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Tras la creciente importancia de la imagen, el cuerpo y el auge de rasgos narcisistas por parte de adolescentes en Instagram, se ha llevado a cabo esta investigación basada en métodos cuantitativos en 245 sujetos y cualitativos en 20 y, en su mayoría, correlacional. El objetivo principal ha sido analizar el fomento de actitudes narcisistas en el uso de Instagram en adolescentes de la etapa tardía (18-21) en relación con la obsesión por la imagen y el autoconcepto/autoestima. Destacamos que los adolescentes utilizan diariamente Instagram y presentan rasgos narcisistas no patológicos, aunque no podemos decir que las actitudes narcisistas tengan un índice alto en la mayoría de la muestra. Destacamos una clara relación entre la obsesión con el cuerpo, la apariencia y autoestima en la mayoría de los casos. Concluimos con que las razones que inciden en la obsesión por la imagen y la baja autoestima vienen ligadas a muchos aspectos arraigados en la sociedad, donde la utilización de Instagram sirve como escaparate de estilos de vida e ilusiones perfectas que parten de una sociedad del espectáculo

In Spain, the COVID-19 pandemic forced absolute confinement from March 15 to July 21, 2020. On the other side of the screen, YouTubers girls and boys, creators of specific content for their peers, took the opportunity to increase their productions. This research examines 73 creations made during the confinement period by six Spanish YouTubers girls categorized as influencers by the number of reproductions and followers of their channels through content analysis to evaluate the interactions, content generated and subjective aspects of projection of the emotional state of these minors. The results show an increase in the number of interactors, positioning the female sector as the most prevalent gender. The contents have been related to the COVID-19 theme, while, in the emotional aspect, the influencers were not affected by the great sadness that hit Spain with the death of thousands of people.

Purpose Microteaching is a teacher training method based on microclasses (groups of four or five students) and microlessons lasting no more than 5–20 min. Since it was first explored in the late 20th century in experiments at Stanford University, microteaching has evolved at the interdisciplinary level. The purpose of this paper is to examine the networks found via an analytical bibliometric study of the scientific output related with microteaching in teacher training, through a study and examination of the Web of Science database. Design/methodology/approach This research was conducted with the VOSviewer tool for content analysis through data mining and scientific network structure mapping by means of the normalisation technique. This technique is based on the association strength indicator, which is interpreted as a measurement of the similarity of the units of analysis. Findings Two hundred and nine articles were thus obtained from the Web of Science database. The networks generated and the connections among the various items, co-authorship and co-citation are presented in the results, which clearly indicates that there are significant authors and institutions in the field of microteaching. The largest cluster is made up of institutions such as Australian Catholic University. The most often-cited document is by Rich and Hannafin. Allen (1968), who defines microteaching as a technique based on microclasses and microlessons, is the author most often cited and has the largest number of connections. Research limitations/implications This research’s limitations concern either aspects that lie beyond the study’s possibilities or goals that have proved unattainable. The second perspective, which focuses on skill transfer, contains a lower percentage of documents and therefore has a weaker central documentary structure. Lastly, the authors have also had to bear in mind the fact that the scientific output hinges upon a highly specific realm, the appearance and/or liberalisation of digital technologies and access to those technologies in the late 20th century. Originality/value This research shows that microteaching is a promising area of research that opens up vast possibilities in higher education teacher training for application in the realm of technologies. This paper could lead to several lines of future research, such as access to and the universal design of learning from the standpoint of different communication and pedagogical models based on microteaching.

Our study stars with the aim of discovering if there is a relationship between the beliefs and perceptions that Italian High School students have towards mathematics and some factors as grade, macro area, type of school and academic performance. The methodological proposal that this study follows is based on the combination of quantitative and qualitative method. Regarding the quantitative design, the instrument used has been a survey filled out by 4845 students living in Italy. The qualitative methodology has focused on the discourse analysis of 12 in-depth interviews with the participation of secondary school teachers. Among the main results we found that the perception of mathematics as a useful subject just to count, calculate and measure can be considered among the causes of the decrease academic performance of the students of the Second Grade Secondary School compared to the Primary School, because many students consider utility of math just in its arithmetic aspect. In addition, while changes about beliefs by grade, macro area and type of school are not significant, we found correlations between some particular beliefs and performance in mathematics, confirming a connection between beliefs towards this discipline and academic performance. The novelty of our research is found in having specifically detected which are beliefs and perceptions related to academic performance. That opens the door for future research.

Influencers of physical activity and sport have acquired an important role in the promotion of health and well-being through digital social networks such as Instagram. The purpose of this study is to obtain a detailed view of the use that sports and physical activity influencers make of the Instagram social network, its reach and impact on the audience. This study monitored and collected data from the channels of ten Spanish Sport & Fitness influencers who projected their activity towards 6,804,930 followers on the social platform Instagram. In addition, the content of the biography and most popular publications of each influencer was analysed, considering the visual aspects, codes and digital languages. The results obtained show a commitment of the influencers to motivate and excite their audience to lead an active life, a healthy lifestyle and to perform a variety of exercises to increase their muscular strength, flexibility and cardiorespiratory resistance, among others. They also offer practical nutrition advice, performance-enhancing recommendations, and individualized training programs. All this through a style and strategies typical of digital marketing and influence to gain trust and credibility, achieve engagement and a positive impact on their audiences, even influencing the decision to purchase services and products from commercial brands. This scenario highlights the importance of media literacy for citizens towards a responsible use of the Internet and social networks, especially towards the consumption of content related to physical activity and sports, thus developing critical thinking to evaluate the information that can influence our decisions and perceptions about health and physical well-being.

Agradecimiento: Este estudio está respaldado por el Grupo en Comunicación e Información Digital (GICID, código S29-17R) y el Grupo de Investigación de Social Media y Educación Mediática Inclusiva y Ubicua (SMEMIU, código 484). GICID pertenece a la Universidad de Zaragoza (España) y está reconocido como grupo de referencia por el Gobierno de Aragón y subvencionado por el Fondo Social Europeo. SMEMIU es un grupo consolidado que pertenece a la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) de España., Esta investigación analiza las competencias digitales de los inmigrantes hispanos residentes en Estados Unidos, con el fin de conocer cuáles son sus posibles fortalezas y carencias para alcanzar un verdadero empoderamiento digital ciudadano como grupo. Como técnicas de análisis, se realiza una triangulación metodológica mediante encuestas a los propios inmigrantes, entrevistas en profundidad a observadores privilegiados y focus groups a representantes de diversas disciplinas, todo ello en paralelo con el estudio de los programas radiofónicos de servicio público en la Spanish Public Radio, gestionado por los propios inmigrantes y destinados a su grupo. Se ha concluido que los inmigrantes hispanos residentes en EE.UU. dedican sus consumos en el ciberespacio a un manejo más instrumental del mismo, pero les faltan actitudes críticas para actuar como ciberciudadanía empoderada. El empoderamiento digital de este sector de la población es eficiente para hacerse un hueco en el espacio digital, dar respuesta a sus carencias, sus necesidades y su consolidación como grupo activo e interactivo., This research analyzes the digital competencies of Hispanic immigrants residing in the United States, to know what their possible strengths and weaknesses are to achieve a true digital empowerment of citizens as a group. As analysis techniques, a methodological triangulation is carried out through surveys of immigrants themselves, in-depth interviews with privileged observers and focus groups with representatives of various disciplines, all in parallel with the study of public service radio programs in the Spanish Public Radio, managed by the immigrants themselves and destined for their group. It has been concluded that Hispanic immigrants residing in the US dedicate their consumption in cyberspace to a more instrumental management of it, but they lack critical attitudes to act as empowered cybercitizen ship. The digital empowerment of this sector of the population is efficient to gain a foothold in the digital space, to respond to its shortcomings, its needs, and its consolidation as an active and interactive group.

El objetivo de la presente investigación, cuyo corte metodológico es mixto, ha sido conocer el impacto que ejercen los influencers deportivos en un grupo poblacional de 404 adolescentes andaluces encuestados y 10 entrevistados cuya edad abarca desde los 16 hasta los 20 años. Atendiendo a los principales hallazgos, se demuestra que estos influencers contribuyen de manera positiva a aumentar el grado de motivación y adherencia por la actividad física. De forma sintética, el estudio establece una disociación entre la modalidad deportiva que se practica y el género del adolescente. Con esta afirmación queda expresado que ambos géneros tienen tendencia a seguir a influencers de su mismo género. Además, no se ha podido determinar que los hombres compren más dispositivos electrónicos que las mujeres. Sin embargo, un aspecto significativo a nivel estadístico es que el género masculino presenta más tendencia por compartir los datos en redes sociales y que los adolescentes que han comprado un dispositivo han intentado, en la mayor medida posible, que la marca se asemeje al que promociona su influencer. Concluimos que la labor que ejercen estos personajes públicos sobre sus seguidores es eficaz y directa, pues son capaces de incidir significativamente y mejorar la calidad de vida de todo aquel que los secunden. Abstract. The main of this research, whose methodological approach is mixed, has been to determine (otra opción: was to determine) the impact of sports influencers have on a population group of 404 Andalusian adolescents surveyed and 10 interviewees whose age ranges from 16 to 20 years. According to the main findings, it is shown that these influencers contribute positively to increasing the degree of motivation and adherence to physical activity. In summary, the study establishes a dissociation between the type of sport practiced and the gender of the adolescent. This statement shows that both genders tend to follow influencers of the same gender. In addition, it could not be determined that men buy more electronic devices than women. However, a statistically significant aspect is that males are more likely to share data on social media and that adolescents who have bought a device have tried, as much as possible, to have the brand resemble the one promoted by their influencer. Finally, it is concluded that the work of these public figures over their followers is effective and direct, as they are able to have a significant impact and improve the quality of life of all those who support them.

Resumen El presente artículo analiza las tareas motrices propuestas en el ámbito de la Educación Física, tanto por el maestro como en el juego libre, desde una perspectiva de género. A partir de una observación participante se obtienen las tareas propuestas en las sesiones de Educación Física de una escuela en la localidad de Meliana, en la provincia de Valencia (España). Se constatan 134 tareas motrices que se analizan y contextualizan en el marco educativo. Los resultados muestran que se tiende a impulsar un cierto modelo de comportamiento común cuando el docente ejerce mayor directividad. En cambio, cuando el profesor ofrece libertad para escoger, se tienden a reproducir los estereotipos de género dominantes. Resumo Este artigo analisa as tarefas motoras propostas no âmbito da Educação Física, tanto pelo professor quanto no jogo livre, a partir de uma perspectiva de gênero. A partir de uma observação participante, obtêm-se as tarefas propostas nas sessões de Educação Física de uma escola na cidade de Meliana, na província de Valência (Espanha). São analisadas e contextualizadas 134 tarefas motoras na estrutura educacional. Os resultados mostram que há uma tendência a promover um certo modelo de comportamento comum quando o professor exerce maior diretividade. Por outro lado, quando o professor oferece liberdade para escolher, há uma tendência a reproduzir os estereótipos de gênero dominantes. Abstract This article looks into the motor tasks proposed in Physical Education - both by teachers and in free play - from a gender perspective. Using participant observation, it collected the tasks proposed during Physical Education classes at a school in Meliana, in the Spanish province of Valencia: 134 motor tasks are analyzed and contextualized within the educational framework. The results show a tendency to promote a certain model of common behavior when teachers exercise greater directivity. On the other hand, when they offer freedom to choose, dominant gender stereotypes tend to be reproduced.

Este capítulo presenta un estudio que se plantea desde una metodología cualitativa de investigación, cuyo principal objetivo es el análisis de las competencias transmedia de los adolescentes, recogidas a través de su participación en los talleres y entrevistas de la investigación. La muestra total de este estudio es de 237 adolescentes españoles, caracterizados por un uso intensivo de las tecnologías digitales y los nuevos medios, obteniendo interesantes resultados sobre las distintas competencias, que se han catalogado en Competencias Productivas, de Gestión Social, de Gestión de Contenido, de Gestión Personal, Competencias Preformativas, Narrativas, Estéticas, Ideológicas y Éticas y, finalmente, Competencias de Contexto Mediático y Tecnológico, todas ellas habituales entre los adolescentes en la era digital en la que vivimos. Con este estudio se concluye que el aprendizaje ha dejado de ser entendido como limitado al entorno escolar, abriéndose una puerta también a la intercreación y construcción colectiva del conocimiento desde cualquier parte del mundo digital.

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar, desde la perspectiva de las familias, la brecha en el uso, acceso y calidad de uso en el desarrollo del aprendizaje del alumnado de Educación Primaria durante el confinamiento por la Covid-19. La metodología utilizada es mixta, analizando la brecha digital de uso, acceso y calidad de uso, de las familias mediante un cuestionario con 1228 participantes y una entrevista semiestructurada que ha contado con 20 participantes. Entre los resultados destaca el perfil de familias muy implicadas con la formación de sus hijos/as, con suficiencia de medios para poder hacer frente a los modelos de Educación a distancia. Al analizar las características sociales de las familias se encontraron diferencias significativas en las tecnologías digitales y en la conciliación familiar atendiendo al número de hijos/as de la unidad familiar. El acceso a contenidos educativos complementarios varía según la edad de los padres, su formación académica o el área profesional. El seguimiento de la web del Gobierno “aprendo en Casa” muestra diferencias atendiendo al tipo de institución educativa. Estos datos permiten vislumbrar la existencia de brecha digital en la educación a distancia en España, donde las diferencias sociales impiden el desarrollo de una educación inclusiva.

Our research was born with the objective of evaluating the level of gamification of high schools in Italy, specifically for mathematics, and the use of the serious game of chess as a resource for learning this discipline. The methodology is a mixed design, based on the combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques. Regarding the quantitative design, the instrument used was a questionnaire filled out by 4845 adolescents living in Italy. The qualitative methodology has focused on the analysis of the discourse of 12 in-depth interviews with mathematics teachers from high schools. Among the main results, we found that teachers, although unconsciously, apply gamification in classrooms (without having had any training about it) and, despite recognizing the mathematical benefits of chess, they do not use this game as a serious game. Our study confirms that gamification deserves more because of the benefits it brings, especially for a subject that scares students and demands greater motivation.

RESUM EN : Este estudio indaga acerca de los habitos de los adolescentes referidos al consumo, produccion y creacion en Instagram. Se han analizado los tipos de interrelaciones e interacciones que se producen en este espacio y, a su vez, la identidad personal acechada en ocasiones por peligros, verdades y mentiras. La investigacion se basa en una metodologia mixta, mediante la realizacion de un cuestionario a 171 adolescentes espanoles y el desarrollo de 17 entrevistas grupales a otros 67. Se ha observado que los adolescentes consumen contenido multimedia, sin embargo, no son capaces de crear mas alla de las propias interacciones que vienen fagocitadas por Instagram. Sus preferencias de interaccion son amistades, influencers o youtubers y familia, con quienes establecen una retroalimentacion de stories , like s, directos y otros comentarios. Se ha observado la existencia de peligros, como el acoso, la exclusion y la marginacion que llevan al bloqueo de determinados perfiles por su seguridad . PALA B RAS C L AVE : adolescente; redes sociales; interaccion social . ABSTRACT : This study investigates the habits of adolescents concerning the consumption, production and creation on Instagram. We analyzed the types of interrelationships and interactions in this space, and, in turn, the personal identities negatively impacted by dangers, truths and lies. The research used a mixed methodology, by conducting a survey with 171 Spanish adolescents, and developing 17 interview groups with another 67. It was observed that adolescents consume multimedia content, however, they do not create more than the interactions in which they take part on Instagram. Their preferred interactions are with friends, influencers or YouTubers and family, with whom they communicate with stories, likes, direct messages and other comments. The existence of dangers was observed, such as harassment, exclusion and marginalization that lead to the subsequent blocking of certain profiles for their safety . KEYWORDS : teenagers, social networks, social interaction .

Se presenta un estudio cuya finalidad es descubrir la concepción que tienen profesores y alumnos sobre la gamificación y su relación con el desarrollo de procesos de aprendizaje. Se consideró una muestra intencional o de conveniencia de alumnos y profesores de cinco centros educativos de España, cuyos docentes incorporan experiencias de gamificación en sus aulas. Partiendo de un estudio multicaso basado en un método mixto se aplicaron cuestionarios y entrevistas estructuradas y semiestructuradas que permitieron recopilar datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, para después realizar el proceso de triangulación. Verificamos que los profesores y alumnos señalan múltiples ventajas de la gamificación, entre las que destaca el aumento de la participación y la interacción en el aula, la motivación hacia el aprendizaje y la diversión en las experiencias educativas. Con ello se involucran elementos didácticos, entre ellos, los contenidos y los estándares de aprendizaje asignados al correspondiente nivel curricular.

Background In 2020 Spain launched an official campaign, #EsteVirusLoParamosUnidos, aimed at uniting the entire country through citizen cooperation, in order to combat Covid-19. The objective of this research has been to analyse how this Twitter campaign revealed the feelings expressed by Spanish citizens. Methods The research is based on a composite design that triangulates, from a theoretical model, a quantitative analysis and a qualitative analysis. Results Of the 7,357 tweets in the sample, 72.32% were found to be retweets. Four content families were extracted which relate to politics, education, messages to society and the defence of occupational groups. The feelings expressed ranged from those of unity, admiration and support to those of discontent and criticism of issues regarding the health situation. Conclusions The development of networked socio-political and technical measures, which enabled citizen participation, facilitated the development of new patterns of interaction between national or regional governments and digital citizens. This increased citizens’ possibilities of influencing the public agenda and, therefore, strengthening citizen engagement regarding specific situations., Digital citizenship; Twitter; e-participation; Covid-19; Discourse analysis.

Influencers have positioned themselves as opinion leaders capable of influencing large social groups, extending their presence to areas such as education. Instagram is one of the most consolidated social networks focused on the image where citizens interested in educational areas can find information from specialized channels on this topic. The purpose of this study is to analyze, during the period of confinement by COVID-19, the use of Instagram by educational influencers to consolidate their channel in new audiences, influence through interaction with their followers and create their transmedia production. Using a mixed methodological approach, a descriptive analysis of a sample of 810,200 users and a content analysis of 13 profiles of educational influencers is applied. The results show educational influencers as true experts in the use of Instagram, managing visually pleasing and harmonious profiles for new audiences. These influencers reach a large number of users, mostly women between the ages of 25 and 45 with an interest in “motherhood” on the platform. Educational influencers use digital marketing codes in their social networks, with a communicative style adapted to this type of space that seeks to increase the interaction and participation of new audiences and, as a consequence, economic profitability. There is a high number of influencers whose objective is to share educational resources, using their accounts as showcases for their transmedia educational production and for the sale or promotion of their productions and creations.

La implementación del aprendizaje móvil en el ámbito educativo se ha acelerado en los últimos años. Existen centros educativos en España que incorporan dispositivos electrónicos posibilitando, por medio de metodologías activas como el aprendizaje basado en proyectos, en problemas o en estudios de caso, que el alumnado se acerque a la construcción colectiva del conocimiento, con base en a una pedagogía participativa y un modelo comunicativo bidireccional; un planteamiento que se puede entender como el conjunto de acciones pedagógicas y didácticas que garantiza un verdadero aprendizaje a través de la participación directa del alumnado sobre el acto educativo. A pesar de esta realidad esperanzadora, aún quedan propuestas didácticas que se acercan más a la tradición conductista que ha imperado durante siglos, que a la nueva realidad digital que posibilita una forma alternativa de aprender. El proyecto de innovación analizado en este estudio, ha pretendido apostar por un modelo pedagógico participativo, tomando los dispositivos móviles como recurso clave para el desarrollo de los aprendizajes. A través de una investigación sobre la acción y teniendo como referente la consideración de la comunidad educativa y el grado de motivación del alumnado ante la tecnología, hemos observado una valoración positiva, considerando el aprendizaje móvil como un canal que puede ayudar a la mejora de la calidad de la educación.

(1) Background: Spain launched an official campaign, #EsteVirusLoParamosUnidos, to try and unite the efforts of the entire country through citizen cooperation to combat coronavirus. The research goal is to analyze the Twitter campaign’s repercussion on general citizen feeling. (2) Methods: The research is based on a composite design that triangulates from a theoretical model, a quantitative analysis and a qualitative analysis. (3) Results: Of the 7357 tweets in the sample, 72.32% were found to be retweets. Four content families were extracted: politics, education, messages to society and defense of occupational groups. The feelings expressed ranged along a continuum, from unity, admiration and support at one end to discontent and criticism regarding the health situation at the other. (4) Conclusions: The development of networked sociopolitical and technical measures that enable citizen participation facilitates the development of new patterns of interaction between governments and digital citizens, increasing citizens’ possibilities of influencing the public agenda and therefore strengthening citizen engagement vis-à-vis such situations.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo llevar a cabo un análisis de la realidad representada en la construcción del discurso, a partir de un caso de estudio cualitativo netnográfico que conjunta una doble vertiente: la desaparición de un menor que terminó en tragedia y la presunta culpabilidad de una inmigrante de raza negra en un asesinato que tuvo gran repercusión mediática. Para ello, en este análisis y categorización del discurso escrito de los actantes, tratamos de dilucidar los diferentes rasgos, intencionalidad y tratamiento del mismo en los sitios oficiales de Twitter y Facebook de cuatro medios de comunicación españoles @telecincoes, @LaSextaNoticias, @noticias-cuatro y @A3Noticias, mediante el estudio de sus diferencias. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto cómo el discurso en redes sociales tiene mayor proyección si está basado en la xenofobia, presentándose como `juicio paralelo´ normalizado ante determinados hechos sociales, planteamiento que es potenciado por los propios medios de comunicación. The aim of this article is to account for the analysis of the reality represented in the construction of discourse, from a case of a qualitative etnographic study which blends into a double aspect: the disappearance of a minor which ended in tragedy and the supposed guilt of an immigrant belonging to the black race in a murder which had a wide spread media impact. Thus, in this discourse analysis and categorization analysis of the actants, we will try to clarify the different features, components and treatment in the official sites of Twitter and Facebook of four Spanish mass media: @telecincoes, @laSextaNoticias, @NoticiasCuatro and @A3Noticias. The results bring to light how discourse in social networks has a much wider projection if it is based on aporophobia, revealing itself as a ''parallel trial'' normalized before certain social events, approach which is boosted by mass media itself.

El presente artículo, que contiene un estudio de prensa mixto y comparativo, tiene como objetivo analizar la cobertura mediática de una noticia eventualmente conocida como «el caso de Julen». El impacto de la historia se ha analizado con un método específico: en primer lugar, se analizaron 72 fuentes de medios nacionales e internacionales utilizando Mynewsonline. A continuación, se compararon con las distintas perspectivas que ofrecen los diarios españoles El País, El Mundo y ABC, con especial atención a la teoría del encuadre (framing). La historia de Julen fue seleccionada como estudio de caso debido a su extraordinario impacto en los medios locales e internacionales. Los resultados confirman que la cobertura analizada en la muestra no solo relató el hecho de manera fáctica. Los medios se centraron en ángulos y criterios sensacionalistas, como los conflictos emocionales relacionados con la pena, el dolor y la fascinación mórbida. Para incrementar sus ingresos, los medios de comunicación se dejaron enredar en un circo mediático. El present article, que conté un estudi de premsa mixt i comparatiu, té com a objectiu analitzar la cobertura mediàtica d'una notícia coneguda com «el cas de Julen». L'impacte de la història s'ha analitzat amb un mètode específic: en primer lloc, es van analitzar 72 fonts de mitjans nacionals i internacionals utilitzant Mynewsonline. A continuació, es van comparar amb les diferents perspectives que n'ofereixen els diaris espanyols El País, El Mundo i ABC, amb especial atenció a la teoria de l'enquadrament (framing). La història de Julen va ser seleccionada com a estudi de cas pel seu extraordinari impacte en els mitjans locals i internacionals. Els resultats confirmen que la cobertura analitzada en la mostra no sols va relatar el fet de manera fàctica. Els mitjans es van centrar en angles i criteris sensacionalistes, com els conflictes emocionals relacionats amb la pena, el dolor i la fascinació mòrbida. Per incrementar els seus ingressos, els mitjans de comunicació es van deixar enredar en un circ mediàtic. The present article, containing a mixed and comparative press study, aims to analyse the media coverage of a news story eventually known as "Julen's case". The impact of the story has been analysed with a specific method: First, 72 national and international media sources were analysed using Mynewsonline. Then, these were compared with the different perspectives offered by Spanish newspapers El País, El Mundo and ABC, with special attention paid to the theory of Framing. Julen's story was selected as the case study due to its extraordinary impact on both local and international media. The results confirm that the coverage analysed in the sample did not merely recount the event in a factual manner. Instead, the media focused on sensationalist angles and criteria, such as emotional conflicts related to sorrow, pain and morbid fascination. In order to increase their income, the media let themselves get entangled in a mediatic circus.

The European Project ECO has consolidated a global model of mass, open, and online courses that establish its communicative and pedagogical bases through students´ participation and interaction in sMOOCs. This type of course has enabled empowerment of students by offering the possibility of creating their own courses in the ECO platform, making the knowledge transfer from one virtual learning community to another created within a field of practice. This study uses a quantitative methodology to analyze the ECO platform’s sMOOC “Running Saludable 2.0” (Healthy Running 2.0) and it shows how this proposal, developed by students, enables the knowledge transfer based on methodological principles that favor interaction and participation.

El artículo estudia las preferencias de consumo mediático del público infantil de 3 a 6 años. Se efectúa un análisis de contenido de Peppa Pig para descubrir de qué manera su visionado condiciona el desarrollo de la identidad personal. La investigación se ha enmarcado dentro de una metodología mixta. El cuestionario pasado a 92 niños y niñas de la provincia de Pontevedra (España) ha sido el instrumento para descubrir las producciones más consumidas en la primera infancia. A nivel cualitativo se ha optado por estudiar, a través de una tabla de análisis, el contenido mediático de Peppa Pig y su influencia en el desarrollo de la identidad infantil, prestando atención a los patrones de conducta, educación en valores y rol de género.Los resultados del estudio manifiestan que Peppa Pig es una serie atractiva, con contenido sencillo y motivante para los consumidores. Aunque estos dibujos animados transmiten nociones como control emocional, normas de cortesía, capacidad de esfuerzo, resolución de conflictos y felicidad, también se proyectan aspectos negativos como es el egoísmo, pereza, faltas de respeto a los adultos, ausencia de cariño entre personas, provocación de problemas con resoluciones ilógicas y roles de conducta de personajes estereotipados.

sMOOCs (social massive open online courses) have revealed themselves as a remarkable opportunity to foster the culture of participation and open knowledge and sustainability. Due to their communicative potential, they make it possible for participants to interact, to create ubiquitous learning, and to build knowledge in a collective way. This educational and communicative line has set the basis for the European ECO (e-learning, communication, open data) Project, i.e., the purpose of our study, which, beyond training teachers, is decidedly betting on open life-long education. The results presented in the study have been elicited by following a quantitative methodology, through the analysis of a &ldquo, sMOOC Step by Step&rdquo, community, intended to become an educational gate to students&rsquo, empowerment, shared knowledge, and participation in the course. Results show that collaborative work practices organized by teachers in that virtual learning community encourage educational changes. Both the degree of satisfaction with the learning achieved and the way students perceive its direct applicability to real-life professional contexts prove the effectiveness of this training model. Our research has expanded, aiming to discover sMOOCs opportunities for teacher training and assessing the motivation shown by the virtual learning community towards such an educational reality.