, page 757 - 764 the author decided to opt for Open Choice and to make the article an Open Access publication. Therefore, the copyright of the article has been changed to © The Author(s) 2020 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

Highlights • Health literacy (HL) is essential to control the pandemic. • Should infection numbers surge again HL can help prevent the resumption of restrictions. • We describe the extent of existing research on HL in the context of previous coronavirus outbreaks. • Type of assessment of the domains of HL varied widely. • Studies that examine interventions to improve pandemic related HL are needed., Objective The aim of this rapid scoping review, for which only studies from the general population were considered, was to describe the extent of existing research on HL in the context of previous coronavirus outbreaks (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2). Methods We searched major databases and included publications of quantitative and qualitative studies in English and German on any type of research on the functional, critical and communicative domains of HL conducted in the context of the three outbreaks in the general population. We extracted and tabulated relevant data and narratively reported where and when the study was conducted, the design and method used, and how HL was measured. Results 72 studies were included. Three investigated HL or explicitly referred to the concept of HL, 14 were guided by health behaviour theory. We did not find any study designed to develop or psychometrically evaluate pandemic/epidemic HL instruments, or relate pandemic/epidemic or general HL to a pandemic/epidemic outcome, or any controlled intervention study. Type of assessment of the domains of HL varied widely. Conclusion Theory-driven observational studies and interventions, examining whether pandemic-related HL can be improved are needed. Practice implications The development and validation of instruments that measure pandemic-related HL is desirable.

Urbanization and biodiversity loss are linked to chronic disorders, in particular allergic diseases. The aim of this scoping review was to provide a synopsis of intervention studies specifically examining the influence of exposure to natural environments on human microbiota as well as immunological markers as suggested interlink between natural environment and the development of allergic diseases.We searched PubMed (MEDLINE®) and all references cited in the included studies following the PRISMA statement guidelines. No restrictions regarding age and sex of study participants, language or publication date were made. The protocol was registered at OSF REGISTRIES (https://osf.io/musgr).After screening, eight intervention studies were included. The interventions reported were mainly of pilot character and various, ranging from nature-related educational programs, biodiversity interventions in day-cares to short-term contact with soil- and sand-preparations. Most of the studied interventions appeared to increase human microbiota richness and diversity in specific taxa groups in the short-time. Immunological markers were assessed in only two studies. In these, their associations with human microbiota richness were pre-dominantly reported.There is some evidence that the so-called biodiversity interventions have the potential to diversify human microbiota, at least over a short period. Adequately powered randomized controlled trials with long term follow-up are required to examine sustainable effects on microbiota and immune system.

In den letzten Jahren verzeichnete sich eine Zunahme der Flucht_Migrationsforschung und damit einhergehend ein Anstieg an Projekten mit Gefluchteten als Gesprachsteilnehmende. Methodische Herausforderungen in diesem Kontext ergeben sich u. a. durch den erforderlichen Umgang mit Sprachenvielfalt. Diskutierte Umsetzungsmoglichkeiten sind Gesprache mit zweisprachigen Forschenden, in einer Lingua franca sowie mit Ubersetzenden. Basierend auf den Erfahrungen zweier qualitativer Forschungsprojekte stehen die Chancen und Herausforderungen von Gesprachstriaden zwischen ubersetzender, befragter und forschender Person im Fokus. Ubersetzungen verandern Aussagen und damit das Datenmaterial. Gleichzeitig ermoglicht eine Interpretations- und Ubersetzungsleistung jenseits von sprachlich Verbalisiertem einen Erkenntniszuwachs. Die Zusammenarbeit mit Ubersetzenden erfordert eine aktive Auseinandersetzung der Forschenden mit den jeweiligen Hintergrunden der teilnehmenden Personen, deren Erwartungen an das Gesprach sowie den individuellen Rollenverstandnissen.

Unaccompanied minor refugees are children or adolescents below the age of 18 years who are not accompanied by their parents. International studies show that unaccompanied minor refugees represent a special risk group. Currently, empirical study results about the health status of unaccompanied minor refugees barely exist for Germany. Therefore, the goal of this article is an assessment of the health status and health care of unaccompanied minor refugees in Bielefeld, Germany. For this purpose, two qualitative studies and one quantitative study from Bielefeld are used.Results demonstrate that the health care of unaccompanied minor refugees underlies certain peculiarities that indicate major medical needs: Firstly, the need for psychological/psychiatric care and secondly the need for health care regarding infectious diseases. Further challenges in the health care needs of this population group result from its specific situation, and comprise legal conditions, as well as language and cultural competencies on behalf of the health care providers and the unaccompanied minor refugees themselves.

Unbegleitete minderjahrige Fluchtlinge (UMF) sind Kinder oder Jugendliche unter 18 Jahren, die sich ohne Begleitung eines fur sie zustandigen Vormundes auf die Flucht begeben.