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The study focuses on SMEs X, a producer of various processed fruit products, primarily apple chips. The business experienced a 90% decline in revenue due to an 8-month market closure during the Covid-19 pandemic, with ongoing challenges such as reduced revenue and production capacity post-pandemic. This study aims to identify business models in SMEs using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) approach, develop alternative business strategies through SOAR analysis of BMC elements, prioritize these strategies using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, and enhance their BMC. Four expert respondents participated in the study. The research results highlight the current business conditions across the 9 BMC elements. The SOAR matrix produced eight alternative strategies, prioritized using the AHP method, including optimal production planning and scheduling (OR2), strengthening apple chips brand awareness (OA2), disseminating freeze-drying production technology innovations (OA1), developing business unit production (SA2), expanding the marketplace (SA1), maximizing the use of social media (OR1), product quality standardization (SR1), and forming partnerships with other fruit chip SMEs to innovate freeze-dried products (SR2). The BMC was further developed by integrating SR2 and OA1 into the key partnerships element, SA2 into the key resources element, OA2, OR1, and OA2 into the key activities element, SR1 into the value proposition element, and SA1 into the channel element.

Background: Chronic pruritus (CP) is a poorly characterized condition associated with intense pruritus without a primary skin eruption. This condition tends to emerge more commonly in older adults, and there is limited research on triggering factors. Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and pathophysiology of CP following exposure to an immune stimulus. Methods: Clinical characteristics and plasma samples were collected from 15 patients who developed CP following an immune stimulus such as checkpoint inhibitors or vaccination. A multiplex panel was used to analyze plasma cytokine concentrations within these patients. Results: Most immunotherapy-treated patients experienced CP during treatment or after 21 to 60 days of receiving treatment, while vaccine-stimulated patients developed pruritus within a week of vaccination. Plasma cytokine analysis revealed elevated levels of 12 cytokines in patients with immune-stimulated CP compared to healthy controls. Notably, T helper 2 (Th2) related cytokines interleukin (IL)-5 (fold change 2.65; q

ABSTRACT This research focused on the fermentation of coffee beans using commercial yeast containing S. cerevisiae with variations in fermentation duration (5, 10, and 15 hours) and yeast concentration (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%). The research aimed to understand how fermentation duration and yeast concentration affect the physical, aroma, and sensory characteristics of Robusta Arjuno coffee. The research employed a Randomized Block Factorial Design (RBFD) and ANOVA. The analysis results indicated that the coffee bean samples met SNI standards, including ash content, ash alkalinity, and coffee extract. The fermentation duration, yeast concentration, and interaction had no significant impact on attributes such as aroma, taste, aftertaste, acidity, body, balance, sweetness, uniformity, and overall quality. However, fermentation duration did affect the "clean cup" factor. Robusta Arjuno coffee with 3% yeast addition and a fermentation duration of 10 hours received the highest score (85.52), indicating the best quality in the cupping test. Keywords: Coffee, Fermentation Robusta, Yeast

ABSTRAK Produk teh dapat dibuat dari bahan non teh seperti daun jambu air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mempelajari sifat kimia teh daun jambu biji delima melalui perlakuan non-oksidasi dan oksidasi enzimatik menggunakan berbagai teknik pengeringan seperti pengering kabinet, oven, dan sangrai. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian iniyaitu desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah metode pengeringan dengan Pengering kabinet, oven dan Sangrai dengan kwali dari tanah. Faktor kedua adalah dengan oksidasi enzimatis dan non-oksidasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan non-oksidasi enzimatis dengan metode pengering oven memberikan pengaruh hasil tertinggi teh daun jambu air delima pada sifat kimia meliputi kadar abu (5.70%), pH (4.61). Selanjutnya, perlakuan non-oksidasi enzimatis dengan metode pengering pengering kabinetmemberikan hasil tertinggi teh daun jambu air delima pada sifat dan kimia meliputi kadar air (10.44%), kadar tannin (13.74%), dan total fenol (186.97 mg GAE/gr). Kata kunci: Pengering kabinet, Karakteristik, Metode pengeringan, Oksidasi, Teh daun jambu air. ABSTRACT Tea products are not only made from tea leaves, but can also be made from non-tea leaves, one of which is from water guava leaves. The objectiveof this study was to determine the chemical characteristics of water guava leaf tea with non-oxidation and enzymatic oxidation treatments using different drying methods (pengering kabinet, oven, and roast). The experimental design used in this study was a Factorial Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with 2 factors.The first factor is dryingmethodwith pengering kabinet, oven and roasting with kwali from the ground. The second factor is enzymatic oxidation and non-oxidationtreatment. The results showed that the enzymatic non-oxidation treatment using the oven drying method hasthe highest yield of guava leaf tea on chemical properties including ash content, pH. Furthermore, the enzymatic non-oxidation treatment using the pengering kabinetmethod also hasthe highest yield of guava leaf tea on properties and chemistry including water content, tannin content, and total phenols. Keywords: Pengering kabinet, Drying Method, Oxidation, Characteristic, Water Guava Leaf Tea.

Abstract Chronic pruritus of unknown origin (CPUO) is characterized by chronic itch for 6 weeks or greater without an identifiable primary cause. Studies are needed to investigate circulating blood biomarkers to elucidate disease pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in circulating blood metabolites in CPUO patients and to identify potential therapeutic targets. Our cross-sectional study collected plasma from 11 CPUO patients and 11 matched control patients for mass-spectrometry based metabolite data analysis. 15 metabolites differed significantly in the blood of CPUO patients compared to controls, including nine amino acids (isoleucine, L-tyrosine, threonine, DL-tryptophan, L-valine, methionine, glycine, lysine, and L-phenylalanine), four amino acid derivatives (creatinine, DL-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, and indole-3-acrylic acid), and two aromatic and fatty acid derivatives (2-hydroxycinnamic acid and oleamide). These metabolites were also correlated with itch severity. Metabolic set enrichment analysis (MSEA) identified downregulation of several pathways in CPUO: phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan biosynthesis; catecholamine biosynthesis; and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. Our study identified decreases in several circulating plasma metabolites in CPUO patients and downregulation of pathways related to catecholamine biosynthesis and tryptophan biosynthesis, providing insight into the pathogenesis of CPUO.

Microalgae has been an under-researched food ingredient that is high in protein. In Indonesian context, research on consumer's willingness to try microalgae as a food ingredient should be performed. This research was performed to examine the factors influencing consumers' willingness to try microalgae. Data were collected from 535 respondents using a structured questionnaire distributed via Google Form on social media which were then analyzed using Structural Equation Models-Partial Least Square, with initial tests of internal consistency and reliability of questionnaire items carried out using the Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis. The results showed that consumer willingness to try microalgae-based food was positively and significantly influenced by consumer lifestyles towards food and consumer behavior (knowledge, attitudes, involvement and subjective norms). This finding indicates that there is a fairly broad opportunity to develop microalgae as a food ingredient in Indonesia. The government is encouraged to support the promotion of microalgae as health food. Positive support from the government is expected to drive marine farmers, entrepreneurs, food processing industries, cultivators, distributors and food retailers to further enhance the microalgae businesses.

Abstract Background Breast cancer survivors are disproportionately at risk for cardiovascular disease; exercise-based interventions may improve cardiovascular health. The objective of this formative research is to better understand the needs of patients and barriers to participation in an adapted cardiac rehabilitation program for diverse breast cancer survivors in an urban safety net setting. Methods We recruited 30 participants (10 English-speaking, 10 Spanish-speaking, and 10 Cantonese-speaking) who had received treatment with curative intent for breast cancer from an urban safety net hospital between November 9, 2021, to August 30, 2022. Participants completed surveys and interviews about perspectives on health behaviors and participating in an adapted cardiac rehabilitation program. Interviews were qualitatively analyzed using rapid template analysis with pre-selected constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, as well as emergent codes. We developed a Participant User Journey for a program based on responses and conducted human-centered design sessions with 8 participants to iteratively revise the Participant User Journey. Results Among 30 participants, mean age was 56.7 years (standard deviation [SD] 10.2) with 100% female sex assigned at birth; 1 participant withdrew before completing study procedures. Most participants had limited health literacy (18/29, 62%). Mean body mass index was 31.4 (SD 8.3), 21/29 (72%) had blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg, and 12/29 (41%) had blood pressure below 130/80. Mean 6-minute walk distance was 384.9 meters (SD 78.3). The desired benefits of a program included healthy living and prevention of cancer recurrence. Barriers to participation included motivation, social support, transportation, and concerns about exercise safety. Participants emphasized the need for practicality, such as fitting physical activity into daily life and nutrition support, including recipes and shopping lists. Trusted experts and cultural and language concordance were viewed as important aspects of the program. Conclusions Through participant interviews and human-centered design sessions, we developed the HEART-ACT program, a 12-week multi-disciplinary program addressing physical activity, nutrition, emotional well-being, cardiovascular risk, survivorship, and other components if indicated (e.g., tobacco cessation). Future research will test the effects of this program on patient-centered outcomes.

ABSTRACT Wine coffee is fermented coffee cherries with a wine-like flavor and aroma. The purpose of this study was to isolate, characterize ethanol-tolerant and thermotolerant yeast from Semeru Arabica wine coffee cherries and to determine the molecular identification of the selected yeast. In this study, the Semeru Arabica coffee cherries were fermented for 30 days.Yeast isolation was performed on samples collected each week during fermentation. The selected isolates were characterized for macroscopic and microscopic morphology, followed by ethanol and temperature tolerance analysis. The isolate with the most desirable characteristics, designated CW30, grew well at 30ºC but was sensitive to temperatures above 35ºC. The isolate grew well in media containing 5% ethanol but was sensitive to a 10% ethanol concentration. Based on nucleotide sequence analysis, CW30 exhibited 100% similarity with Candida ethanolica isolate 3-1-19. Keywords: Fermented coffee, Semeru Arabica, Wine coffee, Yeast isolation

Abstract Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is associated with variability in peripheral blood eosinophil levels and response to T-helper 2 targeted therapies (Th2). Our objective was to determine whether circulating immune profiles with respect to type 2 inflammation differ by race and peripheral blood eosinophil count. Plasma from 56 PN patients and 13 matched healthy controls was assayed for 54 inflammatory biomarkers. We compared biomarker levels between PN and HCs, among PN patients based on absolute eosinophil count, and across racial groups in PN. Eleven biomarkers were elevated in PN versus HCs including interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23p40, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22). Additionally, PN patients with AEC > 0.3 K cells/μL had higher Th2 markers (eotaxin, eotaxin-3, TSLP, MCP-4/CCL13), and African American PN patients had lower eosinophils, eotaxin, and eotaxin-3 versus Caucasian and Asian PN patients (p 0.3 K and Asian and Caucasian races are associated with Th2 skewed circulating immune profiles and response to Th2 targeted therapies.

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to identify the best fermentation period and roasting temperature for semeru arabica wine coffee. This study used the factorial RSBD research approach (three levels of roasting temperature and four levels of fermentation duration). Physicochemical and organoleptic data were analyzed using ANOVA 5%, LSD 5%, and HSD 5%. Then, the best treatment's ash alkalinity, coffee juice content, and caffeine level were assessed. According to the study, the fermentation period has impact on the moisture level of green beans, the moisture and ash content of roasted beans, acidity, body, and balance. The water and ash content of roasted beans, aroma, flavor, acidity, aftertaste, body, balance, and overall attribute, are influenced by the roasting temperature. Then the interaction between factors significantly affects the water content of roasted beans, flavor, acidity, and body. The best treatment achieved a total score of 81.83 (40 days, 200 °C). Keywords: Coffee characteristics, Fermentation, Roasting, Wine coffee

ABSTRACT The current trend in coffee product diversification is wine coffee, which has a wine-like flavor and aroma. Reviews of wine coffee are still limited, especially those related to microbial succession during the fermentation process. The objective of this research was analyzing the microbial population and the effect of microbial succession during fermentation process of Arabica Semeru coffee. The analysis was conducted by identifying microbes microscopically and macroscopically. The results of microbial identification during the 30-day fermentation showed populations of yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and acetic acid bacteria. Along with the length of fermentation time, the temperature decreased and the pH fluctuated and stabilized after 16 days of fermentation. There was an increase in sugar and protein content, from 0.61% to 2.87% and 2.13% to 2.23%, respectively. The ethanol content reached 0.047% at the end of fermentation. The microbial exploration was required for further investigation in understanding its role during fermentation process. Keywords: Arabica Semeru, Bacteria, Fermentation, Succession, Wine coffee, Yeast

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and results of the best treatment of the factors of fermentation time and roasting temperature, and to determine the physical and chemical quality characteristics of the resulting Robusta Tirtoyudo wine coffee. The experimental design used is Factorial Randomized Group Design and data will be analyzed with ANOVA. The results showed that fermentation time and roasting temperature had a significant effect on fragrance, flavor, acidity, body, and overall attributes. Fermentation time also affects the aftertaste, while the interaction between the two treatment factors significantly affects flavor, body, and overall. Roasted beans had a normal aroma, taste, and color, moisture content below 7%, and ash content below 5%. The best wine coffee was obtained from a 30 days fermentation - medium roast (150˚C), which had an ash alkalinity 62.16 ml NaOH/100g, coffee extract 12.61%, caffeine 4.23% and cupping score 83.30 (specialty).

Perovskite photovoltaics have an immense contribution toward the all-round development of the solar cell. Apart from the flexibility, stability, and high efficiency, more stress has been given to using lead-free as well as eco-friendly, inexpensive materials in the fabrication of PSC devices. The utilization of non-volatile material, such as cesium tin iodide (CsSnI3), can be proposed for designing the PSC device, which not only makes it eco-friendly but also offers better optoelectronic characteristics due to its smaller bandgap of 1.27 eV. The inclusion of Sn in the perovskite material also functions as an increment in the stability of the perovskite. In the present simulation, CsSnI3 is used as an active absorber layer while the ZnMgO is used as an ETL for a cost-effective nature. Similarly, graphene oxide (GO) is used as HTL for a superior collection of holes. The comprehensive numerical modeling of the ZnMgO can be utilized in solar cell designing with appropriate CsSnI3 thickness, working temperature, total defectivity, and resistance impact, respectively. The presently simulated device offers an excellent efficiency of 17.37 % with CsSnI3-based PSC. These results of the study also show an effective route to develop highly efficient lead-free PSC devices.

Abstract Background Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (cAVM) are a significant cause of intracranial hemorrhagic stroke and brain damage. The arteriovenous junctions in AVM nidus are known to have hemodynamic disturbances such as altered shear stress, which could lead to endothelial dysfunction. The molecular mechanisms coupling shear stress and endothelial dysfunction in cAVMs are poorly understood. We speculated that disturbed blood flow in artery–vein junctions activates Notch receptors and promotes endothelial mesenchymal plasticity during cAVM formation. Methods We investigated the expression profile of endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and cell adhesion markers, as well as activated Notch receptors, in 18 human cAVM samples and 15 control brain tissues, by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical evaluation. Employing a combination of a microfluidic system, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, as well as invasion and inhibitor assays, the effects of various shear stress conditions on Notch-induced EndMT and invasive potential of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/d3) were analyzed. Results We found evidence for EndMT and enhanced expression of activated Notch intracellular domain (NICD3 and NICD4) in human AVM nidus samples. The expression of transmembrane adhesion receptor integrin α9/β1 is significantly reduced in cAVM nidal vessels. Cell–cell adhesion proteins such as VE-cadherin and N-cadherin were differentially expressed in AVM nidus compared with control brain tissues. Using well-characterized hCMECs, we show that altered fluid shear stress steers Notch3 nuclear translocation and promotes SNAI1/2 expression and nuclear localization. Oscillatory flow downregulates integrin α9/β1 and VE-cadherin expression, while N-cadherin expression and endothelial cell invasiveness are augmented. Gamma-secretase inhibitor RO4929097, and to a lesser level DAPT, prevent the mesenchymal transition and invasiveness of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells exposed to oscillatory fluid flow. Conclusions Our study provides, for the first time, evidence for the role of oscillatory shear stress in mediating the EndMT process and dysregulated expression of cell adhesion molecules, especially multifunctional integrin α9/β1 in human cAVM nidus. Concomitantly, our findings indicate the potential use of small-molecular inhibitors such as RO4929097 in the less-invasive therapeutic management of cAVMs. Graphical Abstract

Diarrhea cases in Indonesia were 270/1000 population or 7,265,013 cases occurred at all ages with a mortality rate (CFR) of 4.76% in 2018. Treatment of diarrhea can be done by giving antibiotics such as Cefotaxime, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Ampicillin, Metronidazole, Co-trioxide, Ceftriaxone, and Erythromycin. However, inappropriate use of antibiotics can lead to bacterial resistance. Turmeric is a medicinal plant that contains curcumin and essential oils that can inhibit the growth of bacteria. There are 24 essential oils in turmeric, which are dominated by turmerone (35.16%), ar-turmerone (25.20%), curlon (18.21%), and ar-curcumin (3.74%). Turmeric water obtained through juice has the potential as an antibacterial agent. This study is a pure experiment using a post-test-only control group design by examining the effect of turmeric juice (Curcuma domestica Val.) as an antibacterial of Escherichia coli bacteria. The results showed the ability of turmeric juice to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. The concentration of turmeric juice was able to produce an inhibition zone at concentrations ranging from 40% at 14 mm and the highest concentration at 100% at 24 mm. The results of the One Way Anova test showed that the results were not significant because the p-value>0.05 (p-value=0.351). This means that the average diameter of the inhibition at the concentration of turmeric juice 40%, 55%, 70%, 85%, and 100% did not have a significant difference. Turmeric juice has effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of E.coli bacteria.

ABSTRAKData BPS menunjukkan, kopi yang diproduksi untuk petani rakyat Indonesia akan meningkat dari tahun 2016 hingga 2018, dengan rata-rata produksi sebesar 667,3 ton. Jenis kopi yang populer adalah robusta (Coffea canephora) dan arabika (Coffea arabica L.). Produksi tertinggi mencapai 81% dari total produksi kopi Indonesia disumbang oleh kopi robusta, selebihnya yaitu kopi arabika. Wine Coffeeyaitu kopi pilihan yang telah dipetik tanpa mengupas kulitnya kemudian difermentasi dalam waktu lama,dan minuman tersebut memperoleh aroma dan rasa yang mengingatkan pada wine.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik sensoris (cita rasa) pada berbagai metode pasca panen yaitu natural dan wine kopi. Seluruh penilaian karakteristik seduhan kopi berdasarkan cita rasa nya dikerjakan panelis terlatih. Karakteristik cita rasa wine coffee berdasakan hasil penilaian memiliki total skor dan penilaian semua karakteristik cupping yang lebih tinggi dibanding kopi proses natural Kata Kunci: Arabika Ampelgading, Fermentasi, Karakteristik, Kopi Natural, Kopi Wine Wine

We report first-time reverberation-mapping results for 14 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the ongoing Monitoring AGNs with H β Asymmetry campaign (MAHA). These results utilize optical spectra obtained with the Long Slit Spectrograph on the Wyoming Infrared 2.3 m Telescope between 2017 November and 2023 May. MAHA combines long-duration monitoring with high cadence. We report results from multiple observing seasons for nine of the 14 objects. These results include H β time lags, supermassive black hole masses, and velocity-resolved time lags. The velocity-resolved lags allow us to investigate the kinematics of the broad-line region.

Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity—in a VUCA world the moment of surprise is everywhere, making things extremely unpredictable and planning and strategizing far more challenging. The healthcare industry is witnessing seismic shifts as medicine becomes more personalised, health data becomes valuable, and data sharing becomes essential, demanding the healthcare sector to re-strategise. This research aims to understand the various innovations and change-management techniques based on technology that have been adopted by healthcare industries in today's VUCA world while exploring the innovations needed to drive the Indian healthcare sector in the years to come. Thus, it examines and highlight the implications of the rising emphasis being placed on innovations in the healthcare industry - helping the sector to re-strategise and face the changes in today’s VUCA world with greater clarity. This paper is also designed to call attention to and discuss contemporary perspectives taken by top healthcare organisations in India before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is based on secondary data, including intensive analysis of research papers, media articles and grey literature reports, along with examining the recent innovations undertaken by the top healthcare companies and hospitals in India. The findings suggest that moving away from a supply-driven healthcare system toward a patient-centred system is necessary, and therefore organisations in India have to embrace innovation, agility, and adaptability in unison to brave the VUCA times.

ABSTRAK Florina Bakery merupakan produsen roti berskala UMKM yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Paser, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Florina Bakery berkomitmen memenuhi permintaan pasar yang bertumbuh dengan roti yang bermutu. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk membantu menganalisis produk cacat yang terjadi pada produksi roti manis di Florina Bakery. Analisis produk cacat menggunakan metode statistical quality control, meliputi: pendataan dengan check sheet, pembuatan diagram Pareto, pembuatan peta kendali, analisis diagram sebab-akibat, dan perencanaan tindakan perbaikan. Pengamatan pendahuluan menemukan terbentuknya produk cacat berupa: kulit terkelupas, isian keluar, penyok, dan bentuk tidak sesuai model. Diagram Pareto dan peta kendali menunjukkan: (1) besar potensial masalah cacat kulit terkelupas (65.36%), cacat isian keluar (22.96%), cacat bentuk (6.24%), dan cacat penyok (5.44%); (2) dan proses produksi roti manis belum terkendali. Rancangan tindakan perbaikan kualitas untuk Florina Bakery berdasarkan diagram sebab akibat, yaitu: peningkatan keterampilan pegawai dalam memproduksi roti, pembuatan SOP, dan menunjuk pengawas untuk mengontrol kegiatan produksi. Kata kunci: Florina Bakery, Produk Cacat, Roti Manis, Statistical Quality Control ABSTRACT Florina Bakery is a small scale bread producer located in Paser Regency, East Kalimantan Province. Florina Bakery is committed to meeting the growing market demand with quality bread. This study is intended to help analyze product defects that occur in sweet bread products at Florina Bakery. The analysis uses statistical quality control methods, using: check sheets, Pareto diagrams, control charts,and cause-and-effect diagrams. Preliminary observations found the formation of defective products in the form of: peeling skin, stuffing out, dents, and the shape did not match the model. Pareto diagram and control chart show: (1) the potential problems with peeling skin defects (65.36%), stuffing out defects (22.96%), shape defects (6.24%) and dent defects (5.44%); (2) and the production process is not under control. Quality improvement actions plan was carried out, there are: improving employee skills in producing bread, making SOPs, and appointing supervisors to control production activities. Keywords: Florina Bakery, Defective Products, Sweet Bread, Statistical Quality Control

An increasing number of checkpoint inhibitor-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus events have been reported. We present the first case of nivolumab-induced discoid lupus erythematosus in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient presents with violaceous hypopigmented plaques on the pinna bilaterally, hypopigmented plaques with central hyperpigmentation on the posterior neck, and other hypopigmented plaques on the face, forearms, and hands. For management, nivolumab was held for 2 months, and Plaquenil and topical steroids were added. Nivolumab was resumed with no further progression of DLE lesions and improvement of the skin. It is important to characterize cutaneous side effects to effectively manage them.

Corrosion is a global concern as it poses major economic losses and safety concerns. An effective remedial measure has been the use of green corrosion inhibitors. Even though green corrosion inhibitors are nontoxic and biodegradable; its corrosion inhibition efficiency is less when compared to conventional synthetic inhibitors. The present work provides experimental evidences regarding the synergistic effect of cationic or anionic salt towards augmenting the corrosion inhibition efficiency of green inhibitors. Precisely, a thorough comparative analysis of the corrosion inhibition potential of the plant extract with either cationic or anionic salts has been carried out that provides sound basis for the effective industrial use of the technology. The corrosion inhibition performance of Garcinia gummi-gutta leaf extract along with 10 mM KI and 10 mM zinc acetate by weight loss method and electrochemical technique was analyzed. It was found that 6000 ppm plant leaf extract with KI has a corrosion inhibition efficacy of 97% and 91.6%, as analyzed by electrochemical impedance (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarisation (PDP) studies respectively. When combined with zinc acetate, 6000 ppm plant leaf extract exhibits an inhibitory efficacy of 89.7% and 84%, under EIS and PDP analysis respectively. UV Visible Spectroscopy was used to affirm the strong interaction of ionic salts with the heteroatom present in plant leaf extract and surface characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) indicated the formation of protective layer of the plant extract on the mild steel surface. The findings support the notion that KI is more effective than zinc acetate at enhancing Garcinia gummi-gutta leaf extract's capacity for corrosion inhibition.

Abstract The major losses that limit the efficiency of a single-junction solar cell are thermalization loss and transmission loss. Thus, to efficiently utilize the full solar spectrum and to mitigate these losses, tandem solar cells (TSC) have significantly impacted the photovoltaic (PV) landscape. In this context, the research on perovskite/silicon tandems is currently dominating the research community. The stability improvements of perovskite materials and mature fabrication techniques of silicon have underpinned the rapid progress of perovskite/silicon TSC. However, the low absorption coefficient and high module cost of the silicon are the tailbacks for the mass production of perovskite/silicon TSCs. Therefore, PV technology demands to explore some new materials other than Si to be used as absorber layer in the bottom cell. Thus, here in this work, to mitigate the aforementioned losses and to reduce cost, a 23.36% efficient two-terminal perovskite-PbS CQD monolithic tandem solar cell has been designed through comprehensive device simulations. Before analyzing the performance of the proposed TSC, the performance of perovskite top cells has been optimized in terms of variation in optical properties, thickness, and interface defect density under standalone conditions. Thereafter, filtered spectrum and associated integrated filtered power by the top cell at different perovskite thickness from 50 to 500 nm is obtained to conceive the presence of the top cell above the bottom cell with different perovskite thickness. The current matching by concurrently varying the thickness of both the top and bottom subcell has also been done to obtain the maximum deliverable tandem JSC for the device under consideration. The top/bottom subcell with current matched JSC of 16.68 mA cm−2/16.62 mA cm−2 showed the conversion efficiency of 14.60%/9.07% under tandem configuration with an optimized thickness of 143 nm/470 nm, where the top cell is simulated under AM1.5G spectrum, and bottom cell is exposed to the spectrum filtered by 143 nm thick top cell. Further, the voltages at equal current points are added together to generate tandem J–V characteristics. This work concludes a 23.36% efficient perovskite-PbS CQD tandem design with 1.79 V (VOC), 16.67 mA cm−2 (JSC) and 78.3% (FF). The perovskite-PbS CQD tandem device proposed in this work may pave the way for the development of high-efficiency tandem solar cells for low-cost applications.

Abstract Background Cerebral arterio venous malformations (AVM) are a major causal factor for intracranial hemorrhage, which result in permanent disability or death. The molecular mechanisms of AVM are complex, and their pathogenesis remains an enigma. Current research on cerebral AVM is focused on characterizing the molecular features of AVM nidus to elucidate the aberrant signaling pathways. The initial stimuli that lead to the development of AVM nidus structures between a dilated artery and a vein are however not known. Methods In order to understand the molecular basis of development of cerebral AVM, we used in-depth RNA sequencing with the total RNA isolated from cerebral AVM nidus. Immunoblot and qRT-PCR assays were used to study the differential gene expression in AVM nidus, and immunofluorescence staining was used to study the expression pattern of aberrant proteins in AVM nidus and control tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the expression pattern of aberrant proteins in AVM nidus and control tissues. Results The transcriptome study has identified 38 differentially expressed genes in cerebral AVM nidus, of which 35 genes were upregulated and 3 genes were downregulated. A final modular analysis identified an upregulation of ALDH1A2, a key rate-limiting enzyme of retinoic acid signaling pathway. Further analysis revealed that CYR61, a regulator of angiogenesis, and the target gene for retinoic acid signaling is upregulated in AVM nidus. We observed that astrocytes associated with AVM nidus are abnormal with increased expression of GFAP and Vimentin. Triple immunofluorescence staining of the AVM nidus revealed that CYR61 was also overexpressed in the abnormal astrocytes associated with AVM tissue. Conclusion Using high-throughput RNA sequencing analysis and immunostaining, we report deregulated expression of retinoic acid signaling genes in AVM nidus and its associated astrocytes and speculate that this might trigger the abnormal angiogenesis and the development of cerebral AVM in humans.

‎We study the Gutman index ${\rm Gut}(G)$ and the edge-Wiener index $W_e (G)$ of connected graphs $G$ of given order $n$ and edge-connectivity $\lambda$‎. ‎We show that the bound ${\rm Gut}(G) \le \frac{2^4 \cdot 3}{5^5 (\lambda+1)} n^5‎ + ‎O(n^4)$ is asymptotically tight for $\lambda \ge 8$‎. ‎We improve this result considerably for $\lambda \le 7$ by presenting asymptotically tight upper bounds on ${\rm Gut}(G)$ and $W_e (G)$ for $2 \le \lambda \le 7$‎.

Kelompok Tani Kopi Makmur Abadi (KTKMA) merupakan salah satu produsen kopi yang berada di Jawa Timur dengan produk kopi bubuk Tri Tunggal. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah kualitas bubuk kopi yang cukup rendah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan langkah pengembangan produk kopi baru dengan kualitas lebih baik yang dilabeli sebagai kopi premium. QFD merupakan sebuah metode yang digunakan untuk menerjemahkan Voice of Customer (VoC) menjadi produk baru yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen. Variabel kualitas kopi yang digunakan adalah fragrance/aroma, flavor, aftertaste, salt/acid, bitter/sweet, mouthfeel, balance, uniform cups, clean cups, dan overall. Responden penelitian berjumlah 96 orang untuk mengisi kuesioner VoC dan 10 orang sebagai panelis terlatih. Melalui analisis dengan metode QFD diketahui bahwa untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen, KTKMA perlu melakukan pelatihan operator sesuai instruksi kerja, kontrol pascapanen buah dan biji kopi, kontrol tahap sortasi biji kopi, kontrol konsistensi suhu dan durasi penyangraian, dan kontrol durasi pendinginan biji kopi.

Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh isolat khamir penghasil etanol yang memiliki toleransi tinggi terhadap etanol dan suhu. Tahapan dalam penelitian ini meliputi isolasi khamir, identifikasi morfologi koloni dan sel, analisis kurva pertumbuhan khamir, skrining khamir thermotolerant dan ethanol-tolerant, fermentasi dan analisis kadar etanol. Isolat JCBI-01 (Kenitu) dan JCBI-14 (Coklat) diduga genus Candida sp. Sedangkan isolat JCBI-02 (Pisang) dan JCBI-03 (Pepaya) diduga genus Saccharomyces sp. Pada uji ethanol-tolerant isolat JCBI-01, JCBI-02, JCBI-14, dan JCBI-03 memiliki toleransi yang baik terhadap etanol konsentrasi 14%, dan pada isolat JCBI-01 dan JCBI-14 masih dapat toleran pada konsentrasi 15%. Hasil uji thermotolerant semua isolat bertahan hingga suhu 48 ̊C. Untuk kemampuan dalam produksi etanol pada jam ke-48, isolat JCBI-01 menghasilkan etanol sebesar 2.41% (b/v),JCBI-02 sebesar 2.54% (b/v), JCBI-14 sebesar 2.63% (b/v), dan JCBI-03 sebesar 3.07% (b/v).

Salah satu produk unggul di Kabupaten Malang adalah singkong. Terdapat lima UKM dalam klaster UKM keripik singkong yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yang merupakan hasil dari 18 UKM. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan formula terbaik dalam meningkatkan kualitas keripik singkong di Kabupaten Malang, dimana hasil uji organoleptic akan dianalisis menggunakan metode Indeks Efektivitas (IE), kemudian hasil uji laboratorium dianalisis menggunakan metode Multiple Attribute (MA). Diperoleh formula terbaik pertama dari perhitungan IE dan MA adalah UKM Wijaya dengan kandungan kadar air (7.66%), asam lemak bebas (0.55%), dan keutuhan (93.35%). Perbaikan dilakukan dengan dua metode penggorengan yaitu perlakuan pertama (suhu 197 ± 2oC 4-5 menit), perlakuan kedua (suhu 193 ± 2oC 5-6 menit). Setelah dilakukan perbaikan pada proses penggorengan didapatkan formula terbaik pada perlakuan pertama dengan nilai kadar air 4.54%, asam lemak 0.03% dan persen keutuhan 95.05% yang memenuhi SNI.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh serta interaksi penambahan putih telur dan konsentrasi penambahan maltodekstrin terhadap karakteristik organoleptik, fisik dan kimia bubuk kaldu jamur tiram putih yang dihasilkan menggunakan metode foam mat drying. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 faktor, dimana faktor I adalah konsentrasi maltodekstrin (10%, 15% dan 20%) dan faktor II adalah konsentrasi putih telur (10%,15% dan 20%). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi maltodekstrin dan konsentrasi putih telur memberikan pengaruh terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia dan organoleptik dari bubuk yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan organoleptik, perlakuan terbaik adalah penambahan maltodekstrin 10% dan putih telur 20%. Perlakuan terbaik memiliki karakteristik warna L*, a*, b* sebesar 76.9; 9.35; 18.44, Densitas busa sebesar 0.20 g/mL, rendemen 29.10%, daya larut 96.41%, kadar air sebesar 6.58%, kadar protein sebesar 5.77%.

Perovskite quantum dots (CsPbI _3 -PQDs), a translucent material, have gained great interest in the PV industries owing to their unified virtues of perovskites and quantum dots. However, researchers have found that perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from issues like low stability at high relative humidity, energy states imbalance, severe hysteresis, and an easy decomposition under ultraviolet (UV) radiation that severely restrict their industrialization. Quantum dots (QDs) are excellent materials with numerous admirable traits that have been extensively employed in PSCs to overcome the aforementioned problems. To achieve high performance of the examined device, the CsPbI _3 -PQDs has been stacked between two charge transport layers, i.e., Cl@SnO _2 (to facilitate electrons towards cathode) and P _3 HT (to facilitate holes towards anode). In this context, study of variations in different parameters such as thickness and acceptor density of the CsPbI _3 -PQDs absorber layer has been done. After varying the thickness and acceptor density of the CsPbI _3 -PQDs layer, the cell’s performance is optimized at thickness of 400 nm and acceptor density of 1 × 10 ^17 /cm ^3 delivering higher PV parameters power conversion efficiency (PCE):16.17%, open circuit voltage (V _OC ):1.02 V, short circuit density (J _SC ):18.06 mA cm ^−2 and fill factor (FF): 87.06% respectively. Thereafter, the effects of bulk defects in CsPbI _3 -PQDs and the interface between CsPbI _3 -PQDs and Cl@SnO _2 have been explored in this work. For the cell to work at its best, the bulk defect density and interface defect density, respectively, should not be more than 1 × 10 ^14 /cm ^3 and 1 × 10 ^13 /cm ^2 . Afterwards, a comprehensive study has been done by varying the front electrode transparency (from 40% to 95%) to improve the device performance. With 95% of front electrode transparency, the performance of device is improved due to increase in the photon coupling.

Weak emission-line quasars (WLQs) are a subset of type 1 quasars that exhibit extremely weak Ly α + N v λ 1240 and/or C iv λ 1549 emission lines. We investigate the relationship between emission-line properties and accretion rate for a sample of 230 “ordinary” type 1 quasars and 18 WLQs at z < 0.5 and 1.5 < z < 3.5 that have rest-frame ultraviolet and optical spectral measurements. We apply a correction to the H β -based black hole mass ( M _BH ) estimates of these quasars using the strength of the optical Fe ii emission. We confirm previous findings that WLQs’ M _BH values are overestimated by up to an order of magnitude using the traditional broad-emission-line region size–luminosity relation. With this M _BH correction, we find a significant correlation between H β -based Eddington luminosity ratios and a combination of the rest-frame C iv equivalent width and C iv blueshift with respect to the systemic redshift. This correlation holds for both ordinary quasars and WLQs, which suggests that the two-dimensional C iv parameter space can serve as an indicator of accretion rate in all type 1 quasars across a wide range of spectral properties.

The high absorption coefficient and low cost with plentiful availability make the material iron pyrite (FeS _2 ) promising for solar cell applications. However, their efficiency in the literature is still around 2.8% due to their low V _OC . The presence of an acceptor-type surface inversion layer (SIL) with a significant band gap (0.56 eV–0.72 eV) is the main cause of this low performance. A detailed study considering these two parameters is not available in the literature to relate device performance to underlying phenomena. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the band gap and doping variation of SIL was performed in this article to explore the efficiency potential of FeS _2 solar cells. The results showed that SIL with a low bandgap is highly undesirable, and it is recommended to fabricate SIL with a higher band gap of 0.72 eV and a doping of 10 ^19 cm ^−3 in the laboratory to achieve a conversion efficiency of 5.36%. It was also confirmed that FeS _2 -based solar cells without a SIL layer have the potential to deliver 10.3% conversion efficiency. The results reported in this study will pave the way for underestimating the workings of iron pyrite solar cells and developing highly efficient FeS _2 solar cells.

Ethical standards of healthcare sector are important to the lives of people because healthcare is a profession that impacts the lives of people, their families and society. Healthcare professionals are inevitably involved in ethical decision-making in their working lives and address a conflict regarding competing values such as personal, organizational, professional, and community values. India is a country in South Asia where people are diverse in ethnicity, religion, and culture. So, revealing commonly accepted ethical standards for resolving ethical conflicts for healthcare professionals becomes more relevant for India. However, the research on this issue is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to reveal the link between ethical standards for healthcare professionals in general and Indian cultural values such as Dharma, Nishkama Karma and Jnana. This paper used a scoping review to screen the relevant articles which were selected from the Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The keywords used for searching the research articles were “ethical standard”, “ethics”, “healthcare ethics”, and “Indian cultural values”. Then, the constructs of healthcare ethics were identified and the relevant ethical standards for each construct were not only evaluated based on the two key theoretical viewpoints namely deontology and teleology, but also justified by Indian cultural values.

Survival and proliferation of vascular cells in the presence of DNA damage is a characteristic of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Here the authors show that the phosphatase EYA3 contributes to vascular remodeling by promoting survival of damaged cells, and present results of genetic and pharmacological EYA3 inhibition.

Ketergantungan bangsa Indonesia terhadap konsumsi beras cukup tinggi ketika jumlah produksi beras turun. Diperlukan sebuah upaya untuk mengatasi masalah ketergantungan terhadap komoditas beras dan bahan impor lainnya. Kegiatan diversifikasi dapat digunakan untuk mencari alternatif bahan pangan pokok alternatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan preferensi konsumen pada produk nasi jagung putih dan nasi putih, pengaruh aspek sensori terhadap keputusan pembelian produk beras jagung putih untuk dijadikan sebagai pangan pokok alternatif, serta karakteristik kimia nasi jagung putih dan mengetahui potensi produk beras jagung sebagai pangan pokok alternatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk data laboratorium, metode dependent T-test untuk analisis data organoleptik, dan metode regresi linier berganda untuk mengetahui aspek sensori terhadap keputusan pembelian produk. Hasil pengujian organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan tingkat kesukaan responden terhadap produk nasi putih dengan nasi jagung putih. Sampel nasi jagung putih mengandung protein sebesar 2,73%; lemak 0,08%; kadar air 77,52%; kadar abu 0,62%; karbohidrat 19,04%; total gula 1,66%; serat pangan 19,53%; dan total energi sebesar 87,84%. Hasil keputusan pembelian produk terhadap aspek kenampakan, cita rasa, dan tekstur dihasilkan bahwa aspek cita rasa nasi jagung putih sangat berpengaruh dalam keputusan pembelian produk. Sebanyak 60,67% responden menyatakan bahwa beras jagung putih berpotensi untuk dijadikan pangan pokok alternatif dan proporsi beras jagung putih:beras putih yang dapat dikonsumsi dan diterima oleh responden adalah sebesar 30,4 : 69,6.. Kata Kunci: Jagung Putih, Preferensi konsumen, Diversifikasi, Pangan Pokok Abstract The dependence of Indonesian citizen on rice is quite high when the amount of rice production falls. To overcome this problem, efforts are needed to reduce this dependence on rice and other imported food ingredients. Diversification can be used to find other staple food alternatives. The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of consumer preferences on products of white corn rice and white rice, the effect of sensory aspects on the purchasing decision of white corn rice products as a staple food alternative, the chemical characteristics of white corn rice, and finding the potential of white corn rice products as a staple food alternative. This study used descriptive method for laboratory data, dependent T-test method for organoleptic data analysis, and multiple linear regression method to determine the sensory aspects of product purchasing decisions. The organoleptic test results showed that there were significant differences in the respondents' preference for white rice and white corn rice. The sample of white corn rice contains 2.73% protein; 0.08% fat; 77.52% moisture content; 0.62% ash content; 19.04% carbohydrate; 1.66% total sugar; 19.53% food fiber; and 87.84% total energy. The result of product purchase decisions on aspects of appearance, taste, and texture showed that the taste aspect of white corn rice is very influential in product purchasing decisions. As many as 60.67% of respondents stated that white corn rice has the potential to be used as an alternative staple food and the ratio of white corn rice : white rice that can be consumed and received by respondents was 30.4: 69.6. Keywords: White corn, Consumer preference, Diversification, Staple food

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat mi kering berbasis ampok jagung yang difortifikasi dengan tepung tempe dan tepung daun kelor yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan ibu hamil. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi 2 tahap utama yaitu optimasi formula dan analisis produk akhir. Tahap optimasi formula dimulai dengan menentukan titik maksimum substitusi dari masing-masing tepung. Pembuatan mi kering substitusi tepung daun kelor dilakukan dengan level substutisi 10% hingga 35%, sedangkan untuk tepung tempe dari 15% hingga 40%. Tahap optimasi formula dilakukan dengan bantuan piranti lunak Design Expert 7.0 dengan metode rancangan campuran D-optimal. Analisis respon akan menghasilkan model persamaan. Model untuk respon warna dan cita rasa adalah linier, zat besi dan tekstur adalah kuadratik, sedangkan model untuk respon protein dan kalsium adalah kubik. Semua model tergolong signifikan sehingga dapat memberikan prediksi hasil yang baik. Solusi formula yang paling optimal, yaitu formula mi kering dengan 17,129% tepung daun kelor dan 32,871% tepung tempe. Tahap verifikasi memberikan hasil yang mendukung prediksi formula optimal tersebut. Hasil analisis menunjukan mi kering mengandung kadar air sebesar 7,45%, kadar abu sebesar 3,4%, kadar protein sebesar 28,85%, kadar lemak sebesar 6,73%, kadar kalsium sebesar 309,61 mg/100 gram, kadar zat besi sebesar 34,05 mg/100 gram, cooking loss 2,2% dan cooking time 275 detik. Kata kunci: ampok jagung, ibu hamil, makanan tambahan, mi kering, optimasi Abstract This study aim was to make dried noodles based on fermented corn fortified with tempeh flour and moringa leaf flour that can meet the needs of pregnant women. This research was divided into two main stages, namely formula optimization and final product analysis. The formula optimization stage begins by determining the maximum substitution point of each flour. For moringa leaf flour, it was made to make dry noodles with a substitution level of 10% to 35%, while for tempeh flour from 15% to 40%. The formula optimization stage was carried out with the help of Design Expert 7.0 software with the D-optimal mixture design method. Response analysis produced an equation model. Models for color and flavor responses are linear, iron and texture are quadratic, while models for protein and calcium responses are cubic. All models are classified as significant so that they can predict good results. The most optimal formula solution was dry noodle formula with 17.129% Moringa leaf flour and 32.871% tempeh flour. The verification phase provides results that support the optimal formula prediction. The results of the analysis showed that dried noodles contained a moisture content of 7.45%, ash content of 3.4%, protein content of 28.85%, fat content of 6.73%, calcium content of 309.61 mg/100 gram, substance content iron at 34.05 mg/100 gram, cooking loss 2.2% and cooking time 275 seconds. Keywords: dry noodles, fermented corn, optimization, pregnant women, supplementary food

Makanan Pendamping ASI merupakan makanan yang diberikan kepada bayi saat usianya 6 bulan keatas. Makanan pendamping ASI juga berfungsi sebagai pengenalan kepada bayi terhadap makanan keluarga. Berbagai tanaman di tanah air dapat digunakan sebagai makanan pendamping ASI, bahan sumber karbohidrat yang akan digunakan dalam penyusunan formulasi bubur instan ini adalah ubi jalar. Selain ubi jalar digunakan pula bahan lokal lain seperti daging ayam, wortel, susu bubuk dan minyak kedelai. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah menyusun formula bubur bayi yang tepat dari bahan tepung ubi jalar fermentasi, tepung daging ayam, tepung wortel, minyak kedelai dan susu bubuk dengan menggunakan metode Linear Programming. Fungsi Tujuan : memaksimalkan nilai energi dalam bubur instan yang didasarkan pada optimalisasi pemakaian bahan baku dengan persamaan sebagai berikut : , dimana = tepung ubi jalar, = tepung daging ayam, = tepung wortel, = susu bubuk dan = minyak kedelai. Berdasarkan persamaan tersebut didapatkan formulasi tepung ubi jalar 50 gr, tepung daging ayam 8,34 g, tepung wortel 16,66 g, susu bubuk 20 g dan minyak kedelai 5 g, sehingga didapatkan bubur instan berbahan dasar tepung ubi jalar fermentasi dalam 100 gram dengan kandungan total energi sebesar 440,413 Kkal, lemak 12,27 gr, protein 14,67 gr, karbohidrat 59,66 gr, kadar abu 5,06%, kadar air 8,34%, omega 6 sebesar 0,451.g, omega 3 sebesar 0,006 g dan total karoten sebesar 173,37 µg/g. Sifat fisik bubur instan ubi jalar meliputi densitas energi sebesar 1,256 Kkal/gr, densitas kamba sebesar 0,5333 g/ml dan uji seduh sebesar 100 ml/40gr.Kata Kunci : linear programming, makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI), optimasi energi, ubi jalar DOI https://doi.org/10.33005/jtp.v12i2.1284

In this article, ultrascaled junctionless (JL) field-effect phototransistors based on carbon nanotube/nanoribbons with sub-10 nm photogate lengths were computationally assessed using a rigorous quantum simulation. This latter self-consistently solves the Poisson equation with the mode space (MS) non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism in the ballistic limit. The adopted photosensing principle is based on the light-induced photovoltage, which alters the electrostatics of the carbon-based junctionless nano-phototransistors. The investigations included the photovoltage behavior, the I-V characteristics, the potential profile, the energy-position-resolved electron density, and the photosensitivity. In addition, the subthreshold swing–photosensitivity dependence as a function of change in carbon nanotube (graphene nanoribbon) diameter (width) was thoroughly analyzed while considering the electronic proprieties and the quantum physics in carbon nanotube/nanoribbon-based channels. As a result, the junctionless paradigm substantially boosted the photosensitivity and improved the scaling capability of both carbon phototransistors. Moreover, from the point of view of comparison, it was found that the junctionless graphene nanoribbon field-effect phototransistors exhibited higher photosensitivity and better scaling capability than the junctionless carbon nanotube field-effect phototransistors. The obtained results are promising for modern nano-optoelectronic devices, which are in dire need of high-performance ultra-miniature phototransistors.

Indonesia memiliki hasil panen komoditas pertanian yang melimpah salah satunya adalah kedelai. Kedelai biasa digunakan dalam pembuatan makanan seperti tempe, tahu, kecap dan lain-lain. Pada proses pembuatan makanan tersebut kedelai mengalami proses pemanasan yang dapat mengurangi kandungan senyawa bioaktif pada kedelai. Suatu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kandungan senyawa bioaktif pada kedelai yaitu dengan elisitasi. Elisitasi adalah suatu metode yang memberikan kondisi tidak nyaman pada tanaman menggunakan media atau senyawa (elisitor) sehingga dapat membentuk metabolit sekunder yang berfungsi sebagai media pertahanan. Elisitor dapat berupa biotik (mikroorganisme, jamur dan herbivora) dan abiotik (ion logam berat, angin dan sinar UV). Elisitasi dalam beberapa penelitian dapat menggunakan kejut listrik dan temperatur sehingga kombinasi kejut listrik dan suhu diharapkan dapat berpotensi dalam peningkatan pembentukan metabolit sekunder. Mekanisme yang terjadi yaitu pemberian cekaman (lingkungan yang ekstrem) oleh kedua faktor tersebut akan memicu pembentukan gen-gen dan hormon yang dapat memicu terbentuknya metabolit sekunder sebagai pertahanan diri.

Persaingan industri toko roti yang memproduksi roti gandum utuh dinilai cukup ketat sehingga produsen harus bersaing untuk menarik minat konsumen agar membeli produk yang dijual. Oleh karena itu, para pelaku industri bakery harus mengetahui preferensi dan keinginan konsumen terhadap roti gandum utuh untuk meningkatkan penjualan dan minat konsumen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis perbedaan preferensi konsumen terhadap karakteristik organoleptik 6 merek roti gandum utuh yang dijual di Kota Malang. Analisis data organoleptik dilakukan menggunakan metode Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) General Linear Mode (GLM) dengan uji lanjut Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan merek berpengaruh signifikan terhadap preferensi konsumen pada karakteristik organoleptik warna, aroma, rasa, tekstur dan kenampakan produk roti gandum utuh.

Total produksi apel di Kota Batu mencapai 22.000 ton/tahun. Namun, sekitar 4.000 ton apel belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Apel dapat diolah menjadi lempok yang merupakan pangan tradisional berbentuk semi basah. Pada proses pembuatan lempok, lama pemasakan dan konsentrasi penambahan maizena berpengaruh terhadap konsistensi gel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan interaksi penambahan konsentrasi maizena dan lama pemasakan dengan suhu tetap terhadap karakteristik lempok apel. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok terdiri dari tingkat lama pemasakan yaitu 1, 1.5 dan 2 jam serta konsentrasi maizena 5, 7.5 dan 10%. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut BNT dan DMRT. Lama pemasakan dengan suhu tetap dan konsentrasi maizena berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik lempok apel manalagi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, lempok apel terbaik berdasarkan parameter kimia dan fisik adalah lempok apel dengan perlakuan lama pemasakan 2 jam dan konsentrasi maizena 10%. Produk terbaik berdasarkan organoleptik adalah lempok apel dengan perlakuan lama pemasakan 1,5 jam dan konsentrasi maizena 7,5%.

Croissant merupakan salah satu jenis produk pastry yang diminati konsumen sehingga para pelaku industri bakery di Kota Malang harus mengetahui kebutuhan dan keinginan konsumen terhadap croissant untuk meningkatkan minat dan penjualannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan persepsi konsumen terhadap atribut organoleptic pada 8 merek croissant yang dijual di Kota Malang. Data uji organoleptik diperoleh dari survey random sampling pada 107 orang responden, kemudian data dianalisis dengan uji nonparametrik Friedman selang kepercayaan 95%, dilanjutkan uji perbandingan berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan preferensi konsumen terhadap produk croissant berdasarkan pengujian pada karakteristik organoleptik yang meliputi parameter warna, rasa, aroma, tekstur dan kenampakan croissant.

Susu kedelai sering digunakan sebagai alternatif pengganti susu sapi, karena memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang tidak kalah dengan susu sapi serta harganya lebih terjangkau. Kedelai memiliki kandungan antigizi yang dapat mengganggu tercernanya protein di dalam tubuh. Penambahan enzim papain diharapkan mampu menghidrolisis protein dalam kedelai menjadi asam amino sederhana sehingga mudah dicerna oleh tubuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan percobaan Nested Design dengan 2 faktor. Faktor I jenis kedelai (kedelai sayur, kedelai hitam, kedelai kuning), faktor II konsentrasi enzim papain (100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm). Berdasarkan karakteristik kimia dan fisik, susu kedelai terbaik adalah perlakuan jenis susu kedelai hitam dengan konsentrasi enzim papain 300 ppm (K2P3). Nilai protein terlarut 0,34%, N Amino 0,02%, pH 6,6; viskositas 5,00; kecerahan (L) 77,1; kehijauan (a) -3.4 dan kekuningan (b) 14.3. Sedangkan perlakuan terbaik berdasarkan karakteristik organoleptik diperoleh pada perlakuan jenis kedelai kuning dengan konsentrasi enzim papain 200 ppm.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis preferensi konsumen terhadap karakteristik organoleptik (meliputi atribut warna, rasa, aroma, tekstur dan kenampakan) produk roti manis (10 merek) yang dijual di Kota Malang, menggunakan uji hedonik dan uji rangking. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa atribut warna MYB berbeda nyata dengan HLB, sebaliknya HLB tidak berbeda nyata dengan DFL. Atribut aroma SNT berbeda nyata dengan HLB, sedangkan HLB tidak berbeda nyata dengan MYB. Atribut kenampakan MYB berbeda nyata dengan sampel yang lain, dan sebaliknya HLB tidak berbeda nyata dengan DFL. Untuk atribut rasa, SHB tidak berbeda nyata dengan NYB, namun berbeda nyata dengan MYB. Atribut tekstur dari SHB tidak berbeda nyata dengan NYB, namun berbeda nyata dengan DFL. Pada uji ranking sampel HLB berada di peringkat 1 untuk keseluruhan atribut dan sampel NYW di peringkat 10 untuk total nilai keseluruhan.

Abstrak Antioksidan adalah zat yang dapat menangkal radikal bebas. Salah satu cara meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan adalah dengan elisitasi dan perkecambahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan kecambah beras coklat berdasarkan lama elisitasi dan perkecambahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan dua faktor yaitu lama elisitasi dan lama perkecambahan, terdiri dari enam kelompok perlakuan yaitu 12 jam elisitasi 24 jam perkecambahan, 18 jam elisitasi 24 jam perkecambahan, 24 jam elisitasi 24 jam perkecambahan, 12 jam elisitasi 36 jam perkecambahan, 18 jam elisitasi 36 jam perkecambahan, dan 24 jam elisitasi 36 jam perkecambahan yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Sampel yang digunakan adalah beras coklat varietas mentik. Uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-pycryl-hydracil). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan aktivitas antioksidan kecambah beras coklat berdasarkan lama elisitasi dan perkecambahan pada semua perlakuan dengan nilai p=0,029 (Anova,p

Social isolation is widespread among older adults, especially those confined to living in nursing homes and long-term care facilities. We completed a systematic review evaluating the effectiveness of 20 interventions used to combat social isolation in older adults. A scoring mechanism based on the Joanna Briggs Appraisal Checklist was utilized to determine the quality of the studies. Searches were conducted in “MedLine”, “PubMed”, “PsycINFO” and “Aging and Mental Health”. Studies completed on group and person-centered interventions against social isolation were the highest quality as the social isolation experienced by older adults decreased after the intervention, and this effect continued in follow-up studies. Other interventions such as volunteering-based interventions also alleviated isolation; however, follow-up studies were not completed to determine long-term efficacy. Given the increase in social isolation faced by older persons during the pandemic, our review can be utilized to create effective interventions to reduce social isolation.