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Sa’fe disease is one of the skin diseases that has caught the attention of physicians of the Islamic ages. An ulcer on the head with small and scattered pimples has been regarded as the most significant symptom of this disease, sometimes making the patient’s face red. Generally, the condition is classified into two categories, dry and wet, with specific symptoms and treatments. The most significant signs of this disease include dry ulcers on the scalp and much dandruff, sometimes leading to baldness. The general treatment of this disease, which primarily affects the head and sometimes the face, includes blood collection in leprosy, cupping and leech therapy, regular washing with medicines and preparation of all kinds of poultices and oral medication. It should be noted that it is more common on the head and sometimes on the face. This disease is more prevalent in children than adults. Accordingly, this study was conducted to explain Sa’fe condition and mention the various symptoms and treatments stated in Islamic medical sources to remove this disease using the library method.

The Iranian cultural attitude of Samanid epoch, on top of their attention to various sciences, led to the emergence of some scientific works in Persian in this era. Under this circumstance, Al-Akhawayni Bokhari wrote the first medical book in Persian entitled Hidayat Al-Muta’allemin fi Al-Tibb. In his book, in addition to his own experiences, he benefited from the experiences of ancient physicians. This helped him to move the medical knowledge forward; he, in fact, wrote a ground piece of work in this area. This paper investigated the content of this book and revealed that the author was proficient and expert in ancient scientific resources. Taking advantage of these resources and adding his own experiences to them, he wrote a comprehensive medical book in the Islamic era. As such, in addition to various innovations employed in the book, it is shown to be an outstanding work, firstly because the book was written in Persian, known as the first Persian medical book in the Islamic era and secondly because the book took an empirical and deductive approach.

Ikhtiyarat Badiei is a well-written book authored by Haji Zain al Din Ansari (15th AD) in the era of Mozaffarid dynasty in Shiraz. The main tenet of the book is to introduce plant, animal and inanimate drugs in an alphabetical order. In this book, the writer has talked about the ancient terms used for drugs and medications. In addition, in writing the book, he has given reference to all related works used. Basically, the present study is a library research using the descriptive method and its main aim is to investigate the strong and weak points of Ikhtiyarat Badiei, as one of the most important books on pharmacology written in Persian in the Islamic era in the 15th century.

Ibn al Jazzar as the first Muslim physician has done works on medical sciences in North Africa. Apparently, he has had accessed to some of works in Greek and used them to compile over forty books. He has also made them more productive by his own experiences. Works of Ibn al Jazzar has been used by some well-known Muslim physicians, namely Razi‚ Ibn Sina, etc. In addition, his works has been translated into Latin and Greek in later years as well and his books, Zad al Mosafer, has become very important in Europe. Thus, its translation into Latin for the first time has caused medical sciences of ancient Greeks returned to Europe. He has also written Tib al Foqara va al Masakin for the poor who could not have access to any doctors or medicine because of their poverty. He has trained many students in Islamic sciences, namely Abuhefz Ibn Tariq Andalusia, a physician in Kairouan, in Tunisia. Abuhefz has brought Zad al Mosafer to Andalus and Muslim‚ Jewish and Christian doctors began to use it.