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4. Antiviral Properties of Chemical Inhibitors of Cellular Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins

Author

Daria Bulanova, Aleksandr Ianevski, Andrii Bugai, Yevhen Akimov, Suvi Kuivanen, Henrik Paavilainen, Laura Kakkola, Jatin Nandania, Laura Turunen, Tiina Ohman, Hanna Ala-Hongisto, Hanna M. Pesonen, Marika S. Kuisma, Anni Honkimaa, Emma L. Walton, Valentyn Oksenych, Martina B. Lorey, Dmitry Guschin, Jungmin Shim, Jinhee Kim, Thoa T. Than, So Young Chang, Veijo Hukkanen, Evgeny Kulesskiy, Varpu S. Marjomaki, Ilkka Julkunen, Tuula A. Nyman, Sampsa Matikainen, Jani S. Saarela, Famara Sane, Didier Hober, Gülsah Gabriel, Jef K. De Brabander, Miika Martikainen, Marc P. Windisch, Ji-Young Min, Roberto Bruzzone, Tero Aittokallio, Markus Vähä-Koskela, Olli Vapalahti, Arto Pulk, Vidya Velagapudi, and Denis E. Kainov

Subjects
apoptosis, antiviral agent, innate immunity, host response, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Viral diseases remain serious threats to public health because of the shortage of effective means of control. To combat the surge of viral diseases, new treatments are urgently needed. Here we show that small-molecules, which inhibit cellular anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (Bcl-2i), induced the premature death of cells infected with different RNA or DNA viruses, whereas, at the same concentrations, no toxicity was observed in mock-infected cells. Moreover, these compounds limited viral replication and spread. Surprisingly, Bcl-2i also induced the premature apoptosis of cells transfected with viral RNA or plasmid DNA but not of mock-transfected cells. These results suggest that Bcl-2i sensitizes cells containing foreign RNA or DNA to apoptosis. A comparison of the toxicity, antiviral activity, and side effects of six Bcl-2i allowed us to select A-1155463 as an antiviral lead candidate. Thus, our results pave the way for the further development of Bcl-2i for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases.

Published
2017
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5. Longitudinal changes in total brain volume in schizophrenia: relation to symptom severity, cognition and antipsychotic medication.

Author

Juha Veijola, Joyce Y Guo, Jani S Moilanen, Erika Jääskeläinen, Jouko Miettunen, Merja Kyllönen, Marianne Haapea, Sanna Huhtaniska, Antti Alaräisänen, Pirjo Mäki, Vesa Kiviniemi, Juha Nikkinen, Tuomo Starck, Jukka J Remes, Päivikki Tanskanen, Osmo Tervonen, Alle-Meije Wink, Angie Kehagia, John Suckling, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Jennifer H Barnett, Anna Barnes, Hannu J Koponen, Peter B Jones, Matti Isohanni, and Graham K Murray

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Studies show evidence of longitudinal brain volume decreases in schizophrenia. We studied brain volume changes and their relation to symptom severity, level of function, cognition, and antipsychotic medication in participants with schizophrenia and control participants from a general population based birth cohort sample in a relatively long follow-up period of almost a decade. All members of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 with any psychotic disorder and a random sample not having psychosis were invited for a MRI brain scan, and clinical and cognitive assessment during 1999-2001 at the age of 33-35 years. A follow-up was conducted 9 years later during 2008-2010. Brain scans at both time points were obtained from 33 participants with schizophrenia and 71 control participants. Regression models were used to examine whether brain volume changes predicted clinical and cognitive changes over time, and whether antipsychotic medication predicted brain volume changes. The mean annual whole brain volume reduction was 0.69% in schizophrenia, and 0.49% in controls (p = 0.003, adjusted for gender, educational level, alcohol use and weight gain). The brain volume reduction in schizophrenia patients was found especially in the temporal lobe and periventricular area. Symptom severity, functioning level, and decline in cognition were not associated with brain volume reduction in schizophrenia. The amount of antipsychotic medication (dose years of equivalent to 100 mg daily chlorpromazine) over the follow-up period predicted brain volume loss (p = 0.003 adjusted for symptom level, alcohol use and weight gain). In this population based sample, brain volume reduction continues in schizophrenia patients after the onset of illness, and antipsychotic medications may contribute to these reductions.

Published
2014
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10. Empagliflozin in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in addition to background therapies and therapeutic combinations (EMPEROR-Reduced): a post-hoc analysis of a randomised, double-blind trial

Author

Packer, M, Anker, S, Butler, J, Filippatos, G, Pocock, S, Zannad, F, Ferreira, JP, Brueckmann, M, George, J, Jamal, W, Welty, FK, Palmer, M, Clayton, T, Parhofer, KG, Pedersen, TR, Greenberg, B, Konstam, MA, Lees, KR, Carson, P, Doehner, W, Miller, A, Haas, M, Pehrson, S, Komajda, M, Anand, I, Teerlink, J, Rabinstein, A, Steiner, T, Kamel, H, Tsivgoulis, G, Lewis, J, Freston, J, Kaplowitz, N, Mann, J, Petrie, J, Perrone, S, Nicholls, S, Janssens, S, Bocchi, E, Giannetti, N, Verma, S, Zhang, J, Spinar, J, Seronde, M-F, Boehm, M, Merkely, B, Chopra, V, Senni, M, Taddi, S, Tsutsui, H, Choi, D-J, Chuquiure, E, La Rocca, HPB, Ponikowski, P, Juanatey, JRG, Squire, I, Januzzi, J, Pina, I, Bernstein, R, Cheung, A, Green, J, Kaul, S, Lam, C, Lip, G, Marx, N, McCullough, P, Mehta, C, Rosenstock, J, Sattar, N, Scirica, B, Shah, S, Wanner, C, Aizenberg, D, Cartasegna, L, Colombo Berra, F, Colombo, H, Fernandez Moutin, M, Glenny, J, Alvarez Lorio, C, Anauch, D, Campos, R, Facta, A, Fernandez, A, Ahuad Guerrero, R, Lobo Márquez, L, Leon de la Fuente, RA, Mansilla, M, Hominal, M, Hasbani, E, Najenson, M, Moises Azize, G, Luquez, H, Guzman, L, Sessa, H, Amuchástegui, M, Salomone, O, Perna, E, Piskorz, D, Sicer, M, Perez de Arenaza, D, Zaidman, C, Nani, S, Poy, C, Resk, J, Villarreal, R, Majul, C, Smith Casabella, T, Sassone, S, Liberman, A, Carnero, G, Caccavo, A, Berli, M, Budassi, N, Bono, J, Alvarisqueta, A, Amerena, J, Kostner, K, Hamilton, A, Begg, A, Beltrame, J, Colquhoun, D, Gordon, G, Sverdlov, A, Vaddadi, G, Wong, J, Coller, J, Prior, D, Friart, A, Leone, A, Vervoort, G, Timmermans, P, Troisfontaines, P, Franssen, C, Sarens, T, Vandekerckhove, H, Van De Borne, P, Chenot, F, De Sutter, J, De Vuyst, E, Debonnaire, P, Dupont, M, Pereira Dutra, O, Canani, LH, Vieira Moreira, MdC, de Souza, W, Backes, LM, Maia, L, De Souza Paolino, B, Manenti, ER, Saporito, W, Villaça Guimarães Filho, F, Franco Hirakawa, T, Saliba, LA, Neuenschwander, FC, de Freitas Zerbini, CA, Gonçalves, G, Gonçalves Mello, Y, Ascenção de Souza, J, Beck da Silva Neto, L, Bocchi, EA, Da Silveira, J, de Moura Xavier Moraes Junior, JB, de Souza Neto, JD, Hernandes, M, Finimundi, HC, Sampaio, CR, Vasconcellos, E, Neves Mancuso, FJ, Noya Rabelo, MM, Rodrigues Bacci, M, Santos, F, Vidotti, M, Simões, MV, Gomes, FL, Vieira Nascimento, C, Precoma, D, Helfenstein Fonseca, FA, Ribas Fortes, JA, Leães, PE, Campos de Albuquerque, D, Kerr Saraiva, JF, Rassi, S, Alves da Costa, FA, Reis, G, Zieroth, S, Dion, D, Savard, D, Bourgeois, R, Constance, C, Anderson, K, Leblanc, M-H, Yung, D, Swiggum, E, Pliamm, L, Pesant, Y, Tyrrell, B, Huynh, T, Spiegelman, J, Lavoie, J-P, Hartleib, M, Bhargava, R, Straatman, L, Virani, S, Costa-Vitali, A, Hill, L, Heffernan, M, Khaykin, Y, Ricci, J, Senaratne, M, Zhai, A, Lubelsky, B, Toma, M, Yao, L, McKelvie, R, Noronha, L, Babapulle, M, Pandey, A, Curnew, G, Lavoie, A, Berlingieri, J, Kouz, S, Lonn, E, Chehayeb, R, Zheng, Y, Sun, Y, Cui, H, Fan, Z, Han, X, Jiang, X, Tang, Q, Zhou, J, Zheng, Z, Zhang, X, Zhang, N, Zhang, Y, Shen, A, Yu, J, Ye, J, Yao, Y, Yan, J, Xu, X, Wang, Z, Ma, J, Li, Y, Li, S, Lu, S, Kong, X, Song, Y, Yang, G, Yao, Z, Pan, Y, Guo, X, Sun, Z, Dong, Y, Zhu, J, Peng, D, Yuan, Z, Lin, J, Yin, Y, Jerabek, O, Burianova, H, Fiala, T, Hubac, J, Ludka, O, Monhart, Z, Vodnansky, P, Zeman, K, Foldyna, D, Krupicka, J, Podpera, I, Busak, L, Radvan, M, Vomacka, Z, Prosecky, R, Cifkova, R, Durdil, V, Vesely, J, Vaclavik, J, Cervinka, P, Linhart, A, Brabec, T, Miklik, R, Bourhaial, H, Olbrich, H-G, Genth-Zotz, S, Kemala, E, Lemke, B, Böhm, M, Schellong, S, Rieker, W, Heitzer, T, Ince, H, Faghih, M, Birkenfeld, A, Begemann, A, Ghanem, A, Ujeyl, A, von Haehling, S, Dorsel, T, Bauersachs, J, Prull, M, Weidemann, F, Darius, H, Nickenig, G, Wilke, A, Sauter, J, Rauch-Kroehnert, U, Frey, N, Schulze, CP, König, W, Maier, L, Menzel, F, Proskynitopoulos, N, Ebert, H-H, Sarnighausen, H-E, Düngen, H-D, Licka, M, Stellbrink, C, Winkelmann, B, Menck, N, López-Sendón, JL, de la Fuente Galán, L, Delgado Jiménez, JF, Manito Lorite, N, Pérez de Juan Romero, M, Galve Basilio, E, Cereto Castro, F, González Juanatey, JR, Gómez, JJ, Sanmartín Fernández, M, Garcia-Moll Marimon, X, Pascual Figal, D, Bover Freire, R, Bonnefoy Cudraz, E, Jobbe Duval, A, Tomasevic, D, Habib, G, Isnard, R, Picard, F, Khanoyan, P, Dubois-Rande, J-L, Galinier, M, Roubille, F, Alexandre, J, Babuty, D, Delarche, N, Berneau, J-B, Girerd, N, Saxena, M, Rosano, G, Yousef, Z, Clifford, C, Arden, C, Bakhai, A, Boos, C, Jenkins, G, Travill, C, Price, D, Koenyves, L, Lakatos, F, Matoltsy, A, Noori, E, Zilahi, Z, Andrassy, P, Kancz, S, Simon, G, Sydo, T, Vorobcsuk, A, Kiss, RG, Toth, K, Szakal, I, Nagy, L, Barany, T, Nagy, A, Szolnoki, E, Chopra, VK, Mandal, S, Rastogi, V, Shah, B, Mullasari, A, Shankar, J, Mehta, V, Oomman, A, Kaul, U, Komarlu, S, Kahali, D, Bhagwat, A, Vijan, V, Ghaisas, NK, Mehta, A, Kashyap, J, Kothari, Y, TaddeI, S, Scherillo, M, Zacà, V, Genovese, S, Salvioni, A, Fucili, A, Fedele, F, Cosmi, F, Volpe, M, Mazzone, C, Esposito, G, Doi, M, Yamamoto, H, Sakagami, S, Oishi, S, Yasaka, Y, Tsuboi, H, Fujino, Y, Matsuoka, S, Watanabe, Y, Himi, T, Ide, T, Ichikawa, M, Kijima, Y, Koga, T, Yuda, S, Fukui, K, Kubota, T, Manita, M, Fujinaga, H, Matsumura, T, Fukumoto, Y, Kato, R, Kawai, Y, Hiasa, G, Kazatani, Y, Mori, M, Ogimoto, A, Inoko, M, Oguri, M, Kinoshita, M, Okuhara, K, Watanabe, N, Ono, Y, Otomo, K, Sato, Y, Matsunaga, T, Takaishi, A, Miyagi, N, Uehara, H, Takaishi, H, Urata, H, Kataoka, T, Matsubara, H, Matsumoto, T, Suzuki, T, Takahashi, N, Imamaki, M, Yoshitama, T, Saito, T, Sekino, H, Furutani, Y, Koda, M, Shinozaki, T, Hirabayashi, K, Tsunoda, R, Yonezawa, K, Hori, H, Yagi, M, Arikawa, M, Hashizume, T, Ishiki, R, Koizumi, T, Nakayama, K, Taguchi, S, Nanasato, M, Yoshida, Y, Tsujiyama, S, Nakamura, T, Oku, K, Shimizu, M, Suwa, M, Momiyama, Y, Sugiyama, H, Kobayashi, K, Inoue, S, Kadokami, T, Maeno, K, Kawamitsu, K, Maruyama, Y, Nakata, A, Shibata, T, Wada, A, Cho, H-J, Na, JO, Yoo, B-S, Choi, J-O, Hong, SK, Shin, J-H, Cho, M-C, Han, SH, Jeong, J-O, Kim, J-J, Kang, SM, Kim, D-S, Kim, MH, Llamas Esperon, G, Illescas Díaz, J, Fajardo Campos, P, Almeida Alvarado, J, Bazzoni Ruiz, A, Echeverri Rico, J, Lopez Alcocer, I, Valle Molina, L, Hernandez Herrera, C, Calvo Vargas, C, Padilla Padilla, FG, Rodriguez Briones, I, Chuquiure Valenzuela, EJJR, Aguilera Real, ME, Carrillo Calvillo, J, Alpizar Salazar, M, Cervantes Escárcega, JL, Velasco Sanchez, R, Al - Windy, N, van Heerebeek, L, Bellersen, L, Brunner-La Rocca, H-P, Post, J, Linssen, GCM, van de Wetering, M, Peters, R, van Stralen, R, Groutars, R, Smits, P, Yilmaz, A, Kok, WEM, Van der Meer, P, Dijkmans, P, Troquay, R, van Alem, AP, Van de Wal, R, Handoko, L, Westendorp, ICD, van Bergen, PFMM, Rensing, BJWM, Hoogslag, P, Kietselaer, B, Kragten, JA, den Hartog, FR, Alings, A, Danilowicz-Szymanowicz, L, Raczak, G, Piesiewicz, W, Zmuda, W, Kus, W, Podolec, P, Musial, W, Drelich, G, Kania, G, Miekus, P, Mazur, S, Janik, A, Spyra, J, Peruga, J, Balsam, P, Krakowiak, B, Szachniewicz, J, Ginel, M, Grzybowski, J, Chrustowski, W, Wojewoda, P, Kalinka, A, Zurakowski, A, Koc, R, Debinski, M, Fil, W, Kujawiak, M, Forys, J, Kasprzak, M, Krol, M, Michalski, P, Mirek-Bryniarska, E, Radwan, K, Skonieczny, G, Stania, K, Skoczylas, G, Madej, A, Jurowiecki, J, Firek, B, Wozakowska-Kaplon, B, Cymerman, K, Neutel, J, Adams, K, Balfour, P, Deswal, A, Djamson, A, Duncan, P, Hong, M, Murray, C, Rinde-Hoffman, D, Woodhouse, S, MacNevin, R, Rama, B, Broome-Webster, C, Kindsvater, S, Abramov, D, Barettella, M, Pinney, S, Herre, J, Cohen, A, Vora, K, Challappa, K, West, S, Baum, S, Cox, J, Jani, S, Karim, A, Akhtar, A, Quintana, O, Paukman, L, Goldberg, R, Bhatti, Z, Budoff, M, Bush, E, Potler, A, Delgado, R, Ellis, B, Dy, J, Fialkow, J, Sangrigoli, R, Ferdinand, K, East, C, Falkowski, S, Donahoe, S, Ebrahimi, R, Kline, G, Harris, B, Khouzam, R, Jaffrani, N, Jarmukli, N, Kazemi, N, Koren, M, Friedman, K, Herzog, W, Silva Enciso, J, Cheung, D, Grover-McKay, M, Hauptman, P, Mikhalkova, D, Hegde, V, Hodsden, J, Khouri, S, McGrew, F, Littlefield, R, Bradley, P, McLaurin, B, Lupovitch, S, Labin, I, Rao, V, Leithe, M, Lesko, M, Lewis, N, Lombardo, D, Mahal, S, Malhotra, V, Dauber, I, Banerjee, A, Needell, J, Miller, G, Paladino, L, Munuswamy, K, Nanna, M, McMillan, E, Mumma, M, Napoli, M, Nelson, W, O'Brien, T, Adlakha, A, Onwuanyi, A, Serota, H, Schmedtje, J, Paraschos, A, Potu, R, Sai-Sudhakar, C, Saltzberg, M, Sauer, A, Shah, P, Skopicki, H, Bui, H, Carr, K, Stevens, G, Tahirkheli, N, Tallaj, J, Yousuf, K, Trichon, B, Welker, J, Tolerico, P, Vest, A, Vivo, R, Wang, X, Abadier, R, Dunlap, S, Weintraub, N, Malik, A, Kotha, P, Zaha, V, Kim, G, Uriel, N, Greene, T, Salacata, A, Arora, R, Gazmuri, R, Kobayashi, J, Iteld, B, Vijayakrishnan, R, Dab, R, Mirza, Z, Marques, V, Nallasivan, M, Bensimhon, D, Peart, B, Saint-Jacques, H, Barringhaus, K, Contreras, J, Gupta, A, Koneru, S, Nguyen, V, Verma, Subodh, Dhingra, Nitish K, Butler, Javed, Anker, Stefan D, Ferreira, Joao Pedro, Filippatos, Gerasimos, Januzzi, James L, Lam, Carolyn S P, Sattar, Naveed, Peil, Barbara, Nordaby, Matias, Brueckmann, Martina, Pocock, Stuart J, Zannad, Faiez, and Packer, Milton

Published
2022
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11. Optimization of a morphing variable span of tapered wing by integrating structural sizing, topology.

Author

Prasad, Balugari Jagadish, Raghavulu, K. Veera, and Jani, S. P.

Abstract

According to this paper, a variable span of tapered wing (MVSTW) can be reduced in weight by the incorporation of structural size, topology, and aerodynamic optimization. This work develops a computational environment to examine the feasibility of morphing wing optimization by incorporating simultaneous structural sizing and topology optimization based on its aerodynamic analysis into the design. In the context of an MVSTW, this is an innovative technique. I'll start with a solution-specific approach for figuring out how light each section of the wing should be, both in terms of the fixed and moving parts. This was accomplished with ANSYS Workbench solver. To meet the structural integrity requirements of the MVSTW, this inquiry aims to minimize total structure compliance while optimizing stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Statistical analysis to examine the influence of thermal aging on hybrid glass epoxy polymer composites with fillers of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes.

Author

Sravanthi, K., Mahesh, V., Nageswara Rao, B., and Jani, S. P.

Subjects
MULTIWALLED carbon nanotubes, HYBRID materials, EPOXY resins, GLASS composites, FIBROUS composites, MATERIAL erosion, DOUBLE walled carbon nanotubes
Abstract

E‐glass fibers are widely preferred due to ease of processing and its low cost, which has substantial scope in the fields of electronics and electrical insulation applications. Because of its low strength and corrosion resistance, use of E‐glass fibers is limited in aerospace and automotive applications. There is a need for enhancing the properties of the composite to overcome such limitations. Therefore, an attempt is made to introduce multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as fillers into E‐glass fibers to meet the industry needs. In the current study, woven glass fiber of 5 layers and multi‐walled nano carbon fillers of 2, 4 and 6 by wt%, LY556 epoxy resin, and HY951 hardener were used to prepare 4 different type of composites along with the neat epoxy glass fiber reinforced polymer composites (GFRP). The hand‐layup route was used in the composite preparation due to its low cost, technological feasibility, and simple process setup. The developed samples were characterized for mechanical properties via tensile, flexural and impact tests. Tribological characteristics were performed by air jet erosion test. Chauvenet's criterion is applied for identifying the outliers (if any) from the data of repeated test properties. Taguchi's L9OA (orthogonal array) is selected for obtaining optimal hybrid composite, which yield better mechanical properties. Empirical relations are developed for the material properties in terms of process variables. The sample (4 wt% MWCNT) exhibited enhancement of 17.27% in tensile strength, 6% of impact strength and 7.3% of flexural strength when compared with neat epoxy GFRP. This hybrid composite is considered for thermal aging and observed at 60°C, 8% increase in tensile, 7% increase of impact and 15% in flexural strength due to the precipitation on carbon nano tubes along the gain boundaries. The present study recommends 4% MWCNT fillers in developing hybrid glass epoxy polymer composites for use in aerospace, automotive and civil construction industries due to economic and technological feasibility. Highlights: Utilize low‐cost E‐glass fibers in electronics and electrical insulation applications.Improve composite properties for aerospace and automotive industries.Develop hybrid glass epoxy composites with 2 to 6 wt% MWCNT fillers.Examine wear characteristics under air jet erosion and study the impact of thermal aging on mechanical properties.Apply Chauvenet's criterion for outlier identification in measured properties datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Generalized piezothermoelasticity of hollow spheres under thermal shock using Lord–Shulman theory.

Author

Jani, S. M. H., Kiani, Y., and Tadi Beni, Y.

Subjects
*THERMAL stresses, *THERMAL shock, *THERMOELASTICITY, *DIFFERENTIAL quadrature method, *EQUATIONS of motion, *MAXWELL equations, *ELECTRIC potential
Abstract

Present investigation deals with the response of a piezoelectric hollow sphere that is subjected to sudden thermal shock. Loading and boundary conditions are assumed to be symmetric so the response of the sphere is also considered to be symmetric. The governing equations of the vessel are obtained which are three in number. These equations include the equation of motion, the energy equation and the Maxwell equation. The energy equation is established in the framework of single relaxation time theory of Lord and Shulman. The established equations are written in terms of temperature change, radial displacement, and electric potential. These equations are provided in a dimensionless presentation for the sake of generality. After that with the aid of the generalized differential quadrature method, the established equations are discreted. Also Newmark time marching scheme is applied to trace the radial displacement, electric potential, and temperature change in time domain. Novel numerical results are then provided to explore the propagation and reflection of electrical, thermal and mechanical waves in a hollow sphere. It is shown that temperature wave propagates with finite speed within the framework of the Lord–Shulman theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Implementation Science in Radiation Oncology: Case Study for Liver SBRT

Author

Thawani, N., primary, Lee, J., additional, Kirsch, C., additional, Pinnaduwage, D., additional, Srivastava, S.P., additional, Patel, S., additional, Sorensen, S.P., additional, Jani, S., additional, Ellefson, S., additional, Vasireddy, S., additional, Riley, J., additional, Jennifer, M., additional, Diaz, A.Z., additional, Gagliano, R., additional, and Patel, M., additional

Published
2023
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24. Problem Limiting the Public Domain -Rawls’s Veil of Ignorance and Time

Author

Koskinen, Jani S. S., Kimppa, Kai K., Kainu, Ville M. A., Junqueira Barbosa, Simone Diniz, Series editor, Chen, Phoebe, Series editor, Cuzzocrea, Alfredo, Series editor, Du, Xiaoyong, Series editor, Filipe, Joaquim, Series editor, Kara, Orhun, Series editor, Kotenko, Igor, Series editor, Sivalingam, Krishna M., Series editor, Ślęzak, Dominik, Series editor, Washio, Takashi, Series editor, Yang, Xiaokang, Series editor, Saranto, Kaija, editor, Castrén, Maaret, editor, Kuusela, Tiina, editor, Hyrynsalmi, Sami, editor, and Ojala, Stina, editor

Published
2014
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29. Novel Approaches in Green Extraction for Natural Medicines

Author

Jani S

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Green extraction is based on discovery and design of extraction process which will reduce unit operation, reduce energy consumption, reduce time consumption, reduce organic solvent use, alternate solvent with water or agro-solvent and ensure safe and high-quality extract. In this study the conventional extraction methods and various green extraction methods were compared. Both these studies on extraction process were done in the past, in this review those studies were compared. From this we can know that which method is suitable for extraction which will not harmful for the environment, promote the health of patient, produce by-product or co-product instead of waste.

Published
2022

31. Магнітні наночастинки як регулятори ланцюгових структур в обертовому магнітному полі

Author

Nair, N., Jani, S., and Brajpuriya, R.

Subjects
магнітне поле, magnetic fluid, nanoparticles, magnetic field, магнітна рідина, наночастинки
Abstract

Спостерігалося утворення ланцюга в магнітній рідині під впливом обертового магнітного поля. Вплив на гнучкість ланцюга та його розрив вивчався шляхом зміни частоти обертання (1-5 Гц) магнітного поля фіксованої величини (50 Гс). Частинки Fe3O4 мікрометрового розміру та немагнітні розширювальні сфери фіксованої концентрації пізніше окремо суспендували в магнітній рідині. Був вивчений їх вплив на динаміку обертання ланцюга. Установлено, що критична частота розриву ланцюга була вищою в присутності більших магнітних частинок порівняно з магнітною рідиною окремо. Немагнітні частинки утворювали ланцюгові структури в присутності статичного поля, але не реагували на обертання магнітного поля. Теорія утворення магнітного ланцюга була використана для вивчення та обговорення результатів шляхом порівняння магнітних сил і сил в’язкості. Дослідження може бути корисним для контролю довжини та гнучкості ланцюга в мікрогідродинаміці. Chain formation in magnetic fluid has been observed under the influence of a rotating magnetic field. The influence on the chain flexibility and its rupture was studied by varying the frequency of rotation (1-5 Hz) of the magnetic field of a fixed magnitude (50 Gauss). Micrometer sized Fe3O4 particles and nonmagnetic expancel spheres of fixed concentration were later suspended in the magnetic fluid separately and their effect on the chain rotation dynamics was studied. It was observed that the critical frequency for the chain breakage was higher in the presence of larger magnetic particles compared to magnetic fluid alone. Non-magnetic particles formed chain structures in the presence of a static field but did not show any response to the rotation of the magnetic field. The established theory of magnetic chain formation was used to study and discuss the results by comparing the magnetic forces and viscous forces. The study may be useful for controlling chain length and flexibility in microfluidics.

Published
2023

37. Additions to Moss Flora of Kosovo from 'Bjeshkët e Nemuna' Mountains

Author

Zenel K. Krasniqi and Jani S. Marka

Subjects
Ecology, prokletije, bjeshkët e nemuna, moss flora, plant biodiversity, QH540-549.5
Abstract

The moss flora of Kosovo is the least explored in South East Europe, with 346 moss taxa known so far. The aim of the present study is to further increase the knowledge of the moss flora of Bjeshkët e Nemuna Mountains (Prokletije) in Kosovo, which are a hot spot for plant biodiversity in the Balkans. In several field trips conducted in Bjeshkët e Nemuna, about 1140 moss samples were collected and identified. From the current investigation of the moss flora in Bjeshkët e Nemuna, 13 taxa are new records for Kosovo and 41 species are recorded for the first time in Bjeshkët e Nemuna. Therefore, this study brings to 359 the number of moss species for Kosovo and 239 for Bjeshkët e Nemuna. Concluding, much more efforts are needed towards a better knowledge of mosses of Kosovo, and thereafter the protection of potential threatened species.

Published
2021

39. Accessibility, neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and expenditures on electronic gambling machines: a spatial analysis based on player account data

Author

Jani Selin, Pasi Okkonen, and Susanna Raisamo

Subjects
Electronic gambling machines, Accessibility, Expenditure, Socioeconomic disadvantage, Account-based gambling data, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract

Abstract Background Gambling and its harmful effects on human health and well-being represent a significant public health concern in many countries, with electronic gambling machines (EGMs) recognized as one of the most detrimental forms of gambling. Previous research has established an association between EGM accessibility, expenditure, gambling harm, and the socioeconomic status (SES) of neighborhoods. However, there is limited understanding of the direct impact of SES and EGM accessibility on individual player expenditures. Prior estimations of expenditure often rely on self-reported data or venue-level revenue statistics. This study uses high spatial resolution socioeconomic data together with individual-level account-based location and expenditure (point of sales) data (71,669 players, 745 EGM venues) to explore the association between EGM accessibility and neighborhood SES and to examine whether the EGM expenditure of neighborhood residents is associated with EGM accessibility and neighborhood SES. Data and methods Player account data include information on the home location and expenditure of the entire EGM gambling population across every EGM venue located in the Helsinki region, Finland. High-resolution (250 × 250 m) grid-level data on socioeconomic variables were used to obtain the local socioeconomic conditions of the players. EGM accessibility was estimated for every grid cell using a calibrated gravity model derived from the player account data. Statistical analyses included correlation analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and regression models. Results First, significantly higher levels of EGM accessibility were found in areas with lower local SES. Second, regression analysis revealed that both higher EGM accessibility and lower local SES were associated with higher annual losses per adult. These results, in combination with visual and spatial autocorrelation analyses, revealed that accessibility to EGM gambling is highly concentrated, especially in lower socioeconomic neighborhoods with higher levels of EGM expenditure. Conclusions The results lay the groundwork for future spatial research on gambling harm, expenditure, accessibility, and SES utilizing detailed account data on the interaction between players and venues. The results underscore the importance of spatial restrictions when regulating EGM accessibility, particularly in areas with vulnerable populations, as a crucial measure for public health and harm prevention. The results also enable targeted gambling harm prevention actions at the local level.

Published
2024
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41. The characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-positive children who presented to Australian hospitals during 2020: a PREDICT network study.

Author

Ibrahim L.F., Tham D., Chong V., Corden M., Craig S., Buntine P., Jani S., Zhang M., George S., Kochar A., O'Brien S., Robins-Browne K., Tosif S., Daley A., McNab S., Crawford N.W., Wilson C., Babl F.E., Ibrahim L.F., Tham D., Chong V., Corden M., Craig S., Buntine P., Jani S., Zhang M., George S., Kochar A., O'Brien S., Robins-Browne K., Tosif S., Daley A., McNab S., Crawford N.W., Wilson C., and Babl F.E.

Abstract

Objectives: To examine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-positive children in Australia during 2020. Design, setting: Multicentre retrospective study in 16 hospitals of the Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT) network; eleven in Victoria, five in four other Australian states. Participant(s): Children aged 0-17 years who presented to hospital-based COVID-19 testing clinics, hospital wards, or emergency departments during 1 February - 30 September 2020 and who were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Main Outcome Measure(s): Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children positive for SARS-CoV-2. Result(s): A total of 393 SARS-CoV-2-positive children (181 girls, 46%) presented to the participating hospitals (426 presentations, including 131 to emergency departments [31%]), the first on 3 February 2020. Thirty-three children presented more than once (8%), including two who were transferred to participating tertiary centres (0.5%). The median age of the children was 5.3 years (IQR, 1.9-12.0 years; range, 10 days to 17.9 years). Hospital admissions followed 51 of 426 presentations (12%; 44 children), including 17 patients who were managed remotely by hospital in the home. Only 16 of the 426 presentations led to hospital medical interventions (4%). Two children (0.5%) were diagnosed with the paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS). Conclusion(s): The clinical course for most SARS-CoV-2-positive children who presented to Australian hospitals was mild, and did not require medical intervention.Copyright © 2021 AMPCo Pty Ltd

Published
2022

42. INFLUENCE OF SYNTHESIZED (GREEN) CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLE WITH NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) OIL BIOFUEL.

Author

Allasi, Haiter Lenin, Rajalingam, A., Jani, S. P., and Uppalapati, Sudhakar

Subjects
NEEM, CERIUM oxides, NANOPARTICLES, RENEWABLE energy sources, ENERGY consumption, BIOMASS energy
Abstract

Energy demand increases day by day due to the present technological scenario and fossil fuels are also depleting gradually. Therefore, the necessity came into the researchers to identify an alternative renewable resource for compensating the energy demand. The biodiesel appeared to the researchers as an important resource due to its characteristics and ability to compensate for the energy demand. However, some additional improvements are required for the efficient performance of the biodiesel, such improvement is achievable by the blending of an efficient additive with the biodiesel. The present study predominantly focuses to investigate the performance of the biodiesel with two different additives such as cerium oxide nanoparticles and ethanol. The neem (Azadirachta indica) oil has been selected as feed stock. The cerium oxide nanoparticles are prepared using the green synthesis process. Four various fuel samples are prepared to examine the effect of additives, (i) PB (pure biodiesel), (ii) BCe (PB+100 ppm CeO2), (iii) BE (90% biodiesel+10% ethanol) and (iv) BCeE (90% biodiesel+100 ppm CeO2+10% ethanol). From the experimentation, it is observed that the fuel BCeE achieves the better performance due to the oxygen buffering characteristics and improvement in the atomization by the additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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44. Peripheral immune profiling of soft tissue sarcoma: perspectives for disease monitoring

Author

Jani Sofia Almeida, Luana Madalena Sousa, Patrícia Couceiro, Tânia Fortes Andrade, Vera Alves, António Martinho, Joana Rodrigues, Ruben Fonseca, Paulo Freitas-Tavares, Manuel Santos-Rosa, José Manuel Casanova, and Paulo Rodrigues-Santos

Subjects
soft tissue sarcoma, immunophenotyping, gene expression profiling, cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Studying the tumor microenvironment and surrounding lymph nodes is the main focus of current immunological research on soft tissue sarcomas (STS). However, due to the restricted opportunity to examine tumor samples, alternative approaches are required to evaluate immune responses in non-surgical patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the peripheral immune profile of STS patients, characterize patients accordingly and explore the impact of peripheral immunotypes on patient survival. Blood samples were collected from 55 STS patients and age-matched healthy donors (HD) controls. Deep immunophenotyping and gene expression analysis of whole blood was analyzed using multiparametric flow cytometry and real-time RT-qPCR, respectively. Using xMAP technology, proteomic analysis was also carried out on plasma samples. Unsupervised clustering analysis was used to classify patients based on their immune profiles to further analyze the impact of peripheral immunotypes on patient survival. Significant differences were found between STS patients and HD controls. It was found a contraction of B cells and CD4 T cells compartment, along with decreased expression levels of ICOSLG and CD40LG; a major contribution of suppressor factors, as increased frequency of M-MDSC and memory Tregs, increased expression levels of ARG1, and increased plasma levels of IL-10, soluble VISTA and soluble TIMD-4; and a compromised cytotoxic potential associated with NK and CD8 T cells, namely decreased frequency of CD56dim NK cells, and decreased levels of PRF1, GZMB, and KLRK1. In addition, the patients were classified into three peripheral immunotype groups: "immune-high," "immune-intermediate," and "immune-low." Furthermore, it was found a correlation between these immunotypes and patient survival. Patients classified as "immune-high" exhibited higher levels of immune-related factors linked to cytotoxic/effector activity and longer survival times, whereas patients classified as "immune-low" displayed higher levels of immune factors associated with immunosuppression and shorter survival times. In conclusion, it can be suggested that STS patients have a compromised systemic immunity, and the correlation between immunotypes and survival emphasizes the importance of studying peripheral blood samples in STS. Assessing the peripheral immune response holds promise as a useful method for monitoring and forecasting outcomes in STS.

Published
2024
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48. Empagliflozin in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in addition to background therapies and therapeutic combinations (EMPEROR-Reduced): a post-hoc analysis of a randomised, double-blind trial

Author

Verma, Subodh, primary, Dhingra, Nitish K, additional, Butler, Javed, additional, Anker, Stefan D, additional, Ferreira, Joao Pedro, additional, Filippatos, Gerasimos, additional, Januzzi, James L, additional, Lam, Carolyn S P, additional, Sattar, Naveed, additional, Peil, Barbara, additional, Nordaby, Matias, additional, Brueckmann, Martina, additional, Pocock, Stuart J, additional, Zannad, Faiez, additional, Packer, Milton, additional, Packer, M, additional, Anker, S, additional, Butler, J, additional, Filippatos, G, additional, Pocock, S, additional, Zannad, F, additional, Ferreira, JP, additional, Brueckmann, M, additional, George, J, additional, Jamal, W, additional, Welty, FK, additional, Palmer, M, additional, Clayton, T, additional, Parhofer, KG, additional, Pedersen, TR, additional, Greenberg, B, additional, Konstam, MA, additional, Lees, KR, additional, Carson, P, additional, Doehner, W, additional, Miller, A, additional, Haas, M, additional, Pehrson, S, additional, Komajda, M, additional, Anand, I, additional, Teerlink, J, additional, Rabinstein, A, additional, Steiner, T, additional, Kamel, H, additional, Tsivgoulis, G, additional, Lewis, J, additional, Freston, J, additional, Kaplowitz, N, additional, Mann, J, additional, Petrie, J, additional, Perrone, S, additional, Nicholls, S, additional, Janssens, S, additional, Bocchi, E, additional, Giannetti, N, additional, Verma, S, additional, Zhang, J, additional, Spinar, J, additional, Seronde, M-F, additional, Boehm, M, additional, Merkely, B, additional, Chopra, V, additional, Senni, M, additional, Taddi, S, additional, Tsutsui, H, additional, Choi, D-J, additional, Chuquiure, E, additional, La Rocca, HPB, additional, Ponikowski, P, additional, Juanatey, JRG, additional, Squire, I, additional, Januzzi, J, additional, Pina, I, additional, Bernstein, R, additional, Cheung, A, additional, Green, J, additional, Kaul, S, additional, Lam, C, additional, Lip, G, additional, Marx, N, additional, McCullough, P, additional, Mehta, C, additional, Rosenstock, J, additional, Sattar, N, additional, Scirica, B, additional, Shah, S, additional, Wanner, C, additional, Aizenberg, D, additional, Cartasegna, L, additional, Colombo Berra, F, additional, Colombo, H, additional, Fernandez Moutin, M, additional, Glenny, J, additional, Alvarez Lorio, C, additional, Anauch, D, additional, Campos, R, additional, Facta, A, additional, Fernandez, A, additional, Ahuad Guerrero, R, additional, Lobo Márquez, L, additional, Leon de la Fuente, RA, additional, Mansilla, M, additional, Hominal, M, additional, Hasbani, E, additional, Najenson, M, additional, Moises Azize, G, additional, Luquez, H, additional, Guzman, L, additional, Sessa, H, additional, Amuchástegui, M, additional, Salomone, O, additional, Perna, E, additional, Piskorz, D, additional, Sicer, M, additional, Perez de Arenaza, D, additional, Zaidman, C, additional, Nani, S, additional, Poy, C, additional, Resk, J, additional, Villarreal, R, additional, Majul, C, additional, Smith Casabella, T, additional, Sassone, S, additional, Liberman, A, additional, Carnero, G, additional, Caccavo, A, additional, Berli, M, additional, Budassi, N, additional, Bono, J, additional, Alvarisqueta, A, additional, Amerena, J, additional, Kostner, K, additional, Hamilton, A, additional, Begg, A, additional, Beltrame, J, additional, Colquhoun, D, additional, Gordon, G, additional, Sverdlov, A, additional, Vaddadi, G, additional, Wong, J, additional, Coller, J, additional, Prior, D, additional, Friart, A, additional, Leone, A, additional, Vervoort, G, additional, Timmermans, P, additional, Troisfontaines, P, additional, Franssen, C, additional, Sarens, T, additional, Vandekerckhove, H, additional, Van De Borne, P, additional, Chenot, F, additional, De Sutter, J, additional, De Vuyst, E, additional, Debonnaire, P, additional, Dupont, M, additional, Pereira Dutra, O, additional, Canani, LH, additional, Vieira Moreira, MdC, additional, de Souza, W, additional, Backes, LM, additional, Maia, L, additional, De Souza Paolino, B, additional, Manenti, ER, additional, Saporito, W, additional, Villaça Guimarães Filho, F, additional, Franco Hirakawa, T, additional, Saliba, LA, additional, Neuenschwander, FC, additional, de Freitas Zerbini, CA, additional, Gonçalves, G, additional, Gonçalves Mello, Y, additional, Ascenção de Souza, J, additional, Beck da Silva Neto, L, additional, Bocchi, EA, additional, Da Silveira, J, additional, de Moura Xavier Moraes Junior, JB, additional, de Souza Neto, JD, additional, Hernandes, M, additional, Finimundi, HC, additional, Sampaio, CR, additional, Vasconcellos, E, additional, Neves Mancuso, FJ, additional, Noya Rabelo, MM, additional, Rodrigues Bacci, M, additional, Santos, F, additional, Vidotti, M, additional, Simões, MV, additional, Gomes, FL, additional, Vieira Nascimento, C, additional, Precoma, D, additional, Helfenstein Fonseca, FA, additional, Ribas Fortes, JA, additional, Leães, PE, additional, Campos de Albuquerque, D, additional, Kerr Saraiva, JF, additional, Rassi, S, additional, Alves da Costa, FA, additional, Reis, G, additional, Zieroth, S, additional, Dion, D, additional, Savard, D, additional, Bourgeois, R, additional, Constance, C, additional, Anderson, K, additional, Leblanc, M-H, additional, Yung, D, additional, Swiggum, E, additional, Pliamm, L, additional, Pesant, Y, additional, Tyrrell, B, additional, Huynh, T, additional, Spiegelman, J, additional, Lavoie, J-P, additional, Hartleib, M, additional, Bhargava, R, additional, Straatman, L, additional, Virani, S, additional, Costa-Vitali, A, additional, Hill, L, additional, Heffernan, M, additional, Khaykin, Y, additional, Ricci, J, additional, Senaratne, M, additional, Zhai, A, additional, Lubelsky, B, additional, Toma, M, additional, Yao, L, additional, McKelvie, R, additional, Noronha, L, additional, Babapulle, M, additional, Pandey, A, additional, Curnew, G, additional, Lavoie, A, additional, Berlingieri, J, additional, Kouz, S, additional, Lonn, E, additional, Chehayeb, R, additional, Zheng, Y, additional, Sun, Y, additional, Cui, H, additional, Fan, Z, additional, Han, X, additional, Jiang, X, additional, Tang, Q, additional, Zhou, J, additional, Zheng, Z, additional, Zhang, X, additional, Zhang, N, additional, Zhang, Y, additional, Shen, A, additional, Yu, J, additional, Ye, J, additional, Yao, Y, additional, Yan, J, additional, Xu, X, additional, Wang, Z, additional, Ma, J, additional, Li, Y, additional, Li, S, additional, Lu, S, additional, Kong, X, additional, Song, Y, additional, Yang, G, additional, Yao, Z, additional, Pan, Y, additional, Guo, X, additional, Sun, Z, additional, Dong, Y, additional, Zhu, J, additional, Peng, D, additional, Yuan, Z, additional, Lin, J, additional, Yin, Y, additional, Jerabek, O, additional, Burianova, H, additional, Fiala, T, additional, Hubac, J, additional, Ludka, O, additional, Monhart, Z, additional, Vodnansky, P, additional, Zeman, K, additional, Foldyna, D, additional, Krupicka, J, additional, Podpera, I, additional, Busak, L, additional, Radvan, M, additional, Vomacka, Z, additional, Prosecky, R, additional, Cifkova, R, additional, Durdil, V, additional, Vesely, J, additional, Vaclavik, J, additional, Cervinka, P, additional, Linhart, A, additional, Brabec, T, additional, Miklik, R, additional, Bourhaial, H, additional, Olbrich, H-G, additional, Genth-Zotz, S, additional, Kemala, E, additional, Lemke, B, additional, Böhm, M, additional, Schellong, S, additional, Rieker, W, additional, Heitzer, T, additional, Ince, H, additional, Faghih, M, additional, Birkenfeld, A, additional, Begemann, A, additional, Ghanem, A, additional, Ujeyl, A, additional, von Haehling, S, additional, Dorsel, T, additional, Bauersachs, J, additional, Prull, M, additional, Weidemann, F, additional, Darius, H, additional, Nickenig, G, additional, Wilke, A, additional, Sauter, J, additional, Rauch-Kroehnert, U, additional, Frey, N, additional, Schulze, CP, additional, König, W, additional, Maier, L, additional, Menzel, F, additional, Proskynitopoulos, N, additional, Ebert, H-H, additional, Sarnighausen, H-E, additional, Düngen, H-D, additional, Licka, M, additional, Stellbrink, C, additional, Winkelmann, B, additional, Menck, N, additional, López-Sendón, JL, additional, de la Fuente Galán, L, additional, Delgado Jiménez, JF, additional, Manito Lorite, N, additional, Pérez de Juan Romero, M, additional, Galve Basilio, E, additional, Cereto Castro, F, additional, González Juanatey, JR, additional, Gómez, JJ, additional, Sanmartín Fernández, M, additional, Garcia-Moll Marimon, X, additional, Pascual Figal, D, additional, Bover Freire, R, additional, Bonnefoy Cudraz, E, additional, Jobbe Duval, A, additional, Tomasevic, D, additional, Habib, G, additional, Isnard, R, additional, Picard, F, additional, Khanoyan, P, additional, Dubois-Rande, J-L, additional, Galinier, M, additional, Roubille, F, additional, Alexandre, J, additional, Babuty, D, additional, Delarche, N, additional, Berneau, J-B, additional, Girerd, N, additional, Saxena, M, additional, Rosano, G, additional, Yousef, Z, additional, Clifford, C, additional, Arden, C, additional, Bakhai, A, additional, Boos, C, additional, Jenkins, G, additional, Travill, C, additional, Price, D, additional, Koenyves, L, additional, Lakatos, F, additional, Matoltsy, A, additional, Noori, E, additional, Zilahi, Z, additional, Andrassy, P, additional, Kancz, S, additional, Simon, G, additional, Sydo, T, additional, Vorobcsuk, A, additional, Kiss, RG, additional, Toth, K, additional, Szakal, I, additional, Nagy, L, additional, Barany, T, additional, Nagy, A, additional, Szolnoki, E, additional, Chopra, VK, additional, Mandal, S, additional, Rastogi, V, additional, Shah, B, additional, Mullasari, A, additional, Shankar, J, additional, Mehta, V, additional, Oomman, A, additional, Kaul, U, additional, Komarlu, S, additional, Kahali, D, additional, Bhagwat, A, additional, Vijan, V, additional, Ghaisas, NK, additional, Mehta, A, additional, Kashyap, J, additional, Kothari, Y, additional, TaddeI, S, additional, Scherillo, M, additional, Zacà, V, additional, Genovese, S, additional, Salvioni, A, additional, Fucili, A, additional, Fedele, F, additional, Cosmi, F, additional, Volpe, M, additional, Mazzone, C, additional, Esposito, G, additional, Doi, M, additional, Yamamoto, H, additional, Sakagami, S, additional, Oishi, S, additional, Yasaka, Y, additional, Tsuboi, H, additional, Fujino, Y, additional, Matsuoka, S, additional, Watanabe, Y, additional, Himi, T, additional, Ide, T, additional, Ichikawa, M, additional, Kijima, Y, additional, Koga, T, additional, Yuda, S, additional, Fukui, K, additional, Kubota, T, additional, Manita, M, additional, Fujinaga, H, additional, Matsumura, T, additional, Fukumoto, Y, additional, Kato, R, additional, Kawai, Y, additional, Hiasa, G, additional, Kazatani, Y, additional, Mori, M, additional, Ogimoto, A, additional, Inoko, M, additional, Oguri, M, additional, Kinoshita, M, additional, Okuhara, K, additional, Watanabe, N, additional, Ono, Y, additional, Otomo, K, additional, Sato, Y, additional, Matsunaga, T, additional, Takaishi, A, additional, Miyagi, N, additional, Uehara, H, additional, Takaishi, H, additional, Urata, H, additional, Kataoka, T, additional, Matsubara, H, additional, Matsumoto, T, additional, Suzuki, T, additional, Takahashi, N, additional, Imamaki, M, additional, Yoshitama, T, additional, Saito, T, additional, Sekino, H, additional, Furutani, Y, additional, Koda, M, additional, Shinozaki, T, additional, Hirabayashi, K, additional, Tsunoda, R, additional, Yonezawa, K, additional, Hori, H, additional, Yagi, M, additional, Arikawa, M, additional, Hashizume, T, additional, Ishiki, R, additional, Koizumi, T, additional, Nakayama, K, additional, Taguchi, S, additional, Nanasato, M, additional, Yoshida, Y, additional, Tsujiyama, S, additional, Nakamura, T, additional, Oku, K, additional, Shimizu, M, additional, Suwa, M, additional, Momiyama, Y, additional, Sugiyama, H, additional, Kobayashi, K, additional, Inoue, S, additional, Kadokami, T, additional, Maeno, K, additional, Kawamitsu, K, additional, Maruyama, Y, additional, Nakata, A, additional, Shibata, T, additional, Wada, A, additional, Cho, H-J, additional, Na, JO, additional, Yoo, B-S, additional, Choi, J-O, additional, Hong, SK, additional, Shin, J-H, additional, Cho, M-C, additional, Han, SH, additional, Jeong, J-O, additional, Kim, J-J, additional, Kang, SM, additional, Kim, D-S, additional, Kim, MH, additional, Llamas Esperon, G, additional, Illescas Díaz, J, additional, Fajardo Campos, P, additional, Almeida Alvarado, J, additional, Bazzoni Ruiz, A, additional, Echeverri Rico, J, additional, Lopez Alcocer, I, additional, Valle Molina, L, additional, Hernandez Herrera, C, additional, Calvo Vargas, C, additional, Padilla Padilla, FG, additional, Rodriguez Briones, I, additional, Chuquiure Valenzuela, EJJR, additional, Aguilera Real, ME, additional, Carrillo Calvillo, J, additional, Alpizar Salazar, M, additional, Cervantes Escárcega, JL, additional, Velasco Sanchez, R, additional, Al - Windy, N, additional, van Heerebeek, L, additional, Bellersen, L, additional, Brunner-La Rocca, H-P, additional, Post, J, additional, Linssen, GCM, additional, van de Wetering, M, additional, Peters, R, additional, van Stralen, R, additional, Groutars, R, additional, Smits, P, additional, Yilmaz, A, additional, Kok, WEM, additional, Van der Meer, P, additional, Dijkmans, P, additional, Troquay, R, additional, van Alem, AP, additional, Van de Wal, R, additional, Handoko, L, additional, Westendorp, ICD, additional, van Bergen, PFMM, additional, Rensing, BJWM, additional, Hoogslag, P, additional, Kietselaer, B, additional, Kragten, JA, additional, den Hartog, FR, additional, Alings, A, additional, Danilowicz-Szymanowicz, L, additional, Raczak, G, additional, Piesiewicz, W, additional, Zmuda, W, additional, Kus, W, additional, Podolec, P, additional, Musial, W, additional, Drelich, G, additional, Kania, G, additional, Miekus, P, additional, Mazur, S, additional, Janik, A, additional, Spyra, J, additional, Peruga, J, additional, Balsam, P, additional, Krakowiak, B, additional, Szachniewicz, J, additional, Ginel, M, additional, Grzybowski, J, additional, Chrustowski, W, additional, Wojewoda, P, additional, Kalinka, A, additional, Zurakowski, A, additional, Koc, R, additional, Debinski, M, additional, Fil, W, additional, Kujawiak, M, additional, Forys, J, additional, Kasprzak, M, additional, Krol, M, additional, Michalski, P, additional, Mirek-Bryniarska, E, additional, Radwan, K, additional, Skonieczny, G, additional, Stania, K, additional, Skoczylas, G, additional, Madej, A, additional, Jurowiecki, J, additional, Firek, B, additional, Wozakowska-Kaplon, B, additional, Cymerman, K, additional, Neutel, J, additional, Adams, K, additional, Balfour, P, additional, Deswal, A, 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Published
2022
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49. The most dreadful mushroom toxins

Author

Irene Gouvinhas, Jani Silva, Maria José Alves, and Juliana Garcia

Subjects
mushroom toxins, toxicological mechanisms, chemical structures, treatment, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Mushroom consumption is a worldwide custom that continues to grow in popularity. On the other hand, foraging for wild mushrooms can lead to serious disease and even death if deadly mushrooms are accidentally consumed. Mushroom poisoning is difficult to diagnose and treat since the symptoms are similar to those of other disorders. In terms of chemistry, mushroom poisoning is associated with extraordinarily strong toxins, meaning that isolating and identifying toxins has substantial scientific relevance, especially in understanding the lethal components of toxic mushrooms. Most of these toxins exhibit exceptional physiological features that might help enhance chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology research. Despite the discovery of more than 100 poisons, several dangerous mushrooms remain unexplored. This review covers the chemistry (including chemical structures, complete synthesis, and biosynthesis), as well as the toxicology, namely the toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicology, and clinical toxicology of these poisons, in addition to the discussion of the development of their most effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies with the hopes of spurring additional studies, focusing on individual classes of toxins found in poisonous mushrooms such as amatoxins, gyromitrin, orellanine, and phallatoxins.

Published
2024
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50. Availability restrictions and mandatory precommitment in land-based gambling: effects on online substitutes and total consumption in longitudinal sales data

Author

Virve Marionneau, Jani Selin, Antti Impinen, and Tomi Roukka

Subjects
Gambling, Substitution effects, Availability, Precommitment, COVID-19, Finland, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Gambling causes important harms in societies. According to the public health approach, the most effective policies to reduce harms target full populations. Availability restrictions and mandatory precommitment are among the most effective measures. However, restrictions on the availability of some gambling products or channels may also be offset by increased consumption in other products. Substitution effects can have negative public health impacts due to differing harm potential across different gambling products. This paper uses longitudinal sales data (2019–2022) from the Finnish gambling monopoly Veikkaus. During the observation period, the availability of gambling was restricted in Finland due to subsequent waves of Covid-19-related restrictions. In addition, the gambling monopoly introduced mandatory precommitment to land-based EGMs. We focus on how these restrictive policy changes impacted the total consumption of gambling and possible substitution effects. Methods The Finnish gambling monopoly provided weekly theoretical loss data per gambling product category and gambling channel (online, land-based) for the period of January 2019 – July 2022 based on a statutory obligation. We analysed the effects of availability restrictions and other public health measures on the consumption of different products using descriptive time series and regression analyses. We compared the sale of land-based products to online equivalents at product category level and included main policy change periods in the models. Results Total consumption of gambling declined during 2019–2022 mainly due to reduced land-based electronic gambling machine (EGM) consumption. Declines in land-based EGM sales were not offset by online alternatives or other close substitutes in the long term. However, during the first wave of Covid-19, there was an observable substitution of land-based table games by online alternatives and land-based horse betting and possibly sports betting by online horse betting. Overall, the results also show that Covid-19 functioned as a boost to an already existing trend of increasing digitalisation of gambling. Conclusions The study provides empirical support for the effectiveness of public health-oriented policies in reducing the total consumption of gambling. Availability restrictions and mandatory precommitment are therefore likely to also reduce the burden of harms of gambling to individuals and societies.

Published
2024
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