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This article presents the investigation of how far multinationals and other large state-owned companies in Pakistan practice corporate social responsibility. The authors compared the corporate social responsibility initiatives of the companies with the10 principles of the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) to look at the corporate social responsibility aspects covered and to find what elements are yet to be complied with. The content analysis of these companies' official Websites was carried out to explore the issue under investigation. The sample included40 companies that received second CSR Business Excellence Awards in 2014 to see if individual companies' CSR policies and practices were globally driven and to assess the level of commitment with UNGC principles

This article presents the investigation of how far multinationals and other large state-owned companies in Pakistan practice corporate social responsibility. The authors compared the corporate social responsibility initiatives of the companies with the10 principles of the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) to look at the corporate social responsibility aspects covered and to find what elements are yet to be complied with. The content analysis of these companies' official Websites was carried out to explore the issue under investigation. The sample included40 companies that received second CSR Business Excellence Awards in 2014 to see if individual companies' CSR policies and practices were globally driven and to assess the level of commitment with UNGC principles

This article has quantitatively analyzed the impact of monetary policy measures in Pakistan during 2001 to 2009. The study has focused the treasury bill rate and exchange rate has two main stream monetary tools to achieve objectives. There were five incidents of contractionary (tight) monetary policy and four incidents of expansionary (loose) monetary policy. A theoretical approach that inflation is always a monetary phenomenon is in-fact not often correct especially when the externalities impact tend higher than the fiscal and monetary measure such as weather, law and order and others. The CPI based inflation remained all time high during the period of year 2007-08 with 19.74 percent change in index price that is followed by subsequent period during year 2008-09 with 12.65 percent change. There was only the period of year 2002-03 where CPI based inflation was even lower than base period. Although over all monetary policy stance during this analyzed nine periods has been soft or expansionary. However during the period of 2004-05 SBP raised the Treasury bill rates by the end of April 2005 to curtail the demand pull inflation, which was a stimulus of consumer financing by commercial banks. A 138.231 percent rise in T.Bill rate had been all time high rates since year 2001 to 2009. Soon after such an episode which may be regarded as delayed monetary measure of SBP to curtail the inflation, SBP continued to maintain the raised T.Bill rate for attracting excess liquidity within banking system. Further, the average exchange rate of Pak Rs. to US$ had appreciated for five times and depreciated for four times since 2001 to 2009. The sterilization process by SBP to support the US$ foreign exchange reserves was responsible for Rs. depreciation within the domestic exchange market

This study tests the validity of asset pricing model conditional on up and down market for emerging market of Pakistan. The results indicate that when emerging market undergoes negative market excess return, basic capital asset pricing model is inaccurate to predict stock returns. Although the conditional asset pricing model accurately predicts the risk-return trade off with beta as sole determinant of stock returns when there is up market, however yet it is significantly variant during down market where significant impact of residuals is evinced on stock returns. The market excess returns of up and down markets are also found asymmetric.

The research paper examines the participation of commercial banks financing fund to production level of SMEs in Pakistan. The scholar reviews related to this research work suggests that SMEs contribute more than half of the economic establishments in economies of the world; and so as SMEs in Pakistan add their massive amount of contribution in national economic growth and development. Being as an economic growth catalyst for economy of Pakistan, this sector is under negative macroeconomic conditions that result into negative economic growth since year 2009. Besides other macroeconomic variables, market fund deficiency has been resulting into lack of access to finance and hence hampers the SMEs production. Whereas, access to finance available to SMEs in-terms of working capital finance, trade finance and fixed investment, is limited only through commercial banks than other sectors of fund arrangement. With the major data sources from State Bank of Pakistan publications and Ministry of Finance of Pakistan, the analysis reveals negative growth in private sector financing to SMEs from all scheduled banks. So as, the negative marginal contribution of Private, Public, Islamic and specialized banks to SME financing exclusively relates with the declining SME national output. The research concludes that commercial banks are core source for SME borrowing and hence rationally affect the production of SMEs in terms of working capital requirement. A fiscal policy adjustment along with monetary and capital market innovations is highly desirable to avoid SME sector vulnerability in global and regional competitiveness.