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XXI century companies must adapt their business models to run on the internet. At present the transactions made on the WWW are countless ideas of commercial applications on it seem endless. This paper describes the concepts related to the terminology used in e-commerce, cryptosystems that are used to protect information, new attacks on cryptosystems and the main strategies to give users confidence and trust on transactions for buying and selling, which are the problems to be solved by information technology. This study concludes with recommendations related to creating new philosophies to online businesses, involving government policies and security, in order to pass the physical trading of e-Business with complete confidence by the end customer.

This work is part of the study carried out in the central zone of Ecuador, formed by the provinces of Tungurahua, Pastaza, Chimborazo, Bolivar and Cotopaxi, where people with blindness and their labor situation were initially detected, taking into account Ecuadorian legislation and the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador in Art. 330 mentions that people with disabilities are guaranteed insertion and accessibility in equal conditions, guaranteeing paid work. Supported by this legislation, an Accessible Web Portal has been designed to support the group of people with total blindness, thus facilitating their labor insertion in the productive sectors. Our research aimed to categorize the skills and abilities of people who are blind. The methodology consists of two stages: The first was constituted by the identification of skills and abilities, while the second stage was the creation of a portal with accessibility patterns designed through HTML and CSS where the personal data of individuals with blindness are shown, that is to say, to make the job profiles visible to all employers. It is concluded that the use of the accessible web portal generates dynamics in the process of labor insertion, highlighting that blind people can access the portal without problems, finally the accessible portal must be considered a means of common use for people who need to be employed and are visually impaired.

The present work fulfills the objective of providing a tool of computer technology to the service of the personal health, an optimized diet in function of costs and quantities by rations that must be consumed to fulfill the diet in a high performance sportsman, caloric requirements in function of the type of physical activity. The method used consisted of taking a sample of athletes who maintain a regular training regime of four hours a day; the results include the application of the Linear Programming Model of Operations Research, which is a mathematical matrix model of deterministic type for the optimization of resources at minimum cost, with maximum utility. This model was applied to the formulation of mix or optimization of the nutritional diet for athletes, generating an optimal nutritional formulation that meets the technical specifications and minimum, maximum or fixed nutritional requirements (restrictions = rows). These nutritional requirements must be compared or met from the mixture or combination of a certain number of available food ingredients or inputs (decision variables = columns) that in turn possess or contribute to the mixture formula with their respective technical characteristics, contents and nutritional inputs. This matrix structuring of the model and its corresponding processing using the so-called Simplex Method, allows to obtain an optimal nutritional diet for athletes, taking also as a sample, the formulation of the optimal diet for breakfast, by virtue of the multiple possibilities of daily formulation for the athlete. Subsequently, the results are obtained and displayed through the link with a software and Linear Programming application used for the optimization of the diet, using online tools that give reliable results, which in turn are analyzed and validated prior to implementation.

The design of educational activities in immersive virtual environments is one of the emerging perspectives in the field of practice and research within e-learning. Giving the fact that, the interaction capacity in these immersive environments provides a social and educational dimension similar to the ones involved in face-to-face education. It could be determined that, it motivates, it stimulates, and it improves the e-learning educational model. The present article describes the development of reading and writing skills that can be achieved by using the didactic strategy SAPIE didactic which fuses the use of immersive virtual world (IVW) and the global model for the teaching of reading and writing. The IVW provides an accumulation of playful activities, focused on the adoption of characters and the role play. All these actions substantially promote the learning of literacy in children from 4 to 6 years of age. The present work is part of an experimental field research, involving 12 teachers, 58 children and 58 parents belonging to Centro de Desarrollo Infantil Gregorio Cordero of the city of Azogues in Ecuador. The children and the parents were divided into a control group and an experimental group. The diagnostic information inherent to this work was obtained with the application of a survey directed to teachers, which includes 10 questions; the application of the ABC Test of Lorenzo Filho to children and a survey with 8 items addressed to parents. Preliminary results show that 91.67% of teachers are unaware of teaching strategies to develop literacy, supported by the use of technology. Thus, based on that data the didactic strategy called SAPIE was designed. By analyzing the results through a pre and posttest to both groups while applying the statistical analysis t test for independent samples, a representative increase in the reading and writing skills acquired by the children in a short time was evidenced.

This research fulfills the objective of using a trend considered Emerging Technology called Augmented Reality (AR) to measure the perception of learning of students in Nursing School of the Technical University of Ambato, in the subject of Anatomy and to use it in the area of the skeletal system. The population of this study was 70 students from third to fifth semester with the use of a Booklet with RA and mobile devices, which was subsequently assessed according to the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The results found showed high fullfillment in the use of educational texts with RA, for the interactive contents that aroused the interest and motivation in the subject, furthermore there was an improvement in the learning process. Finally, it was also possible to reach the conclusion that the use of RA in education raises the students’ perception, decreases learning time in the subject viewed, which leads to look at other areas in a future work that contributes to university education.

This paper reveals an analysis of the Body Mass Index to determine the body composition and basal metabolic rate of the administrative staff at Universidad Tecnica de Ambato through the creation of a mobile application called “eHealth-UTA”. This app was designed to establish the corporal condition of the study subjects. The automation of the system allowed taking real data and calculating the corporal condition according to the table established by the World Health Organization, while for basal metabolism, the formula established by Harris-Benedict was applied to suggest the daily caloric consumption based on a sedentary lifestyle that is the result of eight hours of work activities in public attention. For this purpose, this study analized a population of 99 people, from which 48 are female and 51 are male. The results obtained show that males studied have a higher rate of being overweight or obesity which is 49%, while for females it was 17%. The experiments demonstrated that technologically supported differentiated programs for integral health are necesary.

Currently, gamification has achieved to improve the commitment, performance and the motivation of users by carrying the development of a specific task that uses and incorporates gaming and interactivity elements which allow that each of tasks to be more attractive. This is how gamification has been able to be applied inside of software engineering with the goal of increasing better results and the commitment of software developers. This is how gamification has been calling the attention in all academic fields as well as professional ones. It also has turned into a partially contradictory concept as it by itself faces a division in their underdeveloped theoretical foundations, academic value and delimited directives that are standardized for their independent application of their environment. The technology has been seen reflected in the actions that the human being develops by creating a system of social, cultural, and labor interrelations; therefore, education as a social event searches for the integral formation of the human beings, especially vulnerable groups such as incarcerated individuals who have been cast away from society for breaking some law or rule by means of been convicted to correctional facilities. They are relegated from activities useful to improve their life project and to be reinserted into society. In this paper we feature the development of a piece of multimedia didactic material for digital literacy, which is focused on the Ambato-Ecuador case study incarcerated individuals who mostly opt to take traditional workshops that are sometimes taken as distractors and not as endeavors for their reinsertion in the workforce. The research is based on an experimental methodology applied to a random sample to whom a pre-test was applied, and after the experiment insertion a post-test which is meant to identify the progress attained with the introduction of this didactic material through gamification techniques.

This research was developed considering the relationship that exists between the style of students learning evaluation and its influence on the development of collaborative learning. Nowadays education seeks to focus on collaborative processes, because they provide the student with the possibility of a holistic process. The proposed hypothesis suggests that quantitative and qualitative evaluation influences collaborative learning. The research was carried out in two periods: in 2014 at the Marques de Selva Alegre School and in 2017 in the Manuela Espejo School. The methodology was applied to a population of 220 individuals, consisting of a survey for teachers and students with continuous items validated using Cronbach’s Alpha. The objective was to demonstrate how the teacher’s evaluation methods condition the type of work of the students, being this individual or collaborative. It was determined that the evaluation in the educational process must contain quantitative and qualitative elements, because it allows the execution of a cooperative work and generates meaningful learning; while maintaining an evaluation model focused only on quantitative instruments induces an individual practice and promotes rote learning.

Concepts and technologies that have made it possible for devices to interconnect to real-world objects, have existed for some time. The Internet of things can be defined as a pervasive and ubiquitous network that allows the monitoring and control of the physical environment by collecting, processing and analyzing data generated by sensors or smart objects. As the number of devices connect to the Internet increases, it is necessary to provide a safe and reliable operation of such devices. This paper emphasizes the use of cryptographic algorithms that can be implemented in devices that can connect to the internet of things, in order to provide security for the transmission of information on the vast network of sensors, a network that is increasing in size and number. This paper describes the problem of security on networked devices and describes the main algorithms and processes that provide security to this technology. It is concluded that since the devices that form the Internet of things have little memory and processing, it is necessary to apply algorithms that use the least amount of bits, with encryption algorithms that are based on elliptic curves. The advancement of technologies and algorithms that provide security should be considered, because every day we are more dependent on the internet of things.

3D printing is a production process that has existed for three decades but its massive appearance is more recent. RepRap is a project created with the goal that more people have access to a open source low cost 3D printer. This research has been conducted based on knowledge shared by this community following their guidelines in order to take a step forward in the development of technology and cooperate with their spreading. The research has developed a prototype with a more flexible control system that allows the user a real-time control and video monitoring of the 3D printer processes through a browser from anywhere in the LAN, the control system is deployed in a reduced size computer called Raspberry Pi which could replace a PC, this control is done by implementing a print server installed on a credit card-sized single-board computer called Raspberry Pi which replace a PC and is integrated in the printer case with all the benefits generated such as the mobility an independency from other.

MOOCs are increasingly being used around the world by large numbers of educational institutions. While some people believe that MOOCs are only a transformation of existing technologies, much research has been conducted in the field, and evidence has emerged that supports the notion that this new type of course is here to stay. Elite universities around the world have been conducting programs that include MOOCs in different formats and variations. Among these, Language MOOCs are relatively newcomers, and new studies are being carried out around the world, especially in the last couple of years, to make sense of the debate that goes around the pedagogical value of MOOCs in general and Language MOOCs in particular. Due to the immense number of participants per MOOC, Language MOOCs have the potential to enhance the learning of a second language. This article presents a proposal for the implementation of what we call Blended Language MOOCs, based on the Canvas MOOC framework, as a strategy that can be implemented in Higher Education Institutions around the world.

BACKGROUND Enzalutamide (formerly MDV3100 and available commercially as Xtandi®), a novel androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitor, blocks the growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in cellular model systems and was shown in a clinical study to increase survival in patients with metastatic CRPC. Enzalutamide inhibits multiple steps of AR signaling: binding of androgens to AR, AR nuclear translocation, and association of AR with DNA. Here, we investigate the effects of enzalutamide on AR signaling, AR-dependent gene expression and cell apoptosis. METHODS The expression of AR target gene prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was measured in LnCaP and C4-2 cells. AR nuclear translocation was assessed in HEK-293 cells stably transfected with AR-yellow fluorescent protein. The in vivo effects of enzalutamide were determined in a mouse xenograft model of CRPC. Differential gene expression in LNCaP cells was measured using Affymetrix human genome microarray technology. RESULTS We found that unlike bicalutamide, enzalutamide lacked AR agonistic activity at effective doses and did not induce PSA expression or AR nuclear translocation. Additionally, it is more effective than bicalutamide at inhibiting agonist-induced AR nuclear translocation. Enzalutamide induced the regression of tumor volume in a CRPC xenograft model and apoptosis in AR-over-expressing prostate cancer cells. Finally, gene expression profiling in LNCaP cells indicated that enzalutamide opposes agonist-induced changes in genes involved in processes such as cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that enzalutamide efficiently inhibits AR signaling, and we suggest that its lack of AR agonist activity may be important for these effects. Prostate 73:1291–1305, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This paper proposes a methodology for the application of prediction algorithms for the development of diseases in crops using data mining techniques, which incorporate validation mechanisms based on data analysis requirements including verification of the method of selection and presentation of the results, as well as mechanisms of validation of the results based on metrics of quality of the information, which guarantee the effectiveness in the construction of the knowledge. The conditions for the establishment and proliferation of diseases are used as a case study in the analysis and contrasted with the favorable meteorological conditions for the different diseases, using methods that allow the collection of data for the prognosis of the disease. The models relate indicators of occurrence with meteorological data collected from the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology located in Querochaca Experimental Farm of the Technical University of Ambato whose geographical coordinates are: Latitude: −1.353543; Longitude: −78.617175. The data analysis techniques used were able to predict crop diseases in 78.80% with the J48 algorithm and 79.18% with the Logistic Regression algorithm based on data collected and analyzed from the meteorological station of the year 2015–2016, allowing the iterative search of correlations of consecutive day records, agro-climatic variables and biological variables. Our study is an initial proposal taking as parameters the temperature and humidity from previous works that qualify this line of research.

This study aims to identify early cognitive impairment by enabling the fast use of therapies; both can achieve improvements in life´s quality and prevent the progress of the disease. This research proposes a methodology based on the hypothesis that there is dissociation between semantic expression in orality and text, and between the associated physical expressions, facial gestures or emotions transmitted in a person’s tone of voice, dissociation that could be a possible indicator of cognitive impairment. Experiments were carried out with phrases, analyzing the semantics of the message and the tone of voice of patients through unstructured interviews to healthy people and patients with early Alzheimer's stage. The results showed this dissociation in cognitive impairment was effective, which arises from forming patterns of inconsistency between the analyzed elements. Although the results of this study are revealing, we believe that further testing is necessary to legitimatize the dissociation, treating it as a probable indicator. The conclusions and further works will allow us to continue this line of research in the future.

Technological classrooms are pedagogical tools focus students' learning on specific topics without being heavily reliant upon TICs. Our purpose in this paper is to apply an interactive classroom methodology that allows the use of social networks, as well as cell phone software technology. The aim is to make technology tools into pedagogical ones which improve the teaching- learning process. The methodology was applied at master's level classrooms. There is interaction, improvement and an increase in knowledge about the topic that is being studied using this technique. Both connectivity and learning strategies can be used to obtain a better performance of the students and ensure full use of the class. This study is a contribution to the first test of combining technology in a multimodal classroom. It is a proposal that is currently under evaluation. However, conclusions and future works show that pedagogical technology when applied correctly in a classroom can work effectively.

While enzalutamide and abiraterone are approved for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), approximately 20-40% of patients have no response to these agents. It has been stipulated that the lack of response and the development of secondary resistance to these drugs may be due to the presence of AR splice variants. HDAC6 has a role in regulating the androgen receptor (AR) by modulating heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) acetylation, which controls the nuclear localization and activation of the AR in androgen-dependent and independent scenarios. With dual-acting AR-HDAC6 inhibitors it should be possible to target patients who don't respond to enzalutamide. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of dual-acting compounds which target AR and are also specific towards HDAC6. Our efforts led to compound 10 which was found to have potent dual activity (HDAC6 IC50=0.0356μM and AR binding IC50=

Temozolomide is a chemotherapeutic agent that is used in the treatment of glioblastoma and other malignant gliomas. It acts through DNA alkylation, but treatment is limited by its systemic toxicity and neutralization of DNA alkylation by upregulation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene. Both of these limiting factors can be addressed by achieving higher concentrations of TMZ in the brain. Our research has led to the discovery of new analogs of temozolomide with improved brain:plasma ratios when dosed in vivo in rats. These compounds are imidazotetrazine analogs, expected to act through the same mechanism as temozolomide. With reduced systemic exposure, these new agents have the potential to improve efficacy and therapeutic index in the treatment of glioblastoma.

The identification of academic attributes that allow improving student achievement is of fundamental importance in the teaching learning process. In the current study we present a methodology to recognize the attributes of educational success based Pareto distribution and data mining algorithms that authorize the identification of which attributes most important to child's educational performance. Our results showed the direct theoretical and numerical relationship between academic indicators and the proper selection of the milestones in the learning. Conclusions and future work will be generated from our working the same as is in the process of development.

Multi-sensory monitoring has developed significantly over the last decade. The main reason for this is because of two basic, social needs: security and health. Without doubt, there is a growing social need for security, for detecting dangerous situations, and criminal behavior detection (surveillance). We propose design a semantic framework to representing the human behavior in surveillance context. The principal goal, is have an easy semantic tool that allowing for knowledge engineers get semantic representations case study easy to analyze and reuse. We show examples of how easily and reuse is possible, however we are working on improving our framework, in order to make it much more manageable for the semantic use. Conclusions and future work of our research were generated to visualize what the new tools to be developed.

Emotion analysis is a key variable in textual analysis, namely that which focuses on detecting, separating or extracting information related to human attitudes and feelings-such as opinions or value judgments. This research paper aims to identify through a combination of techniques the human feelings and emotions of university students when selecting suitable (Open) Educational Resources in a Systems Engineering degree course. Although this research is only currently in its developmental stage, it provides some conclusions about the state of the art as well as details of future works that will be carried out in the field of emotion analysis in an online environment.

Introduction The androgen receptor (AR) is widely expressed in breast cancers and has been proposed as a therapeutic target in estrogen receptor alpha (ER) negative breast cancers that retain AR. However, controversy exists regarding the role of AR, particularly in ER + tumors. Enzalutamide, an AR inhibitor that impairs nuclear localization of AR, was used to elucidate the role of AR in preclinical models of ER positive and negative breast cancer. Methods We examined nuclear AR to ER protein ratios in primary breast cancers in relation to response to endocrine therapy. The effects of AR inhibition with enzalutamide were examined in vitro and in preclinical models of ER positive and negative breast cancer that express AR. Results In a cohort of 192 women with ER + breast cancers, a high ratio of AR:ER (≥2.0) indicated an over four fold increased risk for failure while on tamoxifen (HR = 4.43). The AR:ER ratio had an independent effect on risk for failure above ER % staining alone. AR:ER ratio is also an independent predictor of disease-free survival (HR = 4.04, 95% CI: 1.68, 9.69; p = 0.002) and disease specific survival (HR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.11, 6.86; p = 0.03). Both enzalutamide and bicalutamide inhibited 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-mediated proliferation of breast cancer lines in vitro; however, enzalutamide uniquely inhibited estradiol (E2)-mediated proliferation of ER+/AR + breast cancer cells. In MCF7 xenografts (ER+/AR+) enzalutamide inhibited E2-driven tumor growth as effectively as tamoxifen by decreasing proliferation. Enzalutamide also inhibited DHT- driven tumor growth in both ER positive (MCF7) and negative (MDA-MB-453) xenografts, but did so by increasing apoptosis. Conclusions AR to ER ratio may influence breast cancer response to traditional endocrine therapy. Enzalutamide elicits different effects on E2-mediated breast cancer cell proliferation than bicalutamide. This preclinical study supports the initiation of clinical studies evaluating enzalutamide for treatment of AR+ tumors regardless of ER status, since it blocks both androgen- and estrogen- mediated tumor growth.

3072 Background: MDV3100, a new androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitor, has demonstrated therapeutic effects in men with post-docetaxel prostate cancer (AFFIRM). AR is also expressed in the majority of breast cancers. Molecular profiling of estrogen receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer classifies this disease into basal and molecular apocrine subtypes. Apocrine breast cancer represents ~50% of ER- tumors and is characterized by a steroid response gene signature that includes AR expression. Here we report the effects of MDV3100 on the growth of the ER-/AR+ breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-453 in tissue culture and in an in vivo xenograft mouse model. Methods: MDA-MB-453 cells were maintained in 5% complete or 5% charcoal-stripped serum supplemented with dihydrotestosterone (CSS-DHT). The DHT induced nuclear translocation of AR was determined by subcellular fractionation followed by western blot. AR target gene expression was measured by qPCR. To generate a mouse xenograft model, 5-6 wk old female NOD-SCID-IL2Rgc–/– mice were injected ortotopically with 6x106 MDA-MB-453 cells into the fourth inguinal gland and were administered exogenous DHT (12.5 mg in a 60 day release pellet) or control pellets. When tumor size reached 100 mm3, mice were treated with 10 mg/kg/day MDV3100 or vehicle (0.5% methocel solution) by oral gavage for 33 days. Results: Viability of MDA-MB-453 cells treated with 10 uM MDV3100 was reduced by 10% after 3 days and 27% after 6 days. Treatment with 25 uM MDV3100 reduced cell viability by 27% after 3 days and 36% after 6 days. Similar results were obtained when cells maintained in CSS-DHT were treated with MDV3100. Treatment with MDV3100 blocked DHT-induced nuclear translocation and concordantly reduced the expression of AR-targets fatty acid synthase, prolactin receptor, and gross cystic disease protein-15. In the xenograft model, MDV3100 inhibited tumor growth by 78% as compared to tumors treated with vehicle. Conclusions: MDV3100 reduced cell proliferation in apocrine cell lines. MDV3100 also suppressed exogenous DHT-induced growth of ER-/AR+ tumors in vivo. These results support the evaluation of MDV3100 as a treatment for apocrine tumors.

Prostate tumors initially respond to androgen deprivation therapy but eventually progress despite low serum levels of testosterone. In this stage, known as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), abnormal androgen receptor (AR) signaling persists and classic anti-androgens such as bicalutamide are ineffective at controlling tumor growth. The novel AR signaling inhibitor MDV3100 has been demonstrated to inhibit AR signaling in preclinical models of CRPC. Here, we investigate further the cellular effects of MDV3100 treatment on AR signaling in in vitro models and in vivo xenograft models of CRPC. Our experiments reveal that MDV3100 (> 100 nM) inhibits dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induced AR-target gene expression in LNCaP cells and LNCaP/AR cells, a CRPC cell culture model in which AR is over-expressed. Inhibition of Prostate-Specific Antigen mRNA expression by MDV3100 was effective at concentrations 10-fold lower than with bicalutamide. As evidenced in other studies and in contrast to bicalutamide, MDV3100 did not display agonistic effects on AR signaling at 10 μM. In contrast to bicalutamide, MDV3100 (> 1 μM) inhibited androgen dependent nuclear translocation of AR, as measured with a quantitative optical based enzyme fragment complementation assay and AR-YFP localization in HEK-293 cells. Furthermore, in the presence of DHT, MDV3100 effectively reduced cell viability of LNCaP cells at concentrations as low as 0.1 μM, 10-fold lower than bicalutamide. MDV3100 also decreased cell viability of LNCaP/AR and W741C-LNcaP cells. We found that the apoptosis marker cleaved-caspase 3 was induced in LNCaP/AR cells treated with 1 M MDV3100 for 48 hours. Under these conditions, MDV3100 was more potent than bicalutamide in decreasing cell viability. Finally, we show that MDV3100 inhibited tumor growth and induced regression of tumor volume in a xenograft model of CRPC generated with LNCaP/AR cells. These results demonstrate that MDV3100, unlike anti-androgens, is effective in both in vitro and in vivo models of CRPC and that its mechanistic advantages over other anti-androgens could be explained by its ability to inhibit AR nuclear translocation and induce cell death. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A76.