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Fibrolipoma is a benign mesenchymal tumor with a rare presentation in the aerodigestive tract. This lesion is characterized by a slow growth rate and symptoms such as dysphagia, dysphonia, and dyspnea due to the mass effect on neighboring structures. Achieving optimal surgical outcomes requires indirect laryngoscopy and imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which provide useful information for a better understanding of the underlying pathology. Surgery is the treatment of choice, whether using an external or endoscopic approach. Complete excision of the lesion is essential because of the elevated risk of local recurrence. This case report presents a patient diagnosed with laryngeal fibrolipoma who underwent an external approach to the lesion, highlighting the need for a post-surgical follow-up due to the substantial risk of recurrence, even after prolonged disease-free intervals., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Research and Institutional Ethics Committee of University Hospital "Dr. José Eleuterio González" issued approval (OT24-0029). Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2025, Garza-Montelongo et al.)

Background: There are developmental variations in the paranasal sinuses. Our objective was to determine their dimensions and volume stratified by age and sex and define the expected growth pattern., Materials and Methods: A retrospective, observational study was performed including computed tomography (CT) of patients between 1 and 20 years of age. The volumes of the frontal, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses were obtained., Results: A total of 210 CT were included with a mean age of 10 ± 6.1 years, 106 (50.5%) were female. Groups were categorised in ranges of 5 years. Spearman correlation coefficients between the right and left sides were 0.843, 0.711, 0.916 for the frontal, sphenoid and maxillary sinuses. Post-hoc for the categorical age groups demonstrated statistically significant differences with values of p < 0.01, except between age groups 11-15 against ≥ 16 years of age (p = 0.8). Gender-related differences were evident with a higher air volume in girls in the 5-10-year-old group, while boys predominated in the rest of the groups., Conclusions: Computed tomography is ideal for pre-surgical sinus assessment. The maximum volume of paranasal sinuses is reached at the age of 15. There is a clear volumetric difference between age and gender groups. There is a direct relationship between a volume and its contralateral counterpart.

Background: Brachiocephalic trunk (BCT) variants may have a clinical impact during surgical procedures, some of which could be fatal. The objective of this study was to classify height positions of the BCT and report their prevalence in a Mexican population., Methods: Patients: A retrospective, descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional was performed using computed tomography angiography (CTA) of adult (> 18 years of age) patients, without gender distinction, of Mexican origin. Measuring techniques were standardized using the suprasternal notch to analyze linear and maximum heights, linear and curved lengths, and the vertebral origin and bifurcation levels of the BCT., Results: A total of 270 CTA were obtained (66.7% men and 33.3% women). A high position of BCT was present in 64.81% (n 175/270). The mean linear medial height was 0.58 ± 1.91 cm, the maximum height of the free edge was 3.85 ± 2.04 cm, side length of the midline at the maximum height of the free edge was 1.46 ± 2.59, linear length 3.72 ± 0.70, and a curve length 3.99 ± 0.79. The BCT origin was most predominant at the T3 (57.9%) and T4 (27.0%) vertebral levels, with the bifurcation at T2 (57.9%) and T1 (36.2%)., Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of high position BCT in our population. Patients should be assessed before any procedures in the area, due to the potential risk of complications., (© 2021. The Author(s).)