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This research assessed the recycling feasibility of sewage sludges from Brazilian wastewater treatment plants for producing ceramic bricks. The process of treating sewage generates a large amount of sludge, primarily organic, that is frequently disposed of in landfills. This sludge can contain heavy metals and pathogens, depending on its origin. In this sense, this study evaluated the use of two different types of sludge (ranging from 0 to 10 wt% in place of clay) as starting materials in the production of ceramic bricks by microstructural and physico-mechanical analyzes. The results show that the addition of sludge decreases the apparent density of the bricks and increase the susceptibility of efflorescence formation, which is due to the higher porosity that is generated during the firing process. Although water absorption is increased, the levels remain within the commercial standards for bricks. On the other hand, the presence of sludge softens the presence of harmful elements such as Al, Ba, Fe, and Zn in the final product. The compressive strength and linear shrinkage of the bricks are not significantly affected by the addition of sludge. It was noticed that including up to 6 wt% of sewage sludge in the clay mixture for producing ceramic bricks is a viable and sustainable recycling solution with low environmental impact. The addition of 10 wt% sewage sludge significantly reduces the compressive strength and density and increases the water absorption of the bricks.

Abstract The valorisation of waste or by-products in Portland clinker production is a promising alternative for developing sustainable cements. The complexity of the chemical reactions during clinkering demands an adequate dosing method that considers the effect of feedstock impurities to maximise the potential substitution of natural resources by waste or by-products, while guaranteeing the clinker reactivity requirements. This study proposes a raw meal proportioning methodology for optimising co-processing of natural feedstocks with alternative raw materials in clinker production, intending to reduce the content of natural raw materials needed, while promoting an optimal clinker reactivity. A thermodynamic modelling sequence was developed considering the variability of raw materials composition and heating temperatures. The model was then validated by comparing simulation outcomes with results reported in previous studies. An experimental case study was conducted for validation of the proposed method using a spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (SFCC), a by-product from the oil industry as an alternative alumina source during clinkering. The modelling simulations indicated that substitution of natural feedstocks by 15 wt% SFCC promotes the formation of reactive clinkers with more than 54% tricalcium silicate (C3S). Mixes with the potential to form the highest C3S were then produced, and heating microscopy fusibility testing was applied for evaluating the clinkers’ stability. The main factors governing the reactivity and stability of the clinker phases were the melt phase content, alumina modulus, and formation of C3S and dicalcium silicate (C2S). The self-pulverisation of clinker during cooling was observed in selected mixes, and it is potentially associated with high viscosity and low Fe content in the melt phase. The proposed framework enables optimisation of the dosing of raw meals containing alternative alumina-rich feedstocks for clinker production and allows a deeper interpretation of limited sets of empirical data.

This study evaluates the influence of milling on the reactivity of drilling cuttings (DC) utilized as supplementary cementitious material in ternary cements (TC). The drilling cuttings milling study varied the time (2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min) and rotation speed (200 and 300 rpm), determining the specific milling energy and grindability index. The hydration of TC pastes containing DC with different particle size distributions was evaluated by isothermal calorimetry during the first 72 hours, XRD/Rietveld at 3 and 28 days, compressive strength and absorption. The incorporation of milled DC improved the TC hydration kinetics compared to reference pastes of ordinary Portland cement (REF.PC). After 28 days, the TC pastes with the D50% diameter smaller than 11 µm reached at least 70% of the resistance to the strength of the Portland cement paste. Milled DC contributes to the physical and nucleation effect of the TC pastes studied and can be used as an SCM.

Diretamente relacionado à eficiência energética de uma edificação e à promoção do conforto aos usuários, o desempenho térmico do edifício é um dos critérios abordados nas normas de desempenho brasileiras. Acrescentando-se o fato de que a alvenaria estrutural em blocos de concreto se apresenta como um sistema construtivo de larga utilização em todo o território brasileiro, faz-se pertinente investigar alternativas que melhorem o seu desempenho térmico. A presente pesquisa desenvolveu blocos de concreto com diferentes percentuais de lã de rocha na sua composição, 0%, 10%, 20% e 30%, em substituição parcial à areia. Para a avaliação do desempenho térmico de alvenarias compostas por esses blocos, para a Zona Bioclimática-8, a pesquisa investigou a influência da lã de rocha incorporada ao bloco, bem como analisou a influência da argamassa de revestimento e da pintura no comportamento térmico das alvenarias. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a lã de rocha otimizou o desempenho térmico das alvenarias, especialmente na percentagem de 30% e quando rebocada e pintada com cores claras na superfície externa da alvenaria.

We consider a nonlocal discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation with delays. We prove that the process associated with the non-autonomous model possesses a pullback attractor. As a consequence of our discussion, the existence of a global attractor for the autonomous model is derived.

This quasi-experimental research aimed to describe the syllabus design process using the "backward design model" and its features to determine the teacher candidates' perceptions of its application in the English Skills Development course. To achieve these objectives, the syllabus based on the BDM was designed before starting the course; after that, it was applied to sixteen students enrolled in a teacher preparation program at a Hungarian university in Budapest. At the end of the course, the participants developed sixteen final projects related to the main topic of the course, teaching English as a Foreign Language in Hungary and following the Goal, Role, Audience, Situation, Product, Standard (GRASPS) framework to conduct authentic performance tasks. This research method involves collecting data through written reflections, focus-group interviews and content analysis of the conducted performance tasks. The results show that BDM and authentic performance tasks can be used as a coherent, organized, and flexible syllabus design that supports EFL students by providing differentiated instruction to foster their English skills, creativity, problem-solving and critical thinking skills, long life and autonomous learning, and digital competencies. Furthermore, the results of the study make an essential contribution to the context of EFL by suggesting that planning the syllabus based on the BDM creates strong connections between course objectives, assessment, content, teaching strategies, and technology, thereby offering a practical framework for educators to enhance their teaching practices in the digital age.

A evasão nos cursos de licenciatura é um dos principais problemas no atendimento da demanda crescente de professores do Ensino Básico, e o estudo dos fatores que influenciam essa evasão pode contribuir para o estabelecimento de estratégias para a sua redução. Investigamos fatores que contribuíram para a evasão na licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), com ênfase nos efeitos da mudança no currículo de licenciatura. Adotamos uma abordagem mista a partir de dados dos estudantes que ingressaram no curso entre 1997 e 2010, antes e depois da reestruturação. Foram sorteados potenciais participantes até se atingir o número de 16 voluntários (oito evadidos e oito formados), e realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com estes. As falas obtidas foram analisadas à luz da Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados mostram que a reestruturação curricular, apesar de contribuir para a opção de escolha do estudante entre licenciatura e bacharelado, pouco contribuiu para formação da identidade docente e a redução da evasão. Discutimos a necessidade de as mudanças curriculares darem mais ênfase à formação da identidade docente como estratégia para a redução da evasão em licenciaturas. Palavra-chave: Evasão. Licenciatura; Ciências biológicas; Reestruturação curricular. Abstract Dropout in undergraduate courses is one of the main problems in meeting the growing demand of primary school teachers, and the study of factors that influence dropout can contribute to the establishment of strategies for its reduction. We investigated factors that contributed to the evasion in a degree in Biological Sciences in the Amazon (UFAM), with emphasis on the effects of the change in the undergraduate curriculum. We adopted a mixed approach based on data from students who entered the course between 1997 and 2010, before and after the restructuring. Potential participants were drawn until the number of 16 volunteers (eight evaded and eight graduated) were drawn and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. The statements obtained were analyzed in the light of Content Analysis. The results show that the curricular restructuring, despite contributing to the choice of the student between bachelor's degree and bachelor's degree, contributed little to the formation of the teacher identity and the reduction of dropout. We discuss the need for curricular changes to emphasize the formation of teacher identity as a strategy for reducing dropout in undergraduate degree. Keywords: Dropout. Degree. Biological science. Curricular restructuring.

RESUMO Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o caráter interventivo-dialógico de uma pesquisa realizada com estudantes de uma universidade federal brasileira, a qual teve como corpus as Oficinas de Fotografia Mobile. Os materiais produzidos nas oficinas foram analisados a partir de uma perspectiva dialógica, considerando-os resultantes do processo de interação com e de mediação do pesquisador. Nos resultados discute-se: o papel do(a) pesquisador(a) na produção de novos contextos e cenários; a composição dos materiais produzidos na pesquisa também como resultado da ação do(a) pesquisador(a); e a produção de novas possibilidades de olhares e de reflexão, por parte dos(as) participantes da pesquisa, sobre seus posicionamentos.

Inserido no campo dos estudos sobre a Educação Superior Brasileira, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar respostas/posicionamentos de estudantes de graduação de uma universidade pública brasileira às dimensões e possibilidades espaçotemporais em suas vidas acadêmicas. Para tal, com base na filosofia da linguagem do Círculo de Bakhtin e na Filosofia Crítica, foi realizada uma pesquisa de caráter interventivo com Oficinas de fotografia, as quais produziram dados compostos por fotografias, diários de campo e transcrições de diálogos. Ao analisar os dados, discute-se sobre: a organização discursiva espaçotemporal da vida acadêmica e seus efeitos aos processos de produção de subjetividades das/os estudantes; a não homogeneidade e não linearidade dos espaçotempos na vida universitária; criação de novos olhares, sensibilidades, pensabilidades e possibilidades de ação a partir da instauração e convite a tempos lentos. Conclui-se sobre a necessidade de criação e visibilização de espaçotempos lentos, que permitam a apropriação crítica dos processos por aquelas/es que os vivenciam.

The premature degradation of concrete structures is nowadays a common problem, and the use of repair materials to promote structural rehabilitation is usually necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of cracked concrete structures repaired with alkali-activated mortar (AAM). A beam repaired with a polymer modified mortar (PM) was used as reference. Concrete beams of 120 mm wide x 250 mm high x 2100 mm long were initially loaded in bending until failure. Thereafter, the beams were repaired with AAM or PM and they were submitted to a new bending test, with some analysis: first crack load, maximum load, ultimate load, and crack formation. The results showed that the repair (AAM or PM) was efficient, although the repaired beams developed the first crack with low load than reference beams. AAM showed to be as efficient as PM in recovering the concrete cracked beams.

Abstract One-part alkali-activated binder (AAB) is a product with lower environmental impact than Portland cement, and can be a feasible commercial alternative. The main objective of this study was to propose and test a method of obtaining one-part AAB with metakaolin and an alternative powder sodium silicate from rice husk ash (RHA). To evaluate the AAB properties, mortars were produced with different SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratios (2.7, 3.1, and 3.3), and tests were conducted to characterize the binder. The results indicated that the process was efficient in generating a non-crystalline sodium silicate powdered material. With high SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio the mortars achieved high compressive strength and it increased with age, had low permeability, and capillary water absorption. Compressive strength results varied from 6 MPa to 12 MPa at 28 days, indicating the possibility of using the proposed method for one-part AAB production. AAB produced can be applied in different building materials.

ABSTRACT This study aims to report the diagnostic course and treatment of a fast-growing mycobacteria infection after cesarean delivery. We report the case of a 37-year-old woman admitted to the Infectious Diseases’ Clinic of the Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco State, Brazil, four months after a cesarean section, presenting with healing difficulties and located pain outside the surgical site. The first diagnosis was a probable rejection of the sutures that were not absorbed, but based on the clinical signs, reported history, complementary laboratory tests and no response to treatment with the conventional antibiotic therapy (cephalosporins/quinolones) prescribed, the ultimate diagnosis was a mycobacteriosis caused by Micobacterium fortuitum. Since fast-growing mycobacteria do not easily penetrate host tissues, they is mainly related to post-trauma or post-surgical procedures. It is extremely important to call attention to these occurrences in the gynecological-obsthetric field. Treatment for mycobacteriosis is often complicated because of the side effects of antibiotics, especially the ototoxicity of amikacin.

Este texto tem por objetivo analisar enunciados verbais e imagéticos, respostas de estudantes às vozes sociais que produzem os espaçotempos, condições e possibilidades da/na vida acadêmica universitária e que expressam alguma forma de sofrimento. Esses enunciados, diálogos (transcritos) e fotografias, foram produzidos no contexto de Oficinas de Fotografia, que compuseram uma pesquisa-intervenção de doutorado em psicologia, por estudantes de graduação (num total de 16 participantes) de uma universidade federal brasileira. Discutimos sobre esses enunciados como produto/reflexo de exclusão no contexto acadêmico universitário que é, na maioria das vezes, silenciado e invisibilizado em meio a lógicas de produtividade, custos, rankings, entre outras. Concluímos sobre a necessidade de construção de espaços em que as vozes das/os estudantes possam circular, ser ouvidas/lidas, para que possam auxiliar, de forma efetiva, na construção das universidades e das condições e possibilidades da vida acadêmica.

Todas as empresas sofrem influência das variáveis macroeconômicas, de forma mais ou menos acentuada, uma vez que estão sujeitas às condições econômicas das regiões onde estão inseridas. Esse raciocínio não é diferente para empresas que vendem bens e serviços aos consumidores finais, tais como as empresas pertencentes ao setor de Consumo Cíclico (produção e venda de bens duráveis) e Não Cíclico (produção e venda de bens não duráveis) da BM&FBovespa. À luz da Teoria dos Ciclos Econômicos, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar o impacto das variáveis macroeconômicas nos indicadores econômico-financeiros das empresas do setor de Consumo Cíclico e Não Cíclico da BM&FBovespa, uma vez que a teoria sugere que empresas do primeiro setor são mais afetadas por flutuações econômicas do que empresas do segundo setor. Nesse sentido, realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e com análise de dados documentais. O estudo utilizou-se do cálculo dos coeficientes de correlação canônica, com o auxílio do software estatístico SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). A amostra da pesquisa consistiu em 103 empresas que negociam seus papéis na BM&FBovespa, divididas nos setores de Consumo Cíclico (64 empresas) e Consumo Não Cíclico (39 empresas). As conclusões do estudo apontam para uma aceitação da teoria de que empresas cíclicas são mais impactadas por variações na economia brasileira, uma vez que os resultados obtidos por meio da correlação canônica mostram que os indicadores econômico-financeiros das empresas do setor Cíclico estão mais correlacionados às variáveis macroeconômicas do que os indicadores das empresas Não Cíclicas. All companies are influenced by macroeconomic variables, more or less sharply, as they are subject to the economic conditions of the regions where they operate. Thus, this reasoning is no different for companies that sell goods and services to end users, such as companies belonging to the consumption sector Cyclical (production and sale of durable goods) and Non-Cyclical (production and sale of non-durable goods) sector of BM&FBovespa). In light of the Business Cycle Theory, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of macroeconomic variables on the financial indicators of companies in the Consumer Cyclical sector and Non-Cyclical BM&FBovespa, since they have to companies in the first sector are more affected by economic fluctuations than companies in the second sector. In this sense, there was a quantitative, descriptive and analysis of documentary data. The study used calculation of canonical correlation coefficients, using statistical software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). The survey sample consisted of 103 companies that negotiate their roles in the BM&FBovespa, divided into the sectors of Consumer Cyclical (64 companies) and Consumer Non-Cyclical (39 companies). The study’s findings point to an acceptance of the theory that cyclical companies are more impacted by changes in the Brazilian economy, since the results obtained by the canonical correlation indicates that the economic-financial indicators of Cyclical sector companies are more correlated to macroeconomic variables than the indicators of the companies not Cyclical.

The aim of this work was to analyze the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of amazon wells located in the Novo Horizonte, Macapá, AP, which are used for consumption by the local population, aiming to awaken knowledge about water quality and care Inherent to the well, through the application of an educational primer. The sample were collected in drought (November 2016) and rains (March 2017), with water samples stored in 1 liter sterile polyethylene bottles with sealing in 20 amazon wells. The analytical procedures were carried out in loco and in the Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the State University of Amapá (UEAP). The analyzed parameters were: pH, turbidity, alkalinity, acidity, total hardness, chlorides, total solids, total and thermotolerant coliforms. All analyzes were performed in duplicate. According to the results, based on the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health No. 2914, of December 12, 2011, which establishes procedures for the control and monitoring of water quality for human consumption and its drinking water standard, it was concluded that the Novo Horizonte neighborhood had a negative index on the groundwater quality used by the local population with the presence of coliforms and, after exploratory analysis of the data by HCA, PCA and boxsplot, the related variations of pH, alkalinity, hardness and chlorides, especially in the rainy season.

The influence of NaCl salt in the hydration of the Portland cement paste class G was studied using a Non Conventional Differential Thermal Analysis (NCDTA) on the first 24 hours of cement hydration. The mass of salt used corresponds to 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of mass of water used in the preparation of the pastes. The water/cement ratio (w/c) remained constant, being 0.46, and the pastes final volume was 99.9mL. Applying a deconvolution method to separate overlapped NCDTA peaks it was possible to estimate the energy released during the different stages of hydration and the effect of salt in cement hydration process. The presence of up to 10% of salt accelerated the hydration process and increased the hydration of C3S and C3A, while the 20% of the salt causes a delayed hydration and decreased the hydration of C3S and C3A. Futhermore, cement pastes with the same percentages of NaCl and with different hydration times were evaluated by Thermogravimetry (TG), Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). After 28 days the presence of salt caused a greater increase in the formation of hydrated products.

O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi comparar o gasto público com o desempenho dos alunos, nos pequenos municípios do Estado de Santa Catarina. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com enfoque predominantemente quantitativo, baseada em levantamento e coleta de dados documentais. Foi trabalhada uma amostra de 25 Municípios com menos de 50.000 habitantes, no período de 2011 a 2014, identificando o gasto anual por aluno, relacionando-o com a taxa de aprovação dos estudantes e o desempenho no IDEB. O gasto médio anual por aluno foi de R$ 8.529,68. Foi constatada grande disparidade nos valores praticados pelos Municípios (diferença de até 462%), o que, comparado com as divergentes e elevadas taxas de aprovação média (96,6%) e os distintos desempenhos no IDEB levou à conclusão de que não existe relação entre o gasto público na rede municipal de ensino e o desempenho dos estudantes. The overall objective of this research was to compare public expense on student performance in small municipalities in the state of Santa Catarina. This is a descriptive study, with predominantly quantitative approach, based on survey and collection of documentary evidence. A sample of 25 municipalities with less than 50,000 inhabitants was analyzed in the period of 2011 to 2014. It was identified the annual spending per student and its relation to the passing rate of students and their performance in IDEB. The average annual expenditure per student was R$ 8,529.68. It was found out a great disparity in the amounts charged by municipalities (difference from up to 462%), which, compared to the divergent and high average approval rates (96.6%) and different performances in IDEB, led to the conclusion that there is no relationship between public spending on public schools and student performance.

Abstract Environment issues and their relationship with man have encouraged discussions and actions to prevent negative effects on the environment. To have effective programs that encourage more sustainable actions in Construction, it is necessary to know what people think and know about sustainability, the meanings and socially shared ideas. This research was developed within an interdisciplinary approach involving social psychology and civil engineering and aims to identify the social representations of college students of engineering and humanities on sustainability. It is a descriptive study that used an electronic questionnaire and EVOC for data analysis. The results point to a social representation of sustainability associated with the environmental dimension: environment, environmental, and nature. The other two dimensions of the triple bottom line, economic and social, appear superficially as peripheral representations.

This quasi-experimental research aimed to examine if and to what extent the adaptation of the 4/3/2 technique and self-assessment contributes to the improvement of students' speaking fluency. 24 ninth graders ranging from 11 to 13 years old were separated randomly into control and experimental groups, each having 12 participants. The data were obtained by means of two tests (pre and post) and examined using a speaking fluency rubric. The calculation of rubric variables was done using the software Praat and Jwatcher and analyzed using the SPSS. After the implementation of the two techniques, fluency increased in both groups. However, the experimental group showed a significant difference compared to the control group. The use of the 4/3/2 evidenced the importance of planning, practicing, and repeating; and the self-assessment revealed the importance of feedback. Both techniques indicated to students that they could be autonomous in their learning, and they can search for different ways to reach their goals, making them the primary agent of their learning. The implications for teaching/learning and the limitations found during the study are discussed. Some recommendations for future research are presented. This research is addressed to EFL teachers who want to help students improve their spoken fluency.

Os diferentes tratamentos dados aos agregados reciclados influenciam nas propriedades das argamassas nos estados fresco e endurecido. Como estes agregados também possuem características peculiares, tais como, elevada absorção, forma lamelar, textura áspera e menor massa específica, surge a necessidade de estudar as diferentes práticas empregadas na dosagem de misturas contendo resíduos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a influência da incorporação de agregado miúdo reciclado em argamassas nos estados fresco e endurecido. Foram realizadas misturas de referência, e com teores de 25% e 50% de substituição de agregado miúdo natural por agregado miúdo reciclado. Para avaliar a influência da adição do resíduo nas argamassas no estado fresco utilizou-se o ensaio da mesa de consistência. Para avaliar essa influência no estado endurecido, foram realizados os ensaios de resistência à compressão axial nas idades de 3, 7 e 28 dias, além do ensaio de Absorção por imersão, na idade de 28 dias. Os resultados mostram que as misturas com agregado miúdo reciclado apresentaram-se menos resistentes e mais absorventes em relação às de referência. Este fato pode endossar a ideia de que a água de compensação utilizada para misturar as argamassas recicladas pode não permanecer no interior do agregado reciclado, migrando para a pasta, aumentando a relação a/c da mesma, tornando-a mais porosa e menos resistente.

The objective was to evaluate the initial performance of the bean genotypes grown in lowland soil in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The experiment was conducted in the 2015/2016 agricultural harvest, in a chapel greenhouse, arranged in the North-South direction, covered with polycarbonate and equipped with temperature controllers, located under the coordinates 31º 52'00 " South latitude and 52º 21'00 "west longitude with an altitude of 13 meters, this structure is located at the Federal University of Pelotas. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with five bean genotypes (IPR Tuiuiú, Carioca, Mouro, BRS Guabiju and BRS Embaixador) and four initial collection periods (9 DAS, 13 DAS, 17 DAS and 21 DAS), arranged in five replicates. The different bean genotypes reveal dissimilar initial growth rates in the face of the adversities imposed by lowland soils. The BRS Guabiju genotype is superior to the others for initial growth and is more acclimatized to the soils of the extreme south of Rio Grande do Sul.

In this work, a molecular modeling and multivariate study involving artemisinin and 28 derivatives with activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 is reported. The studied calculations of the compounds were performed at the B3LYP/6-31G** level. MEP maps were used in an attempt to identify key structural features of artemisinin and its derivatives that are necessary for their activities, and to investigate their interaction with the transferrin. The chemometrics methods PCA, HCA, KNN, SIMCA and SDA were employed in order to reduce dimensionality and to investigate which subset of variables could be more effective for classification of the compounds according to their degree of anticancer activity. Chemometric studies revealed that the ALOGPS_logs, Mor29m, IC5 and the gap energy descriptors are responsible for the separation into more active and less active compounds. In addition, molecular docking was used to investigate the interaction between ligands and receptor. The results showed that the ligands approached the receptor through the endoperoxide bond

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the improvement of chronic low back pain in osteoporotic patients treated with teriparatide (TPTD). METHODS: This was an observational study with a convenience sample of 21 patients with osteoporosis using TPTD, 20 mcg/day, between 2006 and 2010, with chronic low back pain (more than three months). Dorsolumbar radiographs and bone densitometry (DXA) were performed before and after treatment. For pain measurement the VAS pain scale was used. Data were entered in Excel and processed in STATA/SE 8.0 with Chi2 square or Fisher (p < 0.05). RESULTS: twenty-one patients aged 40-90 (mean 70 years), eight (40%) had senile osteoporosis and thirteen (60%) had osteoporosis secondary to medications. Seventeen (80%) had previous dorsolumbar fractures. Ten (47.5%) used TPTD for 24 months, six (27.5 %) used the medication for 18 months, four (20%) for 12 months and one (5%) for six months. Eight patients (40%) received previous anti-reabsortive therapy. Thirteen patients (60%) exhibited bone mass gain between 0% and 9% while eight (40%), between 10% and 15%. The final average VAS was 2.6 representing an improvement of 4.7 (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: There was a significant reduction in the severity of low back pain with the use of TPTD (initial mean VAS: 7.3, final VAS: 2.6, improvement: 4.7).

A espécie Luehea divaricata Mart. & Zucc., da família Malvaceae, possui madeira de alta qualidade, que tem sido empregada principalmente na confecção de móveis vergados, razão pela qual se encontra atualmente dizimada. A reposição em matas remanescentes bem como a sua utilização em projetos de reflorestamento necessitam da produção de mudas em larga escala. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o crescimento de plântulas de Luehea divaricata obtidas por semente, cultivadas em quatro substratos. Foram colocadas quatro sementes por tubete nos substratos Plant Max®, turfa, casca de arroz carbonizada e Mec Plant®. Aos 25 dias após a semeadura, foi efetuada a repicagem das mudas dentro de cada tratamento e, aos 50 dias, foi efetuado o desbaste. Avaliaram-se: percentagem de germinação das sementes, massa seca das raízes (g), massa seca da parte aérea (g), diâmetro do colo (cm), altura da parte aérea (cm) e número médio de folhas. O delineamento adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, os dados foram submetidos à análise da variância, e as médias comparadas ao teste de Duncan. As plantas cultivadas no substrato Plant Max® apresentaram quatro vezes mais massa seca das raízes e da parte aérea aos 180 dias. O crescimento das plântulas em turfa e casca de arroz foi menor em todos os parâmetros analisados. A propagação de Luehea divaricata a partir de sementes é tecnicamente viável nos substratos Plant Max® e Mec Plant®, os quais proporcionaram maior crescimento e qualidade às mudas.

In the last few years, the use of laparoscopy in veterinary medicine has expanded and consequently so was the need for studies that establish the advantages, disadvantages and possible complications of each procedure. The purpose of the current study was to describe a laparoscopic splenectomy technique and the alterations due to this access, and compare it to the open procedure in dogs. A total of 15 healthy female mongrel dogs were used, with mean weight of 17.4±2.5kg. The animals were distributed into three groups: Group IA of open splenectomy (laparotomy) using double ligation of the vessels of the splenic hilum with poliglicolic acid, Group IB of open splenectomy (laparotomy) with bipolar electrocoagulation of the splenic hilum, and Group II of laparoscopic access with bipolar electrocoagulation of the splenic hilum. Operative time, blood loss, size of incisions, complications during and after surgery were evaluated. Other parameters included pain scores, white blood cell (WBC) counts and postoperative serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose and cortisol. No differences were found in the evaluation of parameters between both open splenectomy techniques employed. Laparoscopic access presented significant differences (pNos últimos anos, a utilização da laparoscopia em Medicina Veterinária vem expandindo e, conseqüentemente, a necessidade de pesquisas que determinem as vantagens, desvantagens e possíveis complicações de cada procedimento. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever uma técnica de esplenectomia laparoscópica, assim como as alterações decorrentes deste acesso, e compará-la ao procedimento convencional em cães. Foram utilizadas 15 cadelas hígidas, sem raça definida, com peso médio de 17,4 ±2,5kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos: Grupo IA de acesso convencional (por laparotomia) utilizando ligadura com ácido poliglicólico no selamento vascular do hilo esplênico, Grupo IB de acesso convencional (por laparotomia) com eletrocoagulador bipolar do hilo esplênico, e Grupo II de acesso laparoscópico com eletrocoagulador bipolar para selamento vascular dos ramos esplênicos. Estes grupos foram avaliados em relação ao tempo cirúrgico, à perda de sangue, ao tamanho das incisões e às complicações durante e após a cirurgia. Também foram comparadas as avaliações da escala de dor e as alterações no leucograma e nas concentrações séricas da alanina aminotransferase (ALT), da fosfatase alcalina (FA), da creatina quinase (CK), da proteína C-reativa (CRP), da glicose e do cortisol no pós-operatório. Os acessos convencionais não diferiram entre si nos parâmetros avaliados. O acesso laparoscópico apresentou diferenças significativas (p

Neste estudo é apresentado um modelo experimental de defeito agudo em nervo periférico para avaliação da regeneração nervosa mediante técnica de tubulização associada à inoculação de células-tronco autólogas de medula óssea. Foram utilizados 12 coelhos Nova Zelândia albinos, submetidos à secção bilateral e ao afastamento de 5mm do nervo tibial e posterior reparo mediante utilização de câmara de silicone. Internamente à prótese de tubulização do nervo tibial esquerdo em todos os animais, foram inoculadas células-tronco autólogas de medula óssea, coletadas a partir do úmero. Como grupo controle (nervo tibial direito), mediante aplicação da mesma técnica de reparo, solução de NaCl 0,9% foi administrada internamente à prótese. Após 30 dias de observação, os animais foram eutanasiados e foi realizada a avaliação histológica dos segmentos nervosos por meio das colorações de hematoxilina-eosina, luxol fast blue e azul de toluidina. Com os resultados, foi possível concluir que o transplante de células-tronco autólogas associado à técnica de tubulização apresenta vantagens no processo de regeneração nervosa periférica.This study presents an experimental model of an acute deffect in a peripheral nerve to evaluate neural regeneration using a tubulization technique associated with the inoculation of autologous stem cells from bone marrow. A total of 12 New Zealand white rabbits underwent a bilateral dissection of the tibial nerve followed by repair with silicone tubulization. On the left tibial nerve of all animals, the tube was filled with autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells collected from the humerus. For control, using the same repair technique, the tubes were filled with a NaCl solution in the right tibial nerve. After 30 days of observation, the animals were euthanized and a histological evaluation of the collected nerve segments was performed by staining with hematoxylin-eosin, luxol fast blue, and toluidine blue. From the results it is possible to conclude that the transplanted autologous stem cells associated with the tubulization technique present an advantage in the peripheral nerve regeneration process.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do substrato e do tipo de estaca no enraizamento de Luehea divaricata. O experimento foi realizado no Viveiro Florestal da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), no período de dezembro de 2006 a fevereiro de 2007. Foram utilizadas estacas herbáceas (com folha e sem folha), de plantas matrizes com aproximadamente dois anos de idade e diferentes tipos de substrato (turfa, Plantmax®, vermiculita, Mecplant®) em arranjo fatorial 2x4. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco unidades experimentais por repetição e 10 repetições por tratamento. As avaliações foram realizadas 60 dias após a implantação do experimento. As variáveis observadas foram sobrevivência, enraizamento, número de raízes, comprimento das raízes, matéria seca das raízes e matéria seca da parte aérea. O tipo de estaca apresentou influência em todas as variáveis estudadas, tendo em vista que 100% das estacas sem folha morreram antes de enraizar. Estacas cultivadas em Plantmax® apresentaram maior comprimento das raízes quando comparadas ao substrato Mecplant®. A utilização dos substratos turfa e Plantmax® permitiu obter maiores valores de matéria seca da parte aérea e matéria seca das raízes. Estacas com um par de folhas cultivadas em Plantmax® são indicadas na estaquia de Luehea divaricata.An experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of substrate and type of stem cuttings on the rooting of Luehea divaricata. The experiment was conducted at a Forest Seedbed at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), from December 2006 to February 2007. Herbaceous stem cuttings were used (with and without leaf), of plant matrices of approximately two years of age distributed as substrate (peat, Plantmax®, vermiculite, Mecplant ®) in factorial 2 x 4. The experimental design was completely randomized and consisted of bifactorial combination with five units per repetition and 10 repetitions per treatment. The evaluations have been performed 60 days after the implantation of the experiment. The variables observed were: survival, rooting, number of roots, length of roots and dry mass of the roots and of the aerial part. The type of stem cuttings presented influence for the variables analyzed, considering that 100% of the stem cuttings without leaf died before rooting. Stem cuttings cultivated in Plantmax® showed higher length of the roots than Mecplant®. The use of peat and Plantmax® substrate enabled more values for the dry mass of leaf and roots. Stem cuttings with a pair of leaf grown in Plantmax ® are indicated in the vegetative propagation of Luehea divaricata.

Luehea divaricata Mart. é uma árvore de porte médio com madeira resistente e de grande flexibilidade, características que a qualificam como matéria-prima na fabricação de móveis vergados. Devido à relevância desta espécie em indústrias de base florestal, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do ácido indolbutírico e do diâmetro da estaca como subsídio à produção de matrizes adequadas ao uso comercial. Foram utilizadas estacas com 20cm de comprimento, coletadas de matrizes com aproximadamente dez anos de idade. Os tratamentos consistiram na combinação entre estacas com três classes de diâmetro: finas (0,4-0,8cm), médias (0,9-1,4cm), grossas (1,5-2,6cm) e dois níveis de solução de ácido indolbutírico (0; 5000mg L-1). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, consistindo de 12 unidades experimentais por repetição e cinco repetições por tratamento. Aos 90 dias após a implantação do experimento, foram avaliadas as variáveis: sobrevivência, enraizamento, número e comprimento radicial. Estacas médias e grossas imersas em 5000mg L-1 de solução hidroalcoólica de IBA são indicadas na estaquia de Luehea divaricata.Luehea divaricata Mart. is a medium-sized-tree of a resistent wood and great flexibility, characteristics which qualify it as raw material in the manufacture of furniture. Due to the relevance of this species to the forest based industry the project was conducted in order to investigate the indolbutyric acid and the diameter of the stem cuttings as a subsidy for the production of matrices adequate for comercial use. Stem cuttings of 20cm of length taken from matrices of approximately ten years of age were used. The treatments consisted of the combination between stem cuttings of three classes of diameter: fine (0.4-0.8cm), medium (0.9-1.4cm) and thick (1.5-2.6cm) and two levels of solution IBA (0, 5000mg L-1). A completely randomized experimental design was used and consisted of bifactorial combinations with 12 units per repetition and five repetitions per treatment. 90 days after the implantation of the experiment the following variables were evaluated: survival, rooting, number and length of the roots. Thick and medium stem cuttings immersed in 5000mg L-1 of hidroalcolic solution of IBA are indicated in the vegetative propagation of Luehea divaricata.

The species Luehea divaricata Mart. & Zucc., from the Malvaceae family, has its wood used mainly in the manufacturing of curved furniture. Due to the wood quality interest, it is observed, as main result, the species deforestation. The purpose of this study was evaluate the growth of Luehea divaricata seedlings coming from seeds in four substrates. Four seeds were put in the tested substracts: Plant Max®, black peat (mineralized), carbonizated rice hulls and Mec Plant®. After 25 days, the seedlings were transplanted inside each treatment and, after 50 days, the seedlings were pruned. It was used the completely randomized experimental, the data underwent the variety analysis, and the averages were compared to Duncan is Test. The following parameters were considered: the percentage of seeds germination, dry weights of the root (g), dry weights of the stem (g), the stem diameter (cm), the height of stem (cm) and number of leaves. The cultivated plants in the Plant Max® substract showed four times more root dry mass and aerial part on the 180 th day. Black peat and carbonizated rice hulls were less effective in the growing of the seedlings in the all analyzed parameters. The propagation of Luehea divaricata from seeds is technically viable, it is one alternative for seedlings production of the species and the substract Plant Max® and Mec Plant® was the best growth.

Despite the development of adapted popcorn cultivars such as UENF WS01, strategies such as bacterial inoculation are being explored to enhance plant resilience to abiotic stress. This study investigates the impact of drought stress on popcorn cultivation. Specifically, the aim was to identify the benefits of Bacillus cereus interaction with the drought-tolerant hybrid UENF WS01 for its morphophysiology and growth by comparing inoculated and non-inoculated plants under water-stressed (WS) and well-watered (WW) conditions. This evaluation was conducted using a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement. For WS with inoculation samples, there were significant increases in relative chlorophyll content, maximum fluorescence intensity, and agronomic water use efficiency. Chlorophyll content increased by an average of 50.39% for WS samples, compared to a modest increase of 2.40% for WW samples. Both leaf and stem biomass also significantly increased for WS relative to WW conditions. Overall, B. cereus inoculation mitigated the impact of water stress, significantly enhancing the expression of physiological and morphological traits, even when paired with a drought-tolerant hybrid.

Este trabalho analisa o discurso de inclusão da Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva (PNEEPEI, 2008) e os efeitos de sentido que produz em suas relações dialógicas. Trata-se de um estudo documental da legislação brasileira e de declarações das quais o Brasil é signatário, com base na filosofia bakhtiniana da linguagem. Discute como a nova política transforma os sentidos de práticas de instituições de educação especial em discriminatórias e produz o apagamento de diferenças humanas como mecanismo de garantia de direitos. Conclui-se sobre a necessidade de reflexão e avaliação das políticas públicas e de seus efeitos no âmbito da educação, repensando-a como instituição social contraditória.