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• Explored the impact of environmental policies on nuclear trade within the EU. • Uncovered connection between environmental policies and nuclear trade relationships. • Countries pursuing environmental policies rely less on nuclear-related imports. • Nuclear trade rises as EU environmental policies align. • Environmentally friendly exporting countries shape the nuclear trade network evolution. This study explores the impact of environmental policies on nuclear trade between European Union (EU) countries. The primary research question revolves around understanding the reasons behind and the mechanisms through which nuclear trade relationships evolve. Our analysis uncovers a compelling connection between the degree of alignment in environmental policies among EU states and the emergence of nuclear trade cooperation. Furthermore, it indicates that countries actively pursuing environmental policies tend to have a reduced dependency on imports of nuclear-related goods. Notably, as environmental policies across the EU converge and become more similar, there is a noticeable inclination to engage in nuclear trade activities. Additionally, our research highlights the significant role played by exporting countries that have strong commitments to environmentally friendly policies in shaping the evolution of the nuclear trade network over time. Moreover, we observe that economic factors have a positive impact on the development of this intricate trade network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first purpose of this study is to define the network parameters that enable systemic analysis of international relations, identifying trends towards isolationism and expansionism. The second is to analyse the factors influencing global trends towards isolationism and expansionism from a structural point of view. The results of a network analysis, including a BERGM, indicate a trend towards isolationism in the economic arena since about 2010; in contrast, a trend towards expansionism has been continuously evident in the political and military sectors throughout the study period. These results also show that the international relations system is formed by reciprocal and triadic relations. In specific, the results reveal that the expansionism trends are influenced by relational substructures centred on importing states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Analyze underlying dynamics and mechanisms of the nuclear trade network formation. • Use ERGM to estimate which network structures proactively influenced the formation. • The current network was formed by intensive imports and active exports. • The network was formed by the trade of nuclear commodities between specific states. • Economic/military power and environmental policy contribute to network formation. This empirical study analyzes the dynamics and mechanisms underlying the formation of the nuclear trade network in Europe. For this analysis, we use ERGM (the Exponential Random Graph Model) to estimate whether and the extent to which specific subnetwork structures and the attributes of state actors proactively influenced the formation of the EU's nuclear trade network. We examine both endogenous and exogenous factors. In terms of endogenous effects, the analysis results show that the current nuclear trade network in the EU was formed by intensive imports in certain states and active exports from others. Therefore, the network was formed by the active trade of nuclear commodities between specific states. In terms of exogenous effects, the analysis results show that certain attributes of European states, such as economic power, military power, and environmental policy, contributed to the formation of the nuclear trade network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]