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The present work preparation of thin films CdTe by vacuum thermal evaporation method. The X-ray diffraction shows all films were polycrystalline structure and the crystal size increases with increase thicknesses and decrease with annealing. Atomic force microscopic (AFM) image shows decrease the roughness with increase of thickness and annealing temperature. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image shows thin film thicknesses and annealing temperature effects directly on grain size, Moreover the optical band gap changed by increasing the thin films thickness and decreased with increasing of annealing temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research had dealt with study the composition of an alloy (86% Cu, 10% Sn, 4% P) prepared by the casting method and chemically damaging it according to the methods used in simulating damaged archaeological samples by placing the alloy in a dilute solution of (8%) molar sulfuric acid (H2 SO4) for (24) hours. Then, it was softened for mechanical treatments. After it was treated by laser using a Ndmium-Yak pulsed laser and energy (300 mJ) for (10 sec) and at a distance of (100 cm). Therefore, it had four stages of the alloy (Base, damaged, mechanically treated, and mechanically with laser-treated). The x-ray diffraction test was performed for each stage with a hardness test performed by Vickers method. It was noticed that the damaged alloy has the lowest structural properties with a low hardness value, unlike the mechanically and laser-treated alloy, which possesses the best structural properties and hardness values, which makes this method an appropriate way to deal with the maintenance of archeological bronze pieces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]