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This study aims to determine the effect of agricultural commodities on inflation in the city of Manado and what agricultural commodities have a significant effect on inflation in the city of Manado. This research was conducted in December 2019 until February 2020. Data collection was obtained through secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of North Sulawesi Province which was taken through the official website of BPS North Sulawesi Province. Sampling uses a time series data source. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression analysis methods. This analysis will produce a pattern and closeness of the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable, estimate the effect of the independent variable on inflation in the city of Manado, and be able to predict inflation in the city of Manado if the magnitude of the independent variable is known. The results showed that the Manado City Inflation was influenced by agricultural commodities, namely vegetables, legume inflation, fruit inflation and seasoning inflation. Grain groups have no effect on inflation in the City of Manado.*eprm*

This study aims to determine the role of women in the stages of work on tomato farming and the time allocation in tomato farming and in household activities. This research was conducted for 6 months from November 2016 to May 2017 in Taraitak Satu Village, Langowan Utara District, Minahasa Regency. The data used in this study consisted of primary data obtained through interviews and observations on 20 women farmers who were deliberately selected by criteria of having a husband and working not as a tomato farmer. Secondary data was obtained from the Taraitak Satu Village Office, Unsrat Agricultural Library, the Internet through google searching in the form of a thesis from another university. Data analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analysis. Based on the results of the study concluded the stages of work involving women on tomato farming, namely the stage of seed preparation, land clearing, planting and making planting holes, planting, mulching, maintenance - including watering, weeding, fertilizing, controlling pests and diseases or spraying of pesticide, trimming and binding - , harvesting, and post-harvesting. The most dominant time allocation of female labor is at the maintenance stage except spraying drugs that are not carried out by women. Maintenance activities are carried out by women because according to the local community's views women are more diligent than men in this process namely watering, weeding, fertilizing, pruning and binding. The highest outpouring of women's work time in tomato farming is in maintenance activities, especially in binding and pruning activities, which requires 2 days per harvest where the period of 1 harvest is 3 months 2 weeks. In household activities: women with families devote time per day to work for income (tomato farming) an average of 8.3 hours per day while for housework time is 4.58 and for other activities such as worship is 4.2 hours per week. Women in the research location played a dual role as breadwinners (taking care of farming tomatoes) and at the same time as housewives who have to prepare their family's needs before going to take care of tomatoes.*eprm*

This study aims to determine the circular mobility that occurs in the Sea Satu Village, Pineleng Sub-district of Minahasa Regency, based on several aspects. The data needed to answer for the objectives is primary data and secondary data. Data were collected from direct interviews with respondents, as well as other data taken directly at the Village Head Office. The data were analyzed descriptively and described based on aspects related to circular mobility in this Sea Satu Village. The characteristics of circular mobility practitioners in Desa Sea Satu Village are due to aspects of age, gender, number of family members, education level, occupation type (TNI/POLRI), civil servant, private employee, entrepreneur, Honorer, Craftman, Driver and Ojek) , the number of dependents. The incentive factors are the types of transportation, mileage, and the towing factors are the status of home ownership, and the cost of living.*jnkd*.

This study aims to describe the prevailing sijon system in clove farming in Raanan Baru Village, West Motoling Subdistrict. This research was conducted for 3 (three) months starting from the preparation phase until the preparation of the report that is since December 2017 s / d February 2018. The data used in this study is primary data which is research data obtained directly from the farmers as respondents and data secondary data which is a research data obtained indirectly through agency information or documents relating to this research and village data. Sampling method in this study using purposive sampling method, meaning that researchers determine their own samples taken because there are certain considerations. Data Analysis Method in this research is processed by using descriptive analysis and then Analysis This data is processed / presented in written form and table. The process of bond transfers in Raanan Baru Village has been going on for generations and has even taken root in the village community itself. From the results of case studies encountered in the field stated that the transaction system of ijon that occurred in Raanan Baru Village, West Motoling Subdistrict of South Minahasa Regency is done on the basis of both parties have agreed and have good intention to do the transaction of debt by only having mutual trust with each other.

This study aims to determine the amount of income from farming cocoa farmers in the village of Tikong, Sub-district of North Taliabu, Sula Islands District. Data analysis method used is the analysis of cost, revenue and income. The results showed that the income of cocoa farmers which have land area of 0.5 to 1,5 Ha is Rp 2,392,749 and income of cocoa farmers who have land area of > 1.5 to 2 hectares is Rp 2,766,69 . In an effort to increase the income of the farming activities of cocoa, farmers in the village of Tikong were trying to increase the production and the size of the land. in order to increase their income.

This study aims to what extent the community involvement in the development of agricultural road infrastructure through the PNPM-PPIP program. This study lasted for 3 months from September until November 2017. The research location is in Kini Village, Hilipuk Sub-District, Yahukimo Regency. The type of data were collected in this research is primary data and secondary data. Selection of the sample used purposive sampling method. The number of respondents is 20 people who are Community Leaders in the implementation of Local Community Organization (CSO) activities. The analysis technique used in this research is qualitative descriptive. The results showed that community participation in the development of agricultural road infrastructure in Kini Village is in the medium category. Because of the three stages of infrastructure development, only the maintenance phase is the stage that involves the most participation of the community while the planning stage and the implementation stage there is no participation from the community. Community involvement in the maintenance phase because at this stage the community has felt the result of the development of agricultural road access infrastructure.

This research aims to increasing understanding regarding the community’s income and level of welfare after the implementation of ecotourism in Bahoi village, Likupang Sub-district, North Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted in 4 months, from May to August 2015. Primary and secondary data was used, and data was collected through interviews. The sampling method used was Purposive Sampling that selected 16 respondents (10%) as the sample, representing of total 160 families that reside in Bahoi village. Analysis shows that ecotourism in Bahoi plays an important role in community life because local community can feels its impact, both directly and indirectly, such as getting additional income, knowledge and experience. Based on this research it can be concluded that ecotourism activities in Bahoi plays a role in increasing the locals' income both directly and indirectly, and ecotourism activities has a positive impact on the welfare of the community and is expected to increase community welfare in Bahoi in general.

The research objective was to assess community participation in each phase of activity in the PNPM Urban at Kleak Village, Malalayang District of Manado City. The method used is qualitative method, which examines the public participation at every stage and sustainability of PNPM Urban. Informants in this study amounted to 5 people on the basis that they can represent the object under study, consisting of: Head of the village, the board of the Institute for Community Empowerment (LPM), Community Self-Supporting Agency, Project Management Team / TPK PNPM Mandiri, and community members. The results showed that people at KleakVillage participated in the implementation of each phase of activity PNPM. It is shown from the community who donated labor, materials and equipment to build their physical environment, but in contributing to the fund are indeed not all community memberwho voluntarily donate. The research conclude that in the process of planning the activities of the National Program for Community Empowerment (PNPM Urban Selfhelp) community in the Kleak Village, had participated fairly well. Kleak Village communities already participating in the implementation of PNPM it is seen from the community who donated labor, materials and equipment to build their physical environment, but in contributing to the fund are indeed some who voluntarily contribute.

This study aims to determine the social mobility of female workers in Tara-tara Dua Village, Tomohon City. The research was conducted for 4 months, from February until May 2017. The data collected in this research are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from interview to the respondents’ ie female labor based on the prepared list of question. Secondary data obtained by Tara-tara Dua Village Office, Tomohon City. Analysis of data used in this research is Descriptive Analysis, where the data collected will be presented in tabular form. The results show that upward vertical social mobility on the type of housekeeper's job is to be a cake seller, food seller, selling rice, stall owner. When viewed from the previous occupation as rice farmers there is a vertical mobility that upward mobility with the supporting income and the more promising types of jobs as household servants, cooperative employees, stall owners, State Civil Servants (ASN), vegetable traders in the market, village equipment, and rice sellers.

This study aims to (1) find out the factors that affect the occurrence of labor migration in the village Tatelu, Dimembe Sub-district, North Minahasa Regency, (2) to know the socio-economic background of labor migration from agriculture to non agricultural. (3) to know whether after changing the expectation of labor is realized. This study was conducted from February to April 2016 in Tatelu Village, Dimembe District, North Minahasa Regency. Data collections have used survey method. Techniques of collecting data through interviews used a questionnaire. Sources of data in this study were labor migrants who moved from agriculture to non-agricultural sectors. Secondary data is obtained from Tatelu Village office government. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The variables measured in this study were (1) Revenue, (2) Education level, (3) Area of agricultural land, (4) Occupational conditions in non-agricultural, (5) Reasons for labor migration, (7) Number of dependents, (8) Social activities that are usually followed by labor in the village. Data Analysis Method used Primary data obtained is processed descriptively. The results showed (1) the factors that encourage the migration of labor from agriculture to non-agriculture namely; reduced agricultural land, low wages in agriculture, age, and non-farm employment are more promising, (2) Most of the respondents who follow social activities in the village of Tatelu such as harmonious because in addition to beneficial for the respondent can also strengthen the rope fraternity among members of the rukun. By participating in the rukun in the village, the respondent must have more income because they have to spend money in every meeting that is always held. (3) After migrating from agriculture to non-agricultural sector, all expectation of interviewed respondents is realized because besides earning big enough they also feel comfortable working in non-agricultural sector.