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156 results on '"Jean Loup Guyot"'

1. Study of the variability in suspended sediment discharge at Manacapuru, Amazon River, Brazil

Author

Naziano Filizola, Frederique Seyler, Maria Helena Mourão, Warley Arruda, Nikolas Spínola, and Jean Loup Guyot

Subjects
Suspended sediments, Acoustic Doppler Profiler, Amazon River, Geology, QE1-996.5, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

The Manacapuru hydrometric gauge station has been used for more than 30 years by the Brazilian National hydrometric network to provide data on the Solimões-Amazon River. At this place, the Solimões river average water discharge is about 103,000 m³ s-1, the mean width is 3,000 m and the mean depth is 20 m. The gauge station record represents the whole upstream contribution of the total suspended solids (TSS) from the Solimões basin, whose total area is approximately 2 x 106 km2, representing a runoff of 0.48 m³ s-1 km-2. TSS annual flow is approximately 400 x 106 t. The systematic TSS sampling procedures traditionally used at the Brazilian hydrometric network has limitations, some of them being related to local effects affecting the TSS flow. This article aims to study the local variability of TSS flow at Manacapuru station. The study was conducted in the scope of MESASOL and PIATAM IV projects, whose objectives are precisely to consider alternative methods for TSS flow assessment in the Amazon basin. It was identified that local geologic-geomorphologic features are related with the TSS flux spatial variability at the vicinity of the Manacapuru section. This results induce a new interpretation to the general sediment flux for the Solimões river basin, were local flux can’t be see as a total flux from the hole up-stream river basin.

Published
2021

2. Study of the variability in suspended sediment discharge at Manacapuru, Amazon River, Brazil

Author

Naziano Filizola, Frederique Seyler, Maria Helena Mourão, Warley Arruda, Nikolas Spínola, and Jean Loup Guyot

Subjects
Sedimentos em suspensão, Perfilador Acústico de Corrente, Rio Amazonas, Suspended sediments, Acoustic Doppler Profiler, Amazon River, Geology, QE1-996.5, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

The Manacapuru hydrometric gauge station has been used for more than 30 years by the Brazilian National hydrometric network to provide data on the Solimões- Amazon River. At this place, the Solimões river average water discharge is about 103,000 m³ s-1, the mean width is 3,000 m and the mean depth is 20 m. The gauge station record represents the whole upstream contribution of the total suspended solids (TSS) from the Solimões basin, whose total area is approximately 2 x 10(6) km², representing a runoff of 0.48 m³ s-1 km-2. TSS annual flow is approximately 400 x 10(6) t. The systematic TSS sampling procedures traditionally used at the Brazilian hydrometric network has limitations, some of them being related to local effects affecting the TSS flow. This article aims to study the local variability of TSS flow at Manacapuru station. The study was conducted in the scope of MESASOL and PIATAM IV projects, whose objectives are precisely to consider alternative methods for TSS flow assessment in the Amazon basin. It was identified that local geologic-geomorphologic features are related with the TSS flux spatial variability at the vicinity of the Manacapuru section. This results induce a new interpretation to the general sediment flux for the Solimões river basin, were local flux can’t be see as a total flux from the hole up-stream river basin.A estação hidrométrica de Manacapuru é uma localidade utilizada há mais de 30 anos na rede hidrométrica brasileira. Esta estação, cuja seção transversal sobre o Rio Solimões, tem em média: 3000 metros de largura e 20 metros de profundidade, controla praticamente a totalidade das contribuições das MES (Material Em Suspensão) oriundos da bacia do Rio Solimões, cuja área total é de aproximadamente 2 milhões de km², a descarga líquida média é de 103.000 m³ s-1, ou 48 l s-1 km-2. O fluxo médio total anual de MES é de aproximadamente 400 x 10(6) toneladas. A sistemática tradicional de amostragem de material em suspensão (MES) tem limitações quanto a avaliar efeitos locais nesse fluxo. O presente artigo pretende apresentar alguns fenômenos locais que de algum modo interferem no fluxo local de MES do Rio Solimões em Manacapuru. O estudo foi realizado no escopo do Projeto MESASOL e PIATAM IV, projetos que têm investigado métodos alternativos de avaliação do fluxo de MES na bacia Amazônica na busca de melhorar a precisão e diminuir os custos operacionais na aquisição de dados hidrológicos. Os resultados indicam que as características geológicas e geomorfológicas locais influenciam no fluxo de MES, com grande variabilidade espacial em superfície na vizinhança da seção de Manacapuru. Isso resulta induzir uma nova interpretação para o fluxo de sedimentos na bacia do rio Solimões, onde os fluxos locais não podem ser diretamente interpretados como da bacia de montante.

Published
2009

3. Los chachapoya de la región de Soloco: Chaquil, del sitio de hábitat a la cueva funeraria

Author

Olivier Fabre, Jean Loup Guyot, Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi, Manuel Malaver Pizarro, and Ermanno Maniero

Subjects
Peru, archaeology, Chachapoya, ceja de selva, Chaquil, Caving, Latin America. Spanish America, F1201-3799, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

The region of Soloco, located in the North of the Peruvian ceja de selva, was occupied between 800 ac. J.-C. and 1470 ac. J.-C. by a population belonging to the tradition chachapoya. Among the various pre-Hispanic establishments, strewing the archaeological landscape, the site of Chaquil is located near the eponymous cave of Chaquil. Various archaeological and caving missions, aiming at investigating and mapping the subterranean networks of the Soloco area, allowed to bring to light the presence of numerous human bones inside this cave which give evidence of the pre-Hispanic use of caves as place of burial.

Published
2008
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4. The extreme 2014 flood in south-western Amazon basin: the role of tropical-subtropical South Atlantic SST gradient

Author

Jhan Carlo Espinoza, José Antonio Marengo, Josyane Ronchail, Jorge Molina Carpio, Luís Noriega Flores, and Jean Loup Guyot

Subjects
extreme flood, Amazon basin, Madeira river, Bolivian Amazon, Brazilian Amazon, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Unprecedented wet conditions are reported in the 2014 summer (December–March) in South-western Amazon, with rainfall about 100% above normal. Discharge in the Madeira River (the main southern Amazon tributary) has been 74% higher than normal (58 000 m ^3 s ^−1 ) at Porto Velho and 380% (25 000 m ^3 s ^−1 ) at Rurrenabaque, at the exit of the Andes in summer, while levels of the Rio Negro at Manaus were 29.47 m in June 2014, corresponding to the fifth highest record during the 113 years record of the Rio Negro. While previous floods in Amazonia have been related to La Niña and/or warmer than normal tropical South Atlantic, the 2014 rainfall and flood anomalies are associated with warm condition in the western Pacific-Indian Ocean and with an exceptionally warm Subtropical South Atlantic. Our results suggest that the tropical and subtropical South Atlantic SST gradient is a main driver for moisture transport from the Atlantic toward south-western Amazon, and this became exceptionally intense during summer of 2014.

Published
2014
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5. Study of the variability in suspended sediment discharge at Manacapuru, Amazon River, Brazil

Author

Naziano Filizola, Frederique Seyler, Maria Helena Mourão, Warley Arruda, Nikolas Spínola, and Jean Loup Guyot

Subjects
suspended sediments, acoustic doppler profiler, amazon river, Geology, QE1-996.5, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

The Manacapuru hydrometric gauge station has been used for more than 30 years by the Brazilian National hydrometric network to provide data on the Solimões- Amazon River. At this place, the Solimões river average water discharge is about 103,000 m³ s-1, the mean width is 3,000 m and the mean depth is 20 m. The gauge station record represents the whole upstream contribution of the total suspended solids (TSS) from the Solimões basin, whose total area is approximately 2 x 10(6) km², representing a runoff of 0.48 m³ s-1 km-2. TSS annual flow is approximately 400 x 10(6) t. The systematic TSS sampling procedures traditionally used at the Brazilian hydrometric network has limitations, some of them being related to local effects affecting the TSS flow. This article aims to study the local variability of TSS flow at Manacapuru station. The study was conducted in the scope of MESASOL and PIATAM IV projects, whose objectives are precisely to consider alternative methods for TSS flow assessment in the Amazon basin. It was identified that local geologic-geomorphologic features are related with the TSS flux spatial variability at the vicinity of the Manacapuru section. This results induce a new interpretation to the general sediment flux for the Solimões river basin, were local flux can’t be see as a total flux from the hole up-stream river basin.

6. Fluxo de sedimentos em suspensão nos rios da Amazônia

Author

Naziano Filizola and Jean Loup Guyot

Subjects
sediments, hidrologia, Amazon, rivers, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Resumo: A Bacia Amazônica se estende por mais de 6 106 km2, e aporta ao Oceano Atlântico um volume d’água da ordem de 6.600 109 m3.ano-1. Cerca de 50% da bacia corresponde aos terrenos pré-cambrianos dos escudos (Guianas e do Brasil Central), 12% à cadeia andina e o restante corresponde à planíciefluvial amazônica. Resultado da erosão dos Andes os sedimentos são transportados até o Oceano Atlântico através dos rios, principalmente. Estudos relativos a este tipo de estudo na Bacia Amazônica são raros, muitos dos quais concentrados na porção central da planície de inundação. Assim, o presente artigo apresenta resultados obtidos a partir de dados de campo, fruto de coletas realizadas em algumas estações de referência nos principais rios da bacia, bem como dados coletados em campanhas de campo realizadas em todo o contexto da região. A distribuição da Matéria Em Suspensão (MES) é descrita sob diferentes abordagens e condições hidrológicas em contraste com estudos anteriores que indicam diferentes valores de fluxo de MES. O regime hidrossedimentométrico dos principais tributários do Rio Amazonas é analisado de maneira cruzada, a partir de diferentes bases de dados disponíveis: campanhas de campo, estações de referência e redes nacionais de coleta de dados hidrometeorológicos. Esses diferentes tipos de abordagem vêm de fontes distintas, tanto de amostragem como de processamento das amostras, e também dos dados (Cálculos de fluxo). Os fluxos de sedimentos em suspensão advindos através dos rios oriundos dos escudos pré-cambrianos que compõem parte da morfoestrutura da Bacia Amazônica, até então pouco conhecidos, são apresentados. Por fim, o fluxo total de material em suspensão exportado pelo Amazonas é aqui estimado, a partir dessas bases, entre 600 e 800 106 t.ano-1.

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7. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OVIPOSITION OF Podocnemis unifilis AND WATER LEVEL IN PERUVIAN AMAZONIAN FLOODPLAINS

Author

Claudia Véliz Rosas, Patricia Moreira-Turcq, Gerard Cochonneau, William Santini, and Jean Loup Guyot

Abstract

In the Amazon floodplains, hydrological variability plays a crucial role by shaping the habitat, offering shelter and feeding or breeding areas. During the dry season, some fresh water turtles such as the yellow-spotted turtle (Podocnemis unifilis Troschel, 1848) use the sand banks at point bar areas as breeding sites, which must be available in time for the start of oviposition. In this study, we used altimetry-derived water level data from radar satellites combined with in-situ hydrological measurements to evaluate water level variations and relate them to oviposition starting dates (2003-2012) from Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, Peru. Synchronous hydrological behavior was found between the major river stems (Ucayali and Marañon) and the inner rivers (Pacaya and Samiria), thus enabling the utilization of water level in the main river stem to correlate with oviposition in the inner rivers. Mean oviposition date was July 23nd with selection of a narrow water level range (92 masl ± 0.9 SD). Consistent shifts towards early/late oviposition were found for years with early/late dry season onset. Extreme biological shifts in terms of oviposition date onset, were identified for specific years (2004, 2010 and 2011) mainly for the extreme dry year of 2010.

Published
2022
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8. Spatial-temporal variation of dissolved inorganic material in the Amazon basin

Author

Liz Stefanny Hidalgo SÁNCHEZ, Adriana Maria Coimbra HORBE, Jean-Sébastien MOQUET, Francis SONDAG, and Jean-Loup GUYOT

Subjects
weathering, hydrochemistry fluxes, theoretical dilution, hydroclimatology, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

The Amazon River basin is important in the contribution of dissolved material to oceans (4% worldwide). The aim of this work was to study the spatial and the temporal variability of dissolved inorganic materials in the main rivers of the Amazon basin. Data from 2003 to 2011 from six gauging stations of the ORE-HYBAM localized in Solimões, Purus, Madeira and Amazon rivers were used for this study. The concentrations of Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO4 -2, HCO3 - and SiO2 were analyzed. At the stations of Solimões and Amazon rivers, the concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3 - and SO4 -2 had heterogeneous distribution over the years and did not show seasonality. At the stations of Madeira river, the concentration of these ions had seasonality inversely proportional to water discharge (dilution-concentration effect). Similar behavior was observed for the concentrations of Cl- and Na+ at the stations of the Solimões, Amazon and Madeira rivers, indicating almost constant release of Cl- and Na+ fluxes during the hydrological cycle. K+ and SiO2 showed almost constant concentrations throughout the years and all the stations, indicating that their flows depend on the river discharge variation. Therefore, the temporal variability of the dissolved inorganic material fluxes in the Solimões and Amazon rivers depends on the hydro-climatic factor and on the heterogeneity of the sources. In the Madeira and Purus rivers there is less influence of these factors, indicating that dissolved load fluxes are mainly associated to silicates weathering. As the Solimões basin contributes approximately 84% of the total flux of dissolved materials in the basin and is mainly under the influence of a hydro-climatic factor, we conclude that the temporal variability of this factor controls the temporal variability of the dissolved material fluxes of the Amazon basin.

Published
2015
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10. First record of OSL‐dated fluvial sands in a tropical Andean cave reveals rapid late Quaternary tectonic uplift

Author

Jean-Loup Guyot, W. Viveen, Jorge Sanjurjo-Sánchez, Patrice Baby, Juan Carlos Villegas‐Lanza, Antony Dosseto, James Apaéstegui, and Jean‐Yves Bigot

Subjects
geography, Paleontology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Tectonic uplift, Cave, Fluvial, Geology, Quaternary
Abstract

We present the first results of OSL-dated fluvial sands extracted from a riverside cave in the tropical Andes. The excellent agreement between the ages of the various samples allowed the calculation of a late Quaternary valley incision rate forced by ongoing uplift of an active Subandean fault-propagation fold in NE Peru. A structural cross-section was constructed to understand the relationship between the geometry of the fault-propagation fold, historical damaging earthquakes and the cave system. The calculated uplift rate is 2.3 to 2.6 mm a(-1) over the past 70 ka and can be directly linked to active propagation of west-verging basement thrusts. It is similar to uplift rates calculated from fluvial terraces in the Subandes of Colombia and Venezuela. The results will help to better assess the seismic hazard and confirm that OSL dating of fluvial sands in caves is a powerful tool to quantify uplift rates of active mountain fronts.

Published
2020
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12. Global karst springs hydrograph dataset for research and management of the world’s fastest-flowing groundwater

Author

Tunde Olarinoye, Tom Gleeson, Vera Marx, Stefan Seeger, Rouhollah Adinehvand, Vincenzo Allocca, Bartolome Andreo, James Apaéstegui, Christophe Apolit, Bruno Arfib, Augusto Auler, Juan Antonio Barberá, Christelle Batiot-Guilhe, Timothy Bechtel, Stephane Binet, Daniel Bittner, Matej Blatnik, Terry Bolger, Pascal Brunet, Jean-Baptiste Charlier, Zhao Chen, Gabriele Chiogna, Gemma Coxon, Pantaleone De Vita, Joanna Doummar, Jannis Epting, Matthieu Fournier, Nico Goldscheider, John Gunn, Fang Guo, Jean Loup Guyot, Nicholas Howden, Peter Huggenberger, Brian Hunt, Pierre-Yves Jeannin, Guanghui Jiang, Greg Jones, Herve Jourde, Ivo Karmann, Oliver Koit, Jannes Kordilla, David Labat, Bernard Ladouche, Isabella Serena Liso, Zaihua Liu, Nicolas Massei, Naomi Mazzilli, Matías Mudarra, Mario Parise, Junbing Pu, Nataša Ravbar, Liz Hidalgo Sanchez, Antonio Santo, Martin Sauter, Vianney Sivelle, Rannveig Øvrevik Skoglund, Zoran Stevanovic, Cameron Wood, Stephen Worthington, Andreas Hartmann, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Department of Anthropology [University of Victoria], University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Shiraz University (Shiraz University ), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, centro de hidrogeologia, Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Carste Consultores Associados, Rua Aquiles Lobo, 297 – Floresta – Belo Horizonte – MG – CEP, 30150-160, Brazil, Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Fudan University [Shanghai], Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Applied Geosciences, Division of Hydrogeology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Environmental Sciences [Basel], University of Basel (Unibas), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Institute for Speleology and Karstology (SISKA), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum Göttingen (GZG), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, KARST observatory network (www.sokarst.org) initiative from the INSU/CNRS, University of Naples Federico II, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centro de hidrogeologia, Universidad Malaga, Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga]-Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Georg-August-University [Göttingen]

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Water resources, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.09 [http], Geography & travel, Library and Information Sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.00 [http], purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.11 [http], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], lcsh:Q, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Hydrology, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Groundwater, Information Systems, ddc:910
Abstract

(IF 6.44; Q1); International audience; Karst aquifers provide drinking water for 10% of the world’s population, support agriculture, groundwater-dependent activities, and ecosystems. These aquifers are characterised by complex groundwater-flow systems, hence, they are extremely vulnerable and protecting them requires an in-depth understanding of the systems. Poor data accessibility has limited advances in karst research and realistic representation of karst processes in large-scale hydrological studies. In this study, we present World Karst Spring hydrograph (WoKaS) database, a community-wide effort to improve data accessibility. WoKaS is the first global karst springs discharge database with over 400 spring observations collected from articles, hydrological databases and researchers. The dataset’s coverage compares to the global distribution of carbonate rocks with some bias towards the latitudes of more developed countries. WoKaS database will ensure easy access to a large-sample of good quality datasets suitable for a wide range of applications: comparative studies, trend analysis and model evaluation. This database will largely contribute to research advancement in karst hydrology, supports karst groundwater management, and promotes international and interdisciplinary collaborations.

Published
2020
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13. Author Correction: Global karst springs hydrograph dataset for research and management of the world’s fastest-flowing groundwater

Author

Brian P. V. Hunt, Vianney Sivelle, Matej Blatnik, Junbing Pu, Cameron Wood, Stephen Worthington, Bartolomé Andreo, Christelle Batiot-Guilhe, Jean-Baptiste Charlier, Nataša Ravbar, Oliver Koit, Zoran Stevanović, Andreas Hartmann, Antonio Santo, Mario Parise, Bernard Ladouche, Zaihua Liu, Peter Huggenberger, Joanna Doummar, Vincenzo Allocca, Perrine Fleury, Jean-Christophe Maréchal, Jannis Epting, Fang Guo, Liz Stefanny Hidalgo Sánchez, Nicolas Massei, Pantaleone De Vita, Naomi Mazzilli, Nicholas J K Howden, Matías Mudarra, Martin Sauter, Ivo Karmann, Matthieu Fournier, Rouhollah Adinehvand, Tunde Olarinoye, Jannes Kordilla, Vera Marx, Augusto S. Auler, Greg Jones, Jean-Luc Seidel, Juan Antonio Barberá, Gabriele Chiogna, Daniel Bittner, Zhao Chen, Nico Goldscheider, Pierre-Yves Jeannin, Stéphane Binet, Timothy Bechtel, Rannveig Øvrevik Skoglund, Jean-Loup Guyot, Gemma Coxon, Tom Gleeson, Stefan Seeger, Pascal Brunet, Hervé Jourde, Bruno Arfib, David Labat, Terry Bolger, Isabella Serena Liso, John Gunn, Guanghui Jiang, Christophe Apolit, James Apaéstegui, and Vincent Bailly-Comte

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Hydrology, Data Descriptor, Water resources, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Published Erratum, Hydrograph, Library and Information Sciences, Karst, Computer Science Applications, Education, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, lcsh:Science, Groundwater, Information Systems
Abstract

Karst aquifers provide drinking water for 10% of the world’s population, support agriculture, groundwater-dependent activities, and ecosystems. These aquifers are characterised by complex groundwater-flow systems, hence, they are extremely vulnerable and protecting them requires an in-depth understanding of the systems. Poor data accessibility has limited advances in karst research and realistic representation of karst processes in large-scale hydrological studies. In this study, we present World Karst Spring hydrograph (WoKaS) database, a community-wide effort to improve data accessibility. WoKaS is the first global karst springs discharge database with over 400 spring observations collected from articles, hydrological databases and researchers. The dataset’s coverage compares to the global distribution of carbonate rocks with some bias towards the latitudes of more developed countries. WoKaS database will ensure easy access to a large-sample of good quality datasets suitable for a wide range of applications: comparative studies, trend analysis and model evaluation. This database will largely contribute to research advancement in karst hydrology, supports karst groundwater management, and promotes international and interdisciplinary collaborations., Measurement(s)hydrographic feature • fluid flow rateTechnology Type(s)digital curationFactor Type(s)geographic location • yearSample Characteristic - Environmentkarst • spring • groundwater Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11336507

Published
2020
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14. Rainfall control on Amazon sediment flux: synthesis from 20 years of monitoring

Author

Jean-Loup Guyot, Pascal Fraizy, J. M. Martiinez, Jhan Carlo Espinoza, A. dos Santos, William Santini, Gérard Cochonneau, Naziano Filizola, O. Gutierrez, Raúl Espinoza-Villar, Benoît Camenen, I. Ayes, Philippe Vauchel, Alain Crave, Elisa Armijos, P. Fonseca, Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Brazilian Geological Survey - CPRM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Riverly (Riverly)

Subjects
Rainfall, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, rainfall, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, sand, Silt, 01 natural sciences, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.00 [http], discharge, Sand, Empirical model, empirical model, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 020701 environmental engineering, Flux synthesis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, General Environmental Science, Hydrology, silt, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.09 [http], Amazon rainforest, Amazon River, Sediment, Geology, 15. Life on land, Suspended sediment flux, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), 6. Clean water, Environmental science, Discharge, suspended sedimentflux, Food Science
Abstract

The biodiversity and productivity of the Amazon floodplain depend on nutrients and organic matter transported with suspended sediments. Nevertheless, there are still fundamental unknowns about how hydrological and rainfall variability influence sediment flux in the Amazon River. To address this gap, we analyzed 3069 sediment samples collected every 10 days during 1995–2014 at five gauging stations located in the main rivers. We have two distinct fractions of suspended sediments, fine (clay and silt) and coarse (sand), which followed contrasting seasonal and long-term patterns. By taking these dynamics into account, it was estimated, for first time, in the Amazon plain, that the suspended sediment flux separately measured approximately 60% fine and 40% coarse sediment. We find that the fine suspended sediments flux is linked to rainfall and higher coarse suspended sediment flux is related with discharge. Additionally this work presents the time lag between rainfall and discharge, which is related to the upstream area of the gauging. This result is an important contribution to knowledge of biological and geomorphological issues in Amazon basin.

Published
2020
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15. Temporal variability and annual budget of inorganic dissolved matter in Andean Pacific Rivers located along a climate gradient from northern Ecuador to southern Peru

Author

Alain Crave, Francis Sondag, Pedro Rau, Jean-Michel Martinez, Jean-Loup Guyot, Sergio Morera, Casimiro Waldo Lavado, Christelle Lagane, Philippe Vauchel, Jean-Sébastien Moquet, Rodrigo Pombosa, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Pérou]), Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SENAMHI, INAMHI (INAMHI), Ministerio de Minas y Energia, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), IRD Peru, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Climate control, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Evaporite, Pacific Rivers, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Andes, Context (language use), engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.00 [http], Flux (metallurgy), Riverine dissolved budget, Pacific Coast [South America], Peru, C vs. Q relationships, Riverine, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.09 [http], Global and Planetary Change, Total dissolved solids, Dilution, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.11 [http], Oceanography, 13. Climate action, engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Ecuador, Pyrite, dissolved budget, Surface runoff, Discrete sampling
Abstract

In Ecuador and Peru, geochemical information from Pacific coastal rivers is limited and scarce. Here, we present an unedited database of major element concentrations from five HYBAM observatory stations monitored monthly between 4 and 10 years, and the discrete sampling of 23 Andean rivers distributed along the climate gradient of the Ecuadorian and Peruvian Pacific coasts. Concentration (C) vs. discharge (Q) relationships of the five monitored basins exhibit a clear dilution behavior for evaporites and/or pyrite solutes, while the solute concentrations delivered by other endmembers are less variable. Spatially, the annual specific fluxes for total dissolved solids (TDS), Ca2+, HCO3 −, K+, Mg2+, and SiO2 are controlled on the first order by runoff variability, while Cl−, Na+ and SO4 2− are controlled by the occurrence of evaporites and/or pyrite. The entire Pacific basin in Ecuador and Peru exported 30 Mt TDS·yr−1, according to a specific flux of ∼70 t·km−2·yr−1. This show that, even under low rainfall conditions, this orogenic context is more active, in terms of solute production, than the global average. Por pares We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive recommendations under the review process. This work was funded by the French “Institut de recherche pour le développement” (IRD), the French “Institut des sciences de l’univers” (INSU), and the “Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées” (OMP) through the HYBAM Observatory (Hydrogeodynamics of the Amazon basin). We especially thank Pascal Fraizy, Philippe Vauchel, Elisa Armijos, William Santini, Nore Arevalo, the SENAMHI (“Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología”, Lima, Peru), the INAMHI (“Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología”, Quito, Ecuador), the UNALM (“Universidad Nacional Agraria de La Molina”, Lima, Peru), as well as all members of the Observatory for Environmental Research HYBAM, for providing hydrological, suspended solids, and water chemistry data.

Published
2018
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16. Review of erosion dynamics along the major N-S climatic gradient in Chile and perspectives

Author

Joseph Martinod, Rodrigo Riquelme, Sébastien Carretier, Jean-Loup Guyot, Germán Aguilar, Violeta Tolorza, Mauricio A. Bermúdez, Gérard Hérail, and Vincent Regard

Subjects
Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, Sediment, Glacier, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Arid, Slope, Tectonics, Erosion, Suspended load, Submarine pipeline, Physical geography, Precipitation, Chile, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

Chile is an elongated country, running in a north-south direction for more than 30 along a subduction zone. Its climate is progressively wetter and colder from north to south. This particular geography has been used positively by a growing number of studies to better understand the relationships between erosion processes and climate, land use, slope, tectonics, volcanism, etc. Here we review the erosion rates, factors, and dynamics over millennial to daily periods reported in the literature. In addition, 21 new catchment mean erosion rates (suspended sediment and Be-10) are provided, and previous suspended sediment-derived erosion rates are updated. A total of 485 local and catchment mean erosion rates are reported. Erosion rates vary between some of the smallest values on earth (10(-5) mm/a) to moderate values 10 Ma) response time of rivers to surface uplift in north-central arid Chile. Over millennia, data provide evidence for the progressive contribution of extreme erosion events to millennial averages for drier climates, as well as the link between glacier erosion and glacier sliding velocity. In this period of time, a discrepancy exists between the long-term offshore sedimentological record and continental decennial or millennial erosion data, for which no single explanation appears. Still, little information is available concerning the magnitude of variation of millennial erosion rates. Over centuries, data show the variable role of groundwater in the dynamics of suspended load and document a decrease in erosion over hundreds of years, probably associated with historical harvesting.

Published
2018
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17. River Mixing in the Amazon as a Driver of Concentration-Discharge Relationships

Author

Naziano Filizola, Christelle Lagane, Julien Bouchez, Luis Noriega, Jean-Loup Guyot, Jean-Sébastien Moquet, Jean-Michel Martinez, Rodrigo Pombosa, Liz Stefanny Hidalgo Sánchez, and Jhan Carlo Espinoza

Subjects
Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Amazon rainforest, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Front (oceanography), Critical zone, Weathering, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, 020801 environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, Tributary, Environmental science, Mixing (physics), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Amazon basin
Abstract

Large hydrological systems aggregate compositionally different waters derived from a variety of pathways. In the case of continental-scale rivers, such aggregation occurs noticeably at confluences between tributaries. Here we explore how such aggregation can affect solute concentration-discharge (C-Q) relationships and thus obscure the message carried by these relationships in terms of weathering properties of the Critical Zone. We build up a simple model for tributary mixing to predict the behavior of C-Q relationships during aggregation. We test a set of predictions made in the context of the largest world's river, the Amazon. In particular, we predict that the C-Q relationships of the rivers draining heterogeneous catchments should be the most “dilutional” and should display the widest hysteresis loops. To check these predictions, we compute 10 day-periodicity time series of Q and major solute (Si, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Cl-, SO42-) C and fluxes (F) for 13 gauging stations located throughout the Amazon basin. In agreement with the model predictions, throughout the Amazon Basin C-Q relationships of most solutes shift from fairly a “chemostatic” behavior (nearly constant C) at the Andean mountain front and in pure lowland areas, to more “dilutional” patterns (negative C-Q relationship) towards the system mouth. More prominent C-Q hysteresis loops are also observed at the most downstream stations. Altogether, this study suggests that mixing of water and solutes between different flowpaths exerts a strong control on C-Q relationships of large-scale hydrological systems.

Published
2017
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18. Speleothem records decadal to multidecadal hydroclimate variations in southwestern Morocco during the last millennium

Author

Abdelfettah Sifeddine, Núria Pérez-Zanón, Lhoussaine Bouchaou, El Hassane Beraaouz, Jasper A. Wassenburg, Myriam Khodri, Jean-Loup Guyot, James Apaéstegui, Klaus Peter Jochum, Hai Cheng, Francisco W. Cruz, Yassine Ait Brahim, Lijuan Sha, Laboratory of Applied Geology and Geo-EnvironmentIbn Zohr University, Institute of Global Environmental Change [China] (IGEC), Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xjtu), Biogéochimie-Traceurs-Paléoclimat (BTP), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LMI 'PALEOTRACES', IRD-UFF- Univ. of Antofagasta Chile, Departamento de Geoquimica, Universidade Federal Fluminense [Rio de Janeiro] (UFF), Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Institute of Geoscience, Université de Sao Paolo, Processus de la variabilité climatique tropicale et impacts (PARVATI), Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, CLIMACTE Tripartite Cooperative Project (IRD-France/CNPq-Brazil/APGMV-Africa grant 457400/2012-9), PRIMO: IRD-CNPq project, and the German Research Foundation (DFG, WA3532/1-1), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atlantic Oscillation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, High resolution, Speleothem, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], speleothem southwestern Morocco last millennium hydroclimate changes Atlantic Oscillation Sahara Low, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, hydroclimate changes, Geochemistry and Petrology, Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Little ice age, speleothem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Anomaly (natural sciences), MUDANÇA CLIMÁTICA, Trace element, Sahara Low, southwestern Morocco, Geophysics, last millennium, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, North Atlantic oscillation, Climatology, Period (geology), Geology
Abstract

This study presents the first well-dated high resolution stable isotope ( δ 18 O and δ 13 C ) and trace element (Mg and Sr) speleothem records from southwestern Morocco covering the last 1000 yrs. Our records reveal substantial decadal to multidecadal swings between dry and humid periods, consistent with regional paleorecords with prevailing dry conditions during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), wetter conditions during the second part of the Little Ice Age (LIA), and a trend towards dry conditions during the current warm period. These coherent regional climate signals suggest common climate controls. Statistical analyses indicate that the climate of southwestern Morocco remained under the combined influence of both the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) over the last millennium. Interestingly, the generally warmer MCA and colder LIA at longer multidecadal timescales probably influenced the regional climate in North Africa through the influence on Sahara Low which weakened and strengthened the mean moisture inflow from the Atlantic Ocean during the MCA and LIA respectively.

Published
2017
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19. Control of seasonal and inter-annual rainfall distribution on the Strontium-Neodymium isotopic compositions of suspended particulate matter and implications for tracing ENSO events in the Pacific coast (Tumbes basin, Peru)

Author

Jean-Loup Guyot, Patricia Moreira-Turcq, Sergio Morera, Franck Poitrasson, Ken Takahashi, Bruno Turcq, Jhan Carlo Espinoza, Stéphanie Mounic, Jhon Orrillo-Vigo, Francis Sondag, Jean-Sébastien Moquet, Martin Roddaz, Susana Petrick, Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú, Instituto Peruano de Energía Nuclear, ANR-15-JCLI-0003,PACMEDY,PAlaeo-Constraints on Monsoon Evolution and Dynamics(2015), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)

Subjects
Wet season, Hidrología, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.10 [https], Andes, 02 engineering and technology, Structural basin, Oceanography, suspended sediments, 01 natural sciences, 23 River, Minerales, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Paleoclimatología, Paleoclimatology, Dry season, Peru, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, hydrology 24 25, River, Suspended sediments, Sedimentación, Global and Planetary Change, geography, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.09 [http], geography.geographical_feature_category, Sediment, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 15. Life on land, Sedimentary basin, Sr and Nd radiogenic isotopes, Volcanic rock, Climatología, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Geoquímica, Physical geography, Hydrology, ENSO, Pacific basin
Abstract

The geochemistry of riverine sediments exported to the oceans is important for paleo-hydro-climatic reconstruction. However, climate reconstruction requires a good understanding of the relationship between geochemistry and hydrological variability and sediment sources. In this study, we analyzed the major elements, the strontium‑neodymium radiogenic isotopes signatures (87Sr/86Sr and εNd) and the mineralogy of the suspended particulate matter (SPM) sampled monthly during two hydrologic years (2007–2008, a wet year, and 2010–2011, a normal hydrological year) upstream the Tumbes River outlet. The hydroclimate of this Ecuador-Peru binational basin is particularly sensitive to ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) events. While mineralogy (dominated by illite) and the chemical alteration index (from 75 to 82) remain almost constant along the two hydrological years, 87Sr/86Sr (0.7115 to 0.7176) and εNd (−7.8 to −1.9) signatures are particularly sensitive to discharge and SPM concentration variations. Along the hydrological year, two sources control the εNd variability: (1) volcanic rocks, which dominate during the dry season, and (2) plutonic/metamorphic sources, whose contribution increases during the wet season. This behavior is confirmed by the correlation between εNd signature and the monthly rainfall contribution from volcanic area (R = 0.58; p-value < 0.01), and also with the daily discharge at the outlet (R = -0.73; p-value < 0.01). For most of the samples, 87Sr/86Sr is less variable along the hydrological year. However, two exceptional high discharge and SPM concentration conditions sampled exhibit more radiogenic (higher) 87Sr/86Sr signatures when plutonic/metamorphic rocks derived sediments are released in sufficient quantities to notably change the SPM isotopic Sr value of the Tumbes River. Hence, this study demonstrates that 87Sr/86Sr and εNd signatures can be used as powerful proxies for paleoclimate reconstructions based on sediment core's analysis in relation with spatial rainfall distribution and intensity in Pacific sedimentary basins submitted to the diversity of ENSO events. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2020
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20. Une méthode de concentration témoin pour la mesure de la suspension

Author

William Santini, Benoît Camenen, Jérôme Le Coz, Philippe Vauchel, Jean-Loup Guyot, Waldo Lavado, Jorge Carranza, Marco A. Paredes, Jhonatan J. Pérez Arévalo, Nore Arévalo, Raul Espinoza Villar, Frédéric Julien, Jean-Michel Martinez, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), SENAMHI LIMA PER, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), SENAMHI IQUITOS PER, UNALM LIMA PER, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Tropical rivers, AMAZONE COURS D'EAU, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Index concentrations, Socioeconomic and environmental impacts, Sediment dynamics, Increasing climatic variability, Anthropic pressures
Abstract

Because increasing climatic variability and anthropic pressures have affected the sediment dynamics of large tropical rivers, long-term sediment concentration series have become crucial for understanding the related socioeconomic and environmental impacts. For operational and cost rationalization purposes, index concentrations are often sampled in the flow and used as a surrogate of the cross-sectional average concentration. However, in large rivers where suspended sands are responsible for vertical concentration gradients, this index method can induce large uncertainties in the matter fluxes. Assuming that physical laws describing the suspension of grains in turbulent flow are valid for large rivers, a simple formulation is derived to model the ratio (α) between the depth-averaged and index concentrations. The model is validated using an exceptional dataset (1330 water samples, 249 concentration profiles, 88 particle size distributions and 494 discharge measurements) that was collected between 2010 and 2017 in the Amazonian foreland. The α prediction requires the estimation of the Rouse number (P), which summarizes the balance between the suspended particle settling and the turbulent lift, weighted by the ratio of sediment to eddy diffusivity (β). Two particle size groups, fine sediments and sand, were considered to evaluate P. Discrepancies were observed between the evaluated and measured P, which were attributed to biases related to the settling and shear velocities estimations, but also to diffusivity ratios β≠1. An empirical expression taking these biases into account was then formulated to predict accurate estimates of β, then P (ΔP=±0.03) and finally α. The proposed model is a powerful tool for optimizing the concentration sampling. It allows for detailed uncertainty analysis on the average concentration derived from an index method. Finally, this model could likely be coupled with remote sensing and hydrological modeling to serve as a step toward the development of an integrated approach for assessing sediment fluxes in poorly monitored basins.

Published
2019
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21. Precipitation changes over the eastern Bolivian Andes inferred from speleothem ( δ18 O) records for the last 1400 years

Author

Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Jean-Loup Guyot, Mathias Vuille, James Apaéstegui, Jhan Carlo Espinoza, Nicolás Misailidis Stríkis, Roberto Ventura, Jens Fohlmeister, Francisco W. Cruz, Abdelfettah Sifeddine, Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), Instituto Cientifico del Agua, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), State University of New York (SUNY), Instituto de Geociências, Escola Politecnica da Universidade de Sao Paulo [Sao Paulo], Institute of Earth and Environmental Science [Potsdam], University of Potsdam, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Biogéochimie-Traceurs-Paléoclimat (BTP), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Geoquimica (DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOQUIMICA), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Departamento de Geociências-Instituto de Agronomia (DeGeo-IA), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Institute of Global Environmental Change [China] (IGEC), Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xjtu), Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, PALEOTRACES project (IRD-UFF-UANTOF), SO-HYBAM and PRIMO cooperative project (CNPq-IRD), and supported by the Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil (FAPESP grants 2011/39450394 and NASA/FAPESP through the Dimensions of Biodiversity Program grants 2012/50260-6 and 2013/50297-0 to F.W. Cruz) and also by grants 2013CB955902, CNSF41230524, US NSF grant 0502535 and 3961103404 to L. Edwards and H. Cheng, and NSF grants 1303828, 1523288 and 1743738 to M. Vuille and DFG grant FO809/4-1 to J. Fohlmeister. J. Apaéstegui and JC. Espinoza were partially funded by PNICP-Peru through the ‘N397-PNICP-PIAP-2014’ contract., Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú = Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Bolivia, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric circulation, δ18O, s MCA, stable isotopes, Speleothem, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Tropical Atlantic, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Paleoclimatology, ddc:550, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), stable isotope, Precipitation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, LIA, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Intertropical Convergence Zone, speleothems, MCA, MONÇÕES (METEOROLOGIA), Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, South American Monsoon, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Physical geography, Geology, Teleconnection
Abstract

Here we present high-resolution δ 18 O records obtained from speleothems collected in the eastern Bolivian Andes. The stable isotope records are related to the regional- to large-scale atmospheric circulation over South America and allow interpreting changes in δ 18 O during the last 1400 yr as a function of changes in precipitation regimes over the southern tropical Andes. Two distinct phases with more negative δ 18 O values, interpreted as periods of increased convective activity over the eastern Andean Cordillera in Bolivia are observed concomitantly with periods of global climate anomalies during the last millennium, such as the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA) respectively. Changes in the Bolivian δ 18 O record during the LIA are apparently related to a southward displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which acts as a main moisture driver to intensify convection over the tropical continent. During the MCA, however, the increased convective activity observed in the Bolivian record is likely the result of a different mechanism, which implies moisture sourced mainly from the southern tropical Atlantic. This interpretation is consistent with paleoclimate records further to the north in the tropical Andes that show progressively drier conditions during this time period, indicating a more northerly position of the ITCZ. The transition period between the MCA and the LIA shows a slight tendency toward increased δ 18 O values, indicating weakened convective activity. Our results also reveal a non-stationary anti-phased behavior between the δ 18 O reconstructions from Bolivia and northeastern Brazil that confirms a continental-scale east–west teleconnection across South America during the LIA.

Published
2018
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22. A test of the cosmogenic10Be(meteoric)/9Be proxy for simultaneously determining basin-wide erosion rates, denudation rates, and the degree of weathering in the Amazon basin

Author

F. von Blanckenburg, H. Roig, Jean-Loup Guyot, Laurence Maurice, Hella Wittmann, Julien Bouchez, Naziano Filizola, N. Dannhaus, Jérôme Gaillardet, and M. Christl

Subjects
Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Floodplain, Amazon rainforest, Weathering, 15. Life on land, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Sedimentary depositional environment, Geophysics, Denudation, 13. Climate action, Tributary, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Bed load
Abstract

We present an extensive investigation of a new erosion and weathering proxy derived from the 10Be(meteoric)/9Be(stable) ratio in the Amazon River basin. This new proxy combines a radioactive atmospheric flux tracer, meteoric cosmogenic 10Be, with 9Be, a trace metal released by weathering. Results show that meteoric 10Be concentrations ([10Be]) and 10Be/9Be ratios increase by >30% from the Andes to the lowlands. We can calculate floodplain transfer times of 2–30 kyr from this increase. Intriguingly however, the riverine exported flux of meteoric 10Be shows a deficit with respect to the atmospheric depositional 10Be flux. Most likely, the actual area from which the 10Be flux is being delivered into the mainstream is smaller than the basin-wide one. Despite this imbalance, denudation rates calculated from 10Be/9Be ratios from bed load, suspended sediment, and water samples from Amazon Rivers agree within a factor of 2 with published in situ 10Be denudation rates. Erosion rates calculated from meteoric [10Be], measured from depth-integrated suspended sediment samples, agree with denudation rates, suggesting that grain size-induced variations in [10Be] are minimized when using such sampling material instead of bed load. In addition, the agreement between erosion and denudation rates implies minor chemical weathering intensity in most Amazon tributaries. Indeed, the Be-specific weathering intensity, calculated from mobilized 9Be comprising reactive and dissolved fractions that are released during weathering, is constant at approximately 40% of the total denudation from the Andes across the lowlands to the Amazon mouth. Therefore, weathering in the Amazon floodplain is not detected.

Published
2015
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23. Spatial-temporal variation of dissolved inorganic material in the Amazon basin

Author

Adriana Maria Coimbra Horbe, Liz Stefanny Hidalgo Sánchez, Jean-Loup Guyot, Jean-Sébastien Moquet, and Francis Sondag

Subjects
Physics, Science (General), hydrochemistry fluxes, fluxos hidroquímicos, hidroclimatologia, Q1-390, hydroclimatology, diluição teórica, weathering, theoretical dilution, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, intemperismo, Geomorphology, Amazon basin
Abstract

The Amazon River basin is important in the contribution of dissolved material to oceans (4% worldwide). The aim of this work was to study the spatial and the temporal variability of dissolved inorganic materials in the main rivers of the Amazon basin. Data from 2003 to 2011 from six gauging stations of the ORE-HYBAM localized in Solimões, Purus, Madeira and Amazon rivers were used for this study. The concentrations of Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO4 -2, HCO3 - and SiO2 were analyzed. At the stations of Solimões and Amazon rivers, the concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3 - and SO4 -2 had heterogeneous distribution over the years and did not show seasonality. At the stations of Madeira river, the concentration of these ions had seasonality inversely proportional to water discharge (dilution-concentration effect). Similar behavior was observed for the concentrations of Cl- and Na+ at the stations of the Solimões, Amazon and Madeira rivers, indicating almost constant release of Cl- and Na+ fluxes during the hydrological cycle. K+ and SiO2 showed almost constant concentrations throughout the years and all the stations, indicating that their flows depend on the river discharge variation. Therefore, the temporal variability of the dissolved inorganic material fluxes in the Solimões and Amazon rivers depends on the hydro-climatic factor and on the heterogeneity of the sources. In the Madeira and Purus rivers there is less influence of these factors, indicating that dissolved load fluxes are mainly associated to silicates weathering. As the Solimões basin contributes approximately 84% of the total flux of dissolved materials in the basin and is mainly under the influence of a hydro-climatic factor, we conclude that the temporal variability of this factor controls the temporal variability of the dissolved material fluxes of the Amazon basin. A bacia do rio Amazonas é importante no aporte de material dissolvido para o oceano (4% a nível mundial). O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a variabilidade espaço-temporal do material inorgânico dissolvido nos principais rios da bacia Amazônica, para o qual foram utilizados dados entre 2003 e 2011 de seis estações hidrológicas do ORE-HYBAM localizadas nos rios Solimões, Purus, Madeira e Amazonas, analisados Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO4 -2, HCO3 - e SiO2. Nas estações do rio Solimões e Amazonas as concentrações de Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3 - e SO4 -2 tiveram distribuição heterogênea ao longo dos anos e não apresentaram sazonalidade. Nas estações do rio Madeira a concentração desses íons mostraram sazonalidade inversamente proporcional à vazão (efeito diluição-concentração). Comportamento similar tiveram Cl- e Na+ nas estações dos rios Solimões, Amazonas e Madeira, indicando liberação quase constante desses fluxos ao longo do ciclo hidrológico. K+ e SiO2 apresentaram concentrações quase constantes ao longo dos anos e entre as estações, indicando que seus fluxos dependem da variação da vazão. Portanto, a variação temporal do fluxo de material inorgânico dissolvido no rio Solimões e Amazonas depende do fator hidroclimatológico e da heterogeneidade das fontes. Nos rios Madeira e Purus há menor influência desses fatores, o que evidencia maior aporte dos silicatos. Como a bacia do Solimões aporta aproximadamente 84% do fluxo total de material dissolvido na bacia e está sob influência, principalmente, do fator hidroclimático, pode-se concluir que a variabilidade temporal desse fator controla a temporalidade dos fluxos do material dissolvido na bacia Amazônica.

Published
2015
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31. Cerro Blanco 2017. Expédition spéléologique franco-péruvienne du 5 août au 5 septembre 2017

Author

Lips, Bernard, Alvarado, Silvia, Romero, Carol, Reátegui, Patricio, Mitaut, Mathilde, Mick, Carola, Quispe, Manuel, Mazzilli, Naomi, Jean-Yves Bigot, Jean-Loup Guyot, Picque, Constance, Baby, Patrice, Renou, Fabien, Sánchez, Liz Stefanny Hidalgo, Ronchail, Josyane, Barreda, Sue, Lips, Josiane, Mouas, Isabelle, Pouilly, Marc, Sánchez, Homero, García, Carmen Rosa, Navas, Manuel, Águila, Erick Del, Duponchelle, Fabrice, Valenzuela, Gian Pier, Judek, Baptiste, Delahoulière, Bastien, Fillon, Camille, Tran, Camille, Perol, Martin, Duhal, Paul, Goffic, Tifenn Le, Robert, Xavier, and Vignoles, Damien

Published
2018
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32. A reassessment of the suspended sediment load in the Madeira River basin from the Andes of Peru and Bolivia to the Amazon River in Brazil, based on 10 years of data from the HYBAM monitoring programme

Author

Philippe Vauchel, Naziano Filizola, Elisa Armijos, Gérard Cochonneau, Jorge Molina, Jhan Carlo Espinoza, Oscar Fuertes, Francis Sondag, Jean-Loup Guyot, Pascal Fraizy, Eurides de Oliveira, Luis Noriega, Jean Martinez, Franck Timouk, Oscar Puita, J. Ronchail, Patrice Baby, William Santini, Jean-Sébastien Moquet, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), Servicio Nacional de Meteorologia e Hidrologia Jiron Cahuide, IRD Lima, Agencia Nacional de Águas (ANA), Instituto de Hidráulica e Hidrologia, Processus de la variabilité climatique tropicale et impacts (PARVATI), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Floodplain, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Drainage basin, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 02 engineering and technology, Madeira River, 01 natural sciences, Streamflow, Tributary, Erosion sedimentation denudation, Sedimentary budget, Andes erosion rate, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Amazon rainforest, Sediment, 15. Life on land, Sedimentation, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, Suspended sediment load, Annual fluxes, Amazon basin, Geology
Abstract

The Madeira River is the second largest tributary of the Amazon River. It contributes approximately 13% of the Amazon River flow and it may contribute up to 50% of its sediment discharge to the Atlantic Ocean. Until now, the suspended sediment load of the Madeira River was not well known and was estimated in a broad range from 240 to 715 Mt yr −1 . Since 2002, the HYBAM international network developed a new monitoring programme specially designed to provide more reliable data than in previous intents. It is based on the continuous monitoring of a set of 11 gauging stations in the Madeira River watershed from the Andes piedmont to the confluence with the Amazon River, and discrete sampling of the suspended sediment concentration every 7 or 10 days. This paper presents the results of the suspended sediment data obtained in the Madeira drainage basin during 2002–2011. The Madeira River suspended sediment load is estimated at 430 Mt yr −1 near its confluence with the Amazon River. The average production of the Madeira River Andean catchment is estimated at 640 Mt yr −1 (±30%), the corresponding sediment yield for the Andes is estimated at 3000 t km −2 yr −1 (±30%), and the average denudation rate is estimated at 1.20 mm yr −1 (±30%). Contrary to previous results that had mentioned high sedimentation rates in the Beni River floodplain, we detected no measurable sedimentation process in this part of the basin. On the Mamore River basin, we observed heavy sediment deposition of approximately 210 Mt yr −1 that seem to confirm previous studies. But while these studies mentioned heavy sedimentation in the floodplain, we showed that sediment deposition occurred mainly in the Andean piedmont and immediate foreland in rivers (Parapeti, Grande, Pirai, Yapacani, Chimore, Chapare, Secure, Maniqui) with discharges that are not sufficiently large to transport their sediment load downstream in the lowlands.

Published
2017
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33. Hydroclimate variability of the northwestern Amazon Basin near the Andean foothills of Peru related to the South American Monsoon System during the last 1600 years

Author

Myriam Khodri, Jean-Loup Guyot, Roberto Ventura Santos, Mathias Vuille, Abdelfettah Sifeddine, Jhan Carlo Espinoza, Nicolás Misailidis Stríkis, Francisco W. Cruz, James Apaéstegui, L. R. Edwards, Hai Cheng, E. Carvalho, William Santini, Instituto Geofisico del Peru, Instituto Geofísico del Perú, LMI 'PALEOTRACES', IRD-UFF- Univ. of Antofagasta Chile, Fluminense Federal University [Niterói], Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Biogéochimie-Traceurs-Paléoclimat (BTP), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University at Albany [SUNY], State University of New York (SUNY), Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Processus de la variabilité climatique tropicale et impacts (PARVATI), Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xjtu), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
Monsoon, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hydrometeorology, Stratigraphy, Climate, lcsh:Environmental protection, Speleothem, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Proxy (climate), purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.00 [http], Cave, lcsh:Environmental pollution, Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, Foothills, lcsh:TD169-171.8, Paleoclimatology, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Climatology, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, geography, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.09 [http], geography.geographical_feature_category, PALEOCLIMATOLOGIA, Northern Hemisphere, Paleontology, Atmospheric precipitation, Speleothems, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.11 [http], purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.10 [http], 13. Climate action, South american, lcsh:TD172-193.5
Abstract

International audience; In this paper we explore a speleothem δ18O record from Palestina cave, northwestern Peru, at a site on the eastern side of the Andes cordillera, in the upper Amazon Basin. The δ18O record is interpreted as a proxy for South American Summer Monsoon (SASM) intensity and allows the reconstruction of its variability during the last 1600 years. Two periods of anomalous changes in the climate mean state corresponding to the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA) periods identified in the Northern Hemisphere are recognized in the record, in which decreased and increased SASM activity, respectively, have been documented. Variations in SASM activity between the MCA and the LIA seem to be larger over the northern part of the continent, suggesting a latitudinal dependence of the MCA footprint. Our results, based on time series, composite and wavelet analyses, suggest that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) plays an relevant role for SASM modulation on multidecadal scales (∼65 years), especially during dry periods such as the MCA. Composite analyses, applied to evaluate the influence of the AMO on the Palestina cave δ18O and other δ18O-derived SASM reconstructions, allow insight into the spatial footprints of the AMO over tropical South America and highlight differences between records during key studied periods. This work also reveals that replicating regional climate signals from different sites, and using different proxies is absolutely essential for a comprehensive understanding of past changes in SASM activity.

Published
2014
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34. Cl and Na Fluxes in an Andean Foreland Basin of the Peruvian Amazon: An Anthropogenic Impact Evidence

Author

Alain Crave, Jérôme Viers, Waldo Lavado-Casimiro, Jean-Sébastien Moquet, Jean-Loup Guyot, Laurence Maurice, Christelle Lagane, Nore Arevalo, Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie (LMTG), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP)

Subjects
Watershed, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Anthropogenic impact, Drainage basin, Dissolved load, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Andes, Context (language use), Oil extraction, 010501 environmental sciences, Structural basin, 01 natural sciences, Amazonia, NaCl, Geochemistry and Petrology, Peru, Extracción de Petróleo, Contaminación de Petróleo, Factor Antropogénico, Foreland basin, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Discharge, Amazon rainforest, 15. Life on land, Petróleo Mineral, Cuencas, Deep water, Geophysics, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.11 [https], 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Aguas Minerales, Amazon basin, Hidrocarburos Aromáticos
Abstract

The dissolved load of the Amazon River is generally considered to be lowlyimpacted by anthropogenic activities. In this work, based on the chemical and hydrologicaldatabase of the Environmental Research Observatory—HYBAM (http://www.ore-hybam.org), we explore the importance of the Peruvian Foreland petroleum activity on the dis-solved Na and Cl fluxes of the Amazon River. The main result of this study allows ussuggesting that oil extraction activity, concentrated in the El Tigre River basin, a small foreland watershed in the Peruvian Amazon, influenced drastically the Na and Cl expor-tation of the Amazon River during the 2006–2007 period. During these years, the dis-solved exportations of this basin represented almost 20 % of the annual dissolved ClAmazon flux and almost 12 % of the annual dissolved Na Amazon flux for a mean annualdischarge\1 % of the Amazon River discharge. Since the last decades, the anthropogenicactivities are increasing over the whole Amazon basin, especially in Andean countries. Inthis context, our results demonstrate that extractive activity cannot be considered asnegligible on the hydro-chemistry of the Amazonian Rivers especially for the weatheringbudget estimation based on river-dissolved loads. Moreover, Cl and Na can be used to tracethe formation waters derived from oil extraction at a large spatial scale. The environmentalimpacts of contaminants associated with deep water released to the hydrosystem (poly-cyclic aromatics hydrocarbons, metallic trace elements, etc.) at local and regional scalesare still underestimated and should be monitored to map their local and regional influenceand to prevent their risks on human health.

Published
2014
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35. Was the 2009 flood the most hazardous or the largest ever recorded in the Amazon?

Author

Edgardo Manuel Latrubesse, Naziano Filizola, Jean-Loup Guyot, Pascal Fraizy, Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de Souza, and V. Guimaraes

Subjects
Water discharge, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Floodplain, Flood myth, Amazon rainforest, Hazards, Amazon River, Obidos, Flood, Environmental modeling, Hazardous waste, Tributary, Stage (hydrology), Geology, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

Floods are fundamental components of Amazon nature and culture. The large flood of 2009, however, opened a new perspective on hazards and disasters in the Amazon basin. More than 238,000 residents from 38 municipalities were affected by floods along the Amazon River and lower reaches of its tributaries. Never before has a flood in the Amazon produced such a dramatic effect on the local population. The magnitude of the disaster suggested it was the largest recorded Amazon flood since the beginning of measurements in 1928 at Obidos and that it could represent the largest recorded flood on Earth. A complex combination of atmospheric and hydrologic factors made the 2009 Amazon flood the most hazardous. It was the result of large scale and regional climatic events, non-typical mechanisms of flood transmission generating complex inter-relations in time and space between the main system and the tributaries, and recent urban growth of riverine cities without adequate planning. Our measurements at Obidos, however, indicate that the 2009 flood was the highest recorded Amazon stage, but most likely not the largest water discharge. We propose as well that the magnitude of the Amazon floods at Obidos has been overestimated for decades and that the available values of flood discharge have been a source of error for a multidisciplinary set of scientists developing climate and environmental modeling.

Published
2014
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36. Iron isotope composition of the bulk waters and sediments from the Amazon River Basin

Author

Daniel Santos Mulholland, Lucieth Cruz Vieira, Geraldo Resende Boaventura, Jean-Michel Martinez, Jean-Loup Guyot, Patrick Seyler, Barbara A.F. Lima, Franck Poitrasson, Philippe Vauchel, Francis Sondag, Roberto Ventura Santos, Giana Márcia dos Santos Pinheiro, Luiz Mancini, Márcio Martins Pimentel, Jérôme Chmeleff, Elton Luiz Dantas, and Marie-Paule Bonnet

Subjects
Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Amazon rainforest, Continental crust, Geochemistry, Geology, Podzol, Isotopic signature, Igneous rock, Geochemistry and Petrology, Tributary, Suspended load, Sedimentary rock
Abstract

The present study provides iron concentrations and isotopic compositions determined by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS), along with key chemical, mineralogical and physical properties of 35 representative bulk (unfiltered) waters and bulk sediments from the Amazon River Basin. These samples from the Amazon River, five of its main tributaries (the Solimoes, Negro, Madeira, Tapajos and Trombetas rivers) and four sub-tributaries (the Purus, Jau, Ucayali and Napo rivers) were essentially collected during seven field missions conducted for over two years. These encompassed the centennial flood of May 2009 and the exceptional low water stage of September–October 2010, thereby providing the most extreme hydrological situations that have been recorded over the last hundred years. While the data confirmed massive losses of iron (up to ~ 19 000 tons/day, ca. 50% of the Amazon River bulk water budget) in the Solimoes and Negro rivers mixing zone, the Fe isotope signatures of these bulk waters behaved conservatively. This property allows the use of bulk water Fe isotope signature to track iron sources and explain such isotopic signature in terms of simple mixing. Unfiltered samples from the organic-rich black water rivers present light δ 57 Fe relative to the average continental crust composition. This contrasts with the composition of the bulk white waters carrying a high mineral suspended load that have δ 57 Fe values undistinguishable from the crustal isotopic signature (~ 0.1‰ relative to IRMM-14). This observation indicates that the Fe isotopic composition represents a reliable direct tracer of the iron speciation and, therefore, of the host phases of iron in its sources. Specifically, the white water δ 57 Fe most likely trace the signatures of igneous and sedimentary sources, as well as of their lateritic soil minerals, while the bulk black water δ 57 Fe track a preferential release of Fe that has gone through a reduction step in the organic-rich horizons of tropical podzols as a result of the biological activity. This study shows that the total iron transferred by the Amazon River represents between 5 and 30% of the world's ocean Fe input by rivers, and this Amazon bulk water iron displays an isotopic composition indistinguishable from that of the average continental crust.

Published
2014
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37. Erosion in the Chilean Andes between 27°S and 39°S: tectonic, climatic and geomorphic control

Author

Luisa Pinto, Vincent Regard, Reynaldo Charrier, Gérard Hérail, Stéphanie Brichau, Violeta Tolorza, Stéphane Bonnet, Sébastien Carretier, Joseph Martinod, E. Pepin, Germán Aguilar, Jean-Loup Guyot, María Pía Rodríguez, Rodrigo Riquelme, and Marcelo Farías

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Drainage basin, Sediment, Fluvial, Geology, Ocean Engineering, Tectonics, Tectonic uplift, Erosion, Precipitation, Surface runoff, Geomorphology, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

The effect of mean precipitation rate on erosion is debated. Three hypotheses may explain why the current erosion rate and runoff may be spatially uncorrelated: (1) the topography has reached a steady state for which the erosion rate pattern is determined by the uplift rate pattern; (2) the erosion rate only depends weakly on runoff; or (3) the studied catchments are experiencing different transient adjustments to uplift or to climate variations. In the Chilean Andes, between 278S and 398S, the mean annual runoff rates increase southwards from 0.01 to 2.6 m a but the catchment averaged rates of decadal erosion (suspended sediment) and millennial erosion (Be in river sand) peak at c. 0.25 mm a for runoff c. 0.5 m a and then decrease while runoff keeps increasing. Erosion rates increase non-linearly with the slope and weakly with the square root of the runoff. However, sediments trapped in the subduction trench suggest a correlation between the current runoff pattern and erosion over millions of years. The third hypothesis above may explain these different erosion rate patterns; the patterns seem consistent with, although not limited to, a model where the relief and erosion rate have first increased and then decreased in response to a period of uplift, at rates controlled by the mean precipitation rate. To what extent does the mean precipitation rate or tectonic uplift rate control the erosion rate in mountain ranges? Recent models suggest that climate, through its effect on erosion, plays a determinant role in localizing deformation, and in controlling mountain elevation and uplift rate (Whipple 2009). In addition, variations in palaeoerosion rates (Charreau et al. 2011) and in palaeosedimentation rates (e.g. Metivier et al. 1999; Clift 2006; Uba et al. 2007) potentially record variations in the mean precipitation rate (Castelltort & van den Driessche 2003). The role of climate in driving mountain erosion has become a central question in tectonics, geomorphology and sedimentology (Allen 2008). Because it is difficult to reconstruct the evolution of the erosion rate in mountains over 100 ka to Ma, the evolution of the sediment outflux from mountain ranges has been studied using numerical and physical modeling (e.g. Kooi & Beaumont 1994; Tucker & Slingerland 1996; Bonnet & Crave 2003; Whipple & Meade 2006; Stolar et al. 2007). A tectonic uplift is predicted to generate erosion, the amplitude of which varies according to a timescale called the response time (Kooi & Beaumont 1996; Whipple 2009). The response time is thought to be modulated by climatic conditions (Bonnet & Crave 2003; Stolar et al. 2006; Whipple & Meade 2006; Tucker & vanderBeek 2013). Consequently, the relationship between erosion and precipitation rates is predicted to depend on the timescale over which the erosion rate is analysed. In the simplest ideal case of non-glaciated mountain ranges where the uplift is held constant, the cumulative erosion at a given time (the time integral of the erosion rate since the onset of the uplift) is greater where the climate is wetter simply because the response time is less and the slopes are smaller in this case (Bonnet & Crave 2003). In some circumstances, decadal or millennial erosion rates can be greater where the climate is drier. This is predicted when the drainage network grows slowly, leading to steep hillslopes, deep valleys (high fluvial relief or From: Sepulveda, S. A., Giambiagi, L. B., Moreiras, S. M., Pinto, L., Tunik, M., Hoke, G. D. & Farias, M. (eds) Geodynamic Processes in the Andes of Central Chile and Argentina. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 399, http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/SP399.16 # The Geological Society of London 2014. Publishing disclaimer: www.geolsoc.org.uk/pub_ethics at Universidad de Chile on May 14, 2014 http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ Downloaded from

Published
2014
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38. Yields of suspended sediment and dissolved solids from the Andean basins of Ecuador

Author

Rodrigo Pombosa, Andrea Vera, Luc Bourrel, C. Cerón, Francis Sondag, Philippe Magat, Philippe Vauchel, Elisa Armijos, Christelle Lagane, Sonia Barba, Alain Laraque, Jean-Sébastien Moquet, and Jean-Loup Guyot

Subjects
Hydrology, Lithology, Stratification (water), Sediment, hydrology, Andes, Weathering, Structural basin, erosion, Total dissolved solids, chemical weathering, Erosion, Amazon basin, Precipitation, Geomorphology, Pacific basin, Geology, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

Water discharge and suspended and dissolved sediment data from three rivers (Napo, Pastaza and Santiago) in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin and a river in the Pacific basin (Esmeraldas) over a 9-year period, are presented. This data set allows us to present: (a) the chemical weathering rates; (b) the erosion rates, calculated from the suspended sediment from the Andean basin; (c) the spatio-temporal variability of the two regions; and (d) the relationship between this variability and the precipitation, topography, lithology and seismic activity of the area. The dissolved solids load from the Esmeraldas basin was 2 x 10(6) t year(-1), whereas for the Napo, Pastaza and Santiago basins, it was 4, 2 and 3 x 10(6) t year(-1), respectively. For stations in the Andean piedmont of Ecuador, the relationship between surface sediment and the total sediment concentration was found to be close to one. This is due to minimal stratification of the suspended sediment in the vertical profile, which is attributed to turbulence and high vertical water speeds. However, during the dry season, when the water speed decreases, sediment stratification appears, but this effect can be neglected in the sediment flux calculations due to low concentration rates. The suspended sediment load in the Pacific basin was 6 x 10(6) t year(-1), and the total for the three Amazon basins was 47 x 10(6) t year(-1). The difference between these contributions of the suspended sediment load is likely due to the tectonic uplift and the seismic and volcanic dynamics that occur on the Amazon side.

Published
2013
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39. Climatic control on eastern Andean denudation rates (Central Cordillera from Ecuador to Bolivia)

Author

H. Bazan, P. Fraizy, Jean-Loup Guyot, E. Pepin, Waldo Lavado, Elisa Armijos, Luis Noriega, Rodrigo Pombosa, Jean-Sébastien Moquet, and Philippe Vauchel

Subjects
Denudation rate, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Lithology, Sediment yield, Drainage basin, Sediment, Geology, Central Andes, Denudation, Spatial ecology, Erosion, Climate variability, Surface runoff, Sediment transport, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

The suspended sediment yield and associated current denudation rates of eight large catchments located along the eastern range of the central Andes have been determined. The catchments have been chosen as mountainous and mainly denudational basins to avoid sediment sinks that could bias our analysis. Discharge data and suspended sediment concentrations measured at each catchment outlet have been combined to produce average annual sediment fluxes and thus yields and current denudation rates over time spans of 2–43 years. Denudation rates range between 0.25 and 1.20 mm yr −1 with a north to south gradient. Maximum values are observed in Bolivian catchments. A correlation analysis has been carried out to determine the main controlling factors of current denudation rates at the catchments spatial scale. Climatic, topographic and lithologic parameters have been studied. Our results suggest that denudation rate is mainly controlled by the climate and especially its variability. A strong negative correlation between mean average runoff and denudation rate is detectable whereas topography and lithology are playing no significant role. A multiple regression analysis is suggesting that large Andean catchment denudation rate could be efficiently estimated by the variability of the climate. Combining both slope and lithologic secondary parameters improves the estimation. Finally, the important effect of climate variability on erosion and sediment transport seems to be enhanced by the potential protection of the vegetation cover that is directly controlled by the climate regime.

Published
2013
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40. A critical assessment of the JULES land surface model hydrology for humid tropical environments

Author

Christian Onof, Waldo Lavado, Jean-Loup Guyot, Zed Zulkafli, and Wouter Buytaert

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, Water balance, Hydrology (agriculture), Hydrological simulations, Internal variability, Surface boundary conditions, Evapotranspiration, Land surface models, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, Water cycle, 020701 environmental engineering, Temporal scales, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Global land surface, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Hydrology, Baseflow, lcsh:T, Root-mean square errors, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, 15. Life on land, Critical assessment, 6. Clean water, lcsh:G, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, Tropical environments, Climate model, Surface runoff
Abstract

Global land surface models (LSMs) such as the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) are originally developed to provide surface boundary conditions for climate models. They are increasingly used for hydrological simulation, for instance to simulate the impacts of land-use changes and other perturbations on the water cycle. This study investigates how well such models represent the major hydrological fluxes at the relevant spatial and temporal scales – an important question for reliable model applications in poorly understood, data-scarce environments. The JULES-LSM is implemented in a 360 000 km2 humid tropical mountain basin of the Peruvian Andes–Amazon at 12 km grid resolution, forced with daily satellite and climate reanalysis data. The simulations are evaluated using conventional discharge-based evaluation methods, and by further comparing the magnitude and internal variability of the basin surface fluxes such as evapotranspiration, throughfall, and surface and subsurface runoff, of the model with those observed in similar environments elsewhere. We find reasonably positive model efficiencies and high correlations between the simulated and observed streamflows, but high root-mean-square errors affecting the performance in smaller, upper sub-basins. We attribute this to errors in the water balance and JULES-LSM's inability to model baseflow. We also found a tendency to underrepresent the high evapotranspiration rates of the region. We conclude that strategies to improve the representation of tropical systems to be (1) addressing errors in the forcing (2) incorporating local wetland and regional floodplain in the subsurface representation.

Published
2013
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41. Hydroclimatology of the Upper Madeira River basin: spatio-temporal variability and trends

Author

Jorge Molina-Carpio, Beatriz Gutierrez Caloir, Philippe Vauchel, Josyane Ronchail, Luis Noriega, Jean-Loup Guyot, Jhan Carlo Espinoza, IRD Lima, Processus de la variabilité climatique tropicale et impacts (PARVATI), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Servicio Nacional de Meteorologia e Hidrologia Jiron Cahuide, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, runoff variability, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Drainage basin, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 02 engineering and technology, Madeira River, 01 natural sciences, Hydrology (agriculture), Tributary, Precipitation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, runoff trend, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Tropics, temperature, 15. Life on land, 020801 environmental engineering, Sea surface temperature, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Physical geography, Amazon basin, sea surface, Surface runoff
Abstract

Rising in the Andes, the Madeira River drains the southwestern part of the Amazon basin, which is characterized by high geographical, biological and climatic diversity. This study uses daily records to assess the spatio-temporal runoff variability in the Madeira sub-basins. Results show that inter-annual variability of both discharge and rainfall differs between Andean and lowland tributaries. High-flow discharge variability in the Andean tributaries and the Guapore River is mostly related to sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial Pacific in austral summer, while tropical North Atlantic (TNA) SST modulates rainfall and discharge variability in the lowlands. There also is a downward trend in the low-flow discharge of the lowland tributaries which is not observed in the Andes. Because low-flow discharge values at most lowland stations are negatively related to the SST in the tropical North Atlantic, these trends could be explained by the warming of this ocean since the 1970s.EDITOR A. Caste...

Published
2017
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43. Fluxo de sedimentos em suspensão nos rios da Amazônia

Author

Jean-Loup Guyot and Naziano Filizola

Subjects
Hydrology, geography, sedimentos, geography.geographical_feature_category, rios, Amazon rainforest, Amazonian, sediments, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Sediment, hidrologia, Structural basin, rivers, lcsh:Geology, Amazônia, Fresh water, Tributary, Erosion, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Amazon, Sedimentary budget, Geology
Abstract

Resumo: A Bacia Amazônica se estende por mais de 6 106 km2, e aporta ao Oceano Atlântico um volume d’água da ordem de 6.600 109 m3.ano-1. Cerca de 50% da bacia corresponde aos terrenos pré-cambrianos dos escudos (Guianas e do Brasil Central), 12% à cadeia andina e o restante corresponde à planíciefluvial amazônica. Resultado da erosão dos Andes os sedimentos são transportados até o Oceano Atlântico através dos rios, principalmente. Estudos relativos a este tipo de estudo na Bacia Amazônica são raros, muitos dos quais concentrados na porção central da planície de inundação. Assim, o presente artigo apresenta resultados obtidos a partir de dados de campo, fruto de coletas realizadas em algumas estações de referência nos principais rios da bacia, bem como dados coletados em campanhas de campo realizadas em todo o contexto da região. A distribuição da Matéria Em Suspensão (MES) é descrita sob diferentes abordagens e condições hidrológicas em contraste com estudos anteriores que indicam diferentes valores de fluxo de MES. O regime hidrossedimentométrico dos principais tributários do Rio Amazonas é analisado de maneira cruzada, a partir de diferentes bases de dados disponíveis: campanhas de campo, estações de referência e redes nacionais de coleta de dados hidrometeorológicos. Esses diferentes tipos de abordagem vêm de fontes distintas, tanto de amostragem como de processamento das amostras, e também dos dados (Cálculos de fluxo). Os fluxos de sedimentos em suspensão advindos através dos rios oriundos dos escudos pré-cambrianos que compõem parte da morfoestrutura da Bacia Amazônica, até então pouco conhecidos, são apresentados. Por fim, o fluxo total de material em suspensão exportado pelo Amazonas é aqui estimado, a partir dessas bases, entre 600 e 800 106 t.ano-1.

Published
2011
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44. Water level dynamics of Amazon wetlands at the watershed scale by satellite altimetry

Author

O. C. Rotunno, Emmanuel Roux, A. A. M. Araujo, Stéphane Calmant, J.S. da Silva, Frédérique Seyler, Jean-Loup Guyot, GOHS, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Watershed, SURFACE, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Floodplain, ICE-SHEET, 0207 environmental engineering, NEGRO RIVER, Wetland, 02 engineering and technology, Structural basin, 01 natural sciences, RADAR ALTIMETRY, Tributary, INUNDATION AREA, 020701 environmental engineering, BASIN, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, PROCESSING SCHEME, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, FRESH-WATER, Flood myth, BRAZIL, Water level, 13. Climate action, FLOOD-PLAIN, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Stage (hydrology)
Abstract

ISI Document Delivery No.: 917HP Times Cited: 3 Cited Reference Count: 80 Cited References: Acreman MC, 2007, HYDROL EARTH SYST SC, V11, P158 Alsdorf D, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P2671, DOI 10.1029/2001GL012962 Alsdorf DE, 2001, IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE, V39, P423, DOI 10.1109/36.905250 Alsdorf DE, 2003, SCIENCE, V301, P1491, DOI 10.1126/science.1089802 Alsdorf DE, 2007, REV GEOPHYS, V45, DOI 10.1029/2006RG000197 Alsdorf DE, 2000, NATURE, V404, P174, DOI 10.1038/35004560 ALSDORF D.E., 2007, WATER HM SATELLITE M ANA, 2008, HYDR NETW AM REG BAMBER JL, 1994, INT J REMOTE SENS, V15, P925 Berry PAM, 2005, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V32, DOI 10.1029/2005GL022814 Beven K. 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J., 1986, P IGARSS 86 S ZUR SE, P1339 Zelli C, 1999, ACTA ASTRONAUT, V44, P323, DOI 10.1016/S0094-5765(99)00063-6 Da Silva, Joecila Santos Seyler, Frederique Calmant, Stephane Rotunno Filho, Otto Correa Roux, Emmanuel Magalhaes Araujo, Afonso Augusto Guyot, Jean Loup ROUX, Emmanuel/G-9814-2011; SEYLER, Frederique/D-5518-2011; SILVA, Joecila/B-1478-2014 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) Brazil [516/05]; French Centre National d'Etudes Spatiale through the TOSCA We thank the reviewers who greatly helped in rewriting the preliminary version of the manuscript. We are grateful for the financial support provided to the first author by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil and by Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) Brazil (ref. CAPES/COFECUB no. 516/05), and to the French contributors funded by the French Centre National d'Etudes Spatiale through the TOSCA programme, project Hydrologie Spatiale. Acquisition of JERS-1 imagery was made possible by NASDA's Global Rain Forest Mapping Project. We thank the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) for the maps of the region, the Agencia Nacional de Aguas (ANA), Brazil for the gauge data and the CTOH (Centre de Topographie des Oceans et de l'Hydrosphere, LEGOS, France) for access to ERS-2 and ENVISAT GDRs and additional tropospheric corrections through their online database system, and the European Space Agency (ESA) for granting the use of the data. We are also grateful to Gerard Cochonneau for his work on the treatment of the altimetric data. 3 TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD ABINGDON INT J REMOTE SENS; In this study we used satellite altimetry to characterize the time and space variations in water stored in or circulating through rivers, floodplains, wetlands and lakes in the major sub-basins of the Amazon basin. Using a specific methodology to rigorously select original three-dimensional (3D) data from an Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT) mission, water level time series were calculated at the crossing path of the satellite tracks with the water bodies. We took advantage of the continuous sampling of the water level along the satellite track segments that cross the watershed to analyse both spatial and temporal relationships between: (i) the river and its floodplain and (ii) different basins. This work evidences in particular the existence of water leaking between the Negro and Solimoes basins at the high water stage. It highlights that the phenomenon of a secondary flood peak occurring in the water level series in the Solimoes basin at rising water, known as repiquete, is caused by the rain equatorial regime of the northern upstream tributaries of the Solimoes River, but is disconnected from the same phenomenon occurring within the Rio Negro basin.

Published
2011
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45. Recycling of Amazon floodplain sediment quantified by cosmogenic 26Al and 10Be

Author

Jean-Loup Guyot, Laurence Maurice, P. W. Kubik, F. von Blanckenburg, and Hella Wittmann

Subjects
Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Floodplain, Amazon rainforest, Amazonian, Sediment, 550 - Earth sciences, Geology, STREAMS, Tributary, Erosion, Channel (geography)
Abstract

The modern Amazon trunk stream and tributaries contain substantial amounts of sediments that were formerly stored for 1-3 m.y. in floodplains. By reworking of floodplain deposits, this sediment is being incorporated into Amazonian streams. We conclude this from using the ratio of in situ-produced cosmogenic Al-26 to Be-10 in detrital sediment from rivers draining the sediment-producing Andean, Guyana, and Brazilian shield areas, as well as the largest Amazonian lowland rivers. Samples from the modern Amazon River yield Al-26/Be-10 ratios between similar to 3.8 and 5.5, and thus represent mixing between a non-buried sediment end member and a formerly buried sediment end member. The non-buried end member is sourced in the Andes with a ratio of similar to 6.5, reflecting recent erosion of hillslopes exposed to cosmic rays, and the buried end member is potentially represented by deeply stored floodplain sediment as old as Miocene age, with a ratio of similar to 3, that was partially shielded from cosmic rays. This simple picture of binary mixing is complicated by grain-size effects. Coarser-grained sediment from non-Andean settings (lowlands, cratonic shields) contains slightly more formerly buried material, whereas finer-grained lowland sediment mostly records non-buried Al-26/Be-10 ratios and nuclide concentrations that are indicative of an Andean source. Our assessment shows an incorporation of formerly buried, old sediment of central Amazonian floodplains to the fresh, Andean-derived sediment mainly carried in the Amazon trunk stream. We interpret our results to mean that the Amazon regularly avulses into these old deposits that crop out in more distal vicinities to the main river and temporarily leaves its current Holocene channel.

Published
2011
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46. Hydrological modelling and water balance of the Negro River basin: evaluation based on in situ and spatial altimetry data

Author

Walter Collischonn, Frédérique Seyler, Jean-Loup Guyot, O. C. Rotunno Filho, Marie-Paule Bonnet, Webe João Mansur, and Augusto Getirana

Subjects
Hydrology, geography, Water balance, geography.geographical_feature_category, Discharge, Hydrological modelling, Evapotranspiration, Tributary, Drainage basin, Environmental science, Precipitation, Structural basin, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

This study intends to bridge the gap between global- and local-scale hydrological studies in the Amazon basin by assessing the hydrological response of the Negro basin. The large basin model from the Institute of Hydraulic Research (MGB-IPH hydrological model) has been used to simulate the hydrological processes over the basin during the period 1997–2006. The model was forced with a precipitation field for the Amazon basin derived from the Hybam observatory and climatological data provided by NCEP. Calibration and validation procedures were developed based on daily discharge datasets from 22 gauge stations. In addition, this paper focusses on ENVISAT spatial altimetry data from 27 virtual stations (VS). The spatial altimetry datasets were used as a complement to the model validation. For each computational cell, water heights could be derived from a robust discharge × height relationship generalized to most parts of the basin. The modelled discharges and water heights feature adequate performance levels at gauge and VS along the main river and tributaries with drainage areas varying from 5900 to 712 500 km2. Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients of modelled discharges varied from 0·47 to 0·94 and correlation coefficients of water heights averaged 0·86 for the entire basin. According to the water balance provided by the model, the amount of precipitation received over the basin is 7·2 mm day−1 during the study period with an evapotranspiration (ET) rate of 3·2 mm day−1. The model could also capture the different ET rates over the basin, as presented in previous studies. Results suggest relatively low ET values in the Northern basin, in the Roraima State, of about 3·1 mm day−1, and higher values near Manaus (3·8 mm day−1). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2010
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47. From source to sink: Preserving the cosmogenic 10Be-derived denudation rate signal of the Bolivian Andes in sediment of the Beni and Mamoré foreland basins

Author

Jean-Loup Guyot, Hella Wittmann, Laurence Maurice, F. von Blanckenburg, and Peter W. Kubik

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Floodplain, Sediment, 550 - Earth sciences, Structural basin, Fission track dating, Geophysics, Denudation, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Sedimentary rock, Cosmogenic nuclide, Foreland basin, Geomorphology, Geology
Abstract

The denudation rate signal of the Bolivian Andes as measured by cosmogenic 10 Be in sediment is preserved in the floodplain of adjacent foreland basins even though these basins store the sediment for thousands of years. This conclusion is drawn from comparing published Andean source area denudation rates with new cosmogenic 10 Be data as measured in the floodplains of the large Beni and Mamore basins. For the entire Beni basin including the sediment-producing Andes and the vast flooded plains of the foreland, the cosmogenic nuclide-derived denudation rate is 0.45 ± 0.06 mm/yr, while that of the Mamore basin is 0.55 ± 0.19 mm/yr. By comparison, the respective Andean source areas erode at averaged rates of 0.37 ± 0.06 mm/yr (upper Beni), and at 0.56 ± 0.09 mm/yr (upper Mamore). We notice a decrease in variability of denudation rate with increasing spatial scale as small-scale processes are averaged out. Sediment mixing within the floodplain damps scatter of nuclide-derived denudation rates picked up in the source area. On the temporal scale, a remarkable agreement between cosmogenic nuclide-derived rates averaging over a few kiloyears with those from fission track dating averaging over millions of years seems to suggest that cosmogenic nuclide-derived denudation rates capture the long-term erosional characteristics of the mountain belt. The sum of these observations suggests that any sample collected along a river traversing a floodplain will yield the denudation rate of the source area. This finding opens the unique possibility of constraining cosmogenic nuclide-derived paleo-sediment budgets for these large basins as the long-term, spatially-averaged denudation rate signal of the sediment-producing area is preserved in sedimentary archives.

Published
2009
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48. Watershed delineation for the Amazon sub-basin system using GTOPO30 DEM and a drainage network extracted from JERS SAR images

Author

Frédéric Muller, Gérard Cochonneau, Frédérique Seyler, Jean-Loup Guyot, and Leandro Afonso Guimarães

Subjects
Negro River, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geographic information system, Watershed, drainage network, Amazon rainforest, business.industry, Hydrological modelling, watershed delineation, DEM, Drainage basin, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, SAR images, GTOPO30, hydrologic modelling, Amazon basin, Digital elevation model, business, Geology, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

In this study, we used a geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing products and a digital elevation model (DEM) to prepare and to test the existing data sources and algorithms for a distributed, physically based, hydrological model, incorporating the gauging stations of the national networks of the Amazon basin. Watershed delineation for the Amazon sub-basin system is a necessary first step in distributed hydrological modelling. The DEMs currently available for the Amazon basin are GTOPO30, which has a grid spacing of about 1 km, and SRTM, which can be freely obtained from the internet at a resolution of about 90 m. Each of these DEMs has different sources and consequently different kinds of uncertainties. We have tested the two DEMs, comparing the results obtained using both of them on different sub-basins within the Amazonian basin. The delineation of the sub-basins for the entire Amazonian basin, which is currently available on our project site (http://www.mpl.ird.fr/hybam/), has been obtained from the GTOPO30. With GTOPO30 alone, the D8 algorithm (which determines the direction of flow in eight neighbouring cells) does not always give the correct delineation of sub-basins corresponding to the gauging stations. This problem occurs mainly in the very flat areas of the region. One way to overcome this problem is to burn-in the DEM with a river network. The spatial precision of this river network must be compatible with that of the DEM, and homogeneous throughout the basin. We tested three river networks on the Negro River sub-basins. We found that a suitable river network could be extracted by digitising a JERS-1 mosaic image. The DEM GTOPO30 burned-in with the JERS-1 extracted river network made the correct distributed modelling of the Amazon gauged sub-basins possible by determining water transfer times within the basin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2009
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50. Suspended sediment yields in the Amazon basin: an assessment using the Brazilian national data set

Author

Jean-Loup Guyot and Naziano Filizola

Subjects
Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Amazon rainforest, Drainage basin, Sediment, hydrology, Structural basin, Sedimentation, Deposition (geology), Tributary, Environmental science, Amazon basin, suspended sediment yield, Sediment transport, Brazil, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

In this paper, we make use of a Brazilian national data set comprising suspended sediment data for the Amazon region. This contains more than 2500 samples from 60 sites that have been running since the 1970s and are still operated on an almost quarterly basis. These data provide a valuable basis for assessing suspended sediment yields in the largest river basin on earth. We also discuss the sampling procedures and the methods for total suspended sediment (TSS) flux calculation employed in the Amazon region. An analysis of the contribution of the largest Amazon River tributaries to the total sediment load of the Amazon and the relationship between TSS and water discharge has been undertaken. The Brazilian data provide representative information on sediment transport within the basin, particularly for the central flood plain and in the Brazilian and Guiana shields. A basic assessment of the suspended sediment load data highlights the major Andean TSS contribution (more than 1000 106 t year−1) and the lower contribution from the shield areas (less than 100 106 t year−1). On the basis of the data from the network of TSS stations, the shield areas are estimated to contribute 7% of the TSS yield from the Amazon River basin. A region of deposition has been identified in the middle of the basin; and the sedimentation rate in the ‘varzeas’ in the Amazon River basin lowlands has been estimated to be between 3 and 6 mm year−1. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2009
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