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In this paper, we elaborated the nickel-based alloy type Hastelloy G30 and we analyzed it by techniques of characterization in order to interpret the results obtained through a computer simulation. The calculation of the thermo-physical properties of the alloy and the simulation of filling and solidification of the casting was performed by the software ProCAST. The validation of the numerical results was done by the following experimental techniques: optical microscopy and hardness test. In the center of the elaborate piece, the experimental results showed the appearance of porosity and leading to embrittlement of the alloy. According to the numerical simulation, this is caused by a fraction of the liquid that remains trapped in this area.

This research was aimed to investigate a model of confirmatory structural validity for indicators of adopting axial sprinkler irrigation technology for wheat producers in Ain Al-Tamr district as the Karbala governorate during the agricultural season (2020-2021) through a number of hypotheses to measure and estimate the latent variables based on the five-point Likert scale to show the behaviors and psychological preferences for a set of phrases the samples targeting of farmers to the most important factor affecting the adoption of pivot sprinkler irrigation technology. The sample consisted of (100) farmers and based on the method confirmatory factor analysis and using the AMOS program. The most important influencing factors were obtained after exceeding the quality of conformity model, as the study proved that technology is of great importance in solving production problems, and social media has a significant impact on the availability of concepts and information about technology and great importance in the dissemination of that technology, and the decrease in water levels in the rivers (Tigris and Euphrates). Climatic changes led to directing the behavior and preferences of producers towards adopting pivot sprinkler irrigation to compensate for the shortage in irrigation water sources. Academic achievement and government support have a significant impact on the producer’s behavior in using modern irrigation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was aimed to study the most important factors affecting the food security coefficient in Iraq for the period 2003-2020. Where the food security coefficient was calculated for the rice crop, the results showed that the rice food security coefficient amounted to about 0.55, which is nearly enough for six months, which requires maintaining the level of food security of rice and then study the factors affecting food security, considering the food security factor as a dependent variable, and each of the population, local production, available for consumption and imported quantities of rice as independent variables. Statistical and standard methods were used to find out the most important aspects of this subject in the agricultural sector, and Johansen's co-integration method was employed for this purpose, and unit root tests such as Phillips - Perron used, for the purpose of determining the stability of the data and then testing the optimal analysis method and formulating the standard model. The most important finding of the analysis is that there is an equilibrium relationship and a joint integration between the food security factor of rice and each of (population, local production, available for consumption, quantity of imports) despite the presence of short-term unequilibrium, and the value of the error correction parameter was (-1.48) which It means that 148% of the errors or unequilibrium that occur in the short term can be automatically corrected in less than a year to reach equilibrium in the long term [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to illustrate the significant role of modern technology packages in agriculture, in particular in the growth of wheat cultivation. In this research will attempt to use O-Ring method. The purpose our using of this method is to prove that the modern technological packages used in agriculture, wheat cropping combined have a significant impact on increasing the productivity of the wheat crop in Iraq. A sample is taking from 290 farms, by divided into three governorates Namely Wasit, Babil and Diwaniyah. The packaging used to grow wheat was micronutrients, seeds, fertilizers, laser-level potassium sulphate, seeds, potassium sulphate fertilizers, Pallas herbicide, Atlantis herbicide and the farming cycle. All these elements were expressed; as A3i. This is an indicator of the intensification of agricultural inputs for developing wheat cultivation in Iraq. The results of the analysis showed that there is a high degree of correlation between each of the modern technological inputs and the rest of the modern inputs. The results also indicated that there is a growth and development in the productivity of the wheat crop because of the use of modern technologies, as there is a correlation between the use of the modern technology package and the development of the productivity of the wheat crop in Iraq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the M23C6 carbides precipitation sequence aims to determine a correct heat treatment design in order to optimise the mechanical properties of the Fe-18Cr-8Ni steel. In this paper, the ageing influence at 800°C on the mechanical properties and microstructure of this steel has been studied. The aged material was examined with nanoindentation, macrohardness, scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The hardness test results showed a continuous softening of the Fe-18Cr-8Ni steel when increasing the treatment time up to 6000 minutes. The nanoindentation tests revealed a decrease in the nanohardness of the austenite and M23C6 carbides as the ageing time increased. Before the ageing process, the solution treatment produced completely austenitic steel. After 30 and 60 minutes of ageing, the M23C6 carbides were located at the grain boundaries. The precipitation of the M23C6 carbides within the grains was observed from 300 to 6000 minutes of ageing. The coarsening of the M23C6 carbides occurred at high holding times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scanning electron microscopy was used to measure the trapped charge under electron-beam irradiation.

The research aims to study the relative economic efficiency of the agricultural resources used to produce the cucumber crop in greenhouses, as the modified profit function method was used to assess the relative economic efficiency of a random sample of cucumber farms in greenhouses in the province of Babylon, amounting to 90 farms for the season 2021, as the number of house holders reached 956. In the province of Babylon, the results of the study of the dual production function showed that greenhouse farms achieved increasing capacity returns through the value of the capacity return of 1.226, while the binary production function obtained from the normalized profit function after the introduction of the project size gave higher capacity returns depending on the capacity return value of 1.414 and this This is due to the fact that the small farms achieved an optimum combination of the resources used and thus reflected in achieving the economic efficiency of those farms. Cucumber production in the homes is less relative in the use of economic resources compared to small farms, a study has shown. The study recommends the need to redistribute production resources, to benefit from them in achieving the economic efficiency of those resources. This will be reflected in increasing the efficiency of vegetable production in greenhouses on the one hand, and reducing production costs on the other hand.Keywords: polixal 20-8, seaweed extract (Algaren), soil salinity, yield of eggplant Solanum melongena L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]