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Resume Introduction La surface axiale (SA) du nerf tibial est mesurable en echographie. Chez des patients porteurs d’un syndrome du tunnel tarsien posteromedial (STT), son evaluation n’a ete que tres peu etudiee alors qu’elle pourrait aider a la caracterisation de la souffrance du nerf. Aussi, nous avons mene une etude cas-temoins pour mesurer la surface axiale du nerf tibial entre patients sains et patients souffrant d’un syndrome du tunnel tarsien posteromedial (STT). Hypothese La mesure de la surface axiale du nerf tibial en echographie peut etre utilisee comme un critere diagnostique dans le STT. Materiel et methode Vingt-trois patients (27 pieds) (11 hommes, 12 femmes, âge moyen = 54 ± 14 ans) avec des signes cliniques et electroneuromyographiques de STT ont ete compares a 21 patients controles (8 hommes et 13 femmes, âge moyen 39 ± 10 ans). L’echographie comprenait une exploration morphologique a la recherche d’une cause compressive, puis la surface axiale du nerf tibial etait mesuree a la jambe 10 cm au-dessus du tunnel tarsien (lSA) et dans le tunnel tarsien (ttSA). La difference ΔSA = ttSA–lSA a ensuite ete calculee. Les donnees ont ete analysees en utilisant des tests de correlations et des tests de groupes non-parametriques, une regression lineaire multivariee et des tests ROC. Resultat L’echographie montrait une etiologie compressive chez 13 patients. Les valeurs moyennes ttSA et ΔSA etaient de respectivement 20,1 ± 8,8 mm2 [6–42] vs 10,3 ± 2,3 mm2 [8–14] (p = 0,0001) et 9,8 ± 6,7 mm2 [0–29] vs −0,2 ± 1,8 mm2 [−3–4] (p Discussion La difference ΔSA de mesure de la surface axiale du nerf tibial en echographie entre le tunnel tarsien posteromedial et la jambe 10 cm au-dessus du tunnel est une donnee importante pour le diagnostic d’un syndrome du tunnel tarsien posteromedial avec et sans etiologie compressive. Niveau d’evidence scientifique III, etude cas-temoins diagnostique.

ImportanceThere is no consensus on the benefits of routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the facial nerve in patients with suspected idiopathic peripheral facial palsy (PFP) (ie, Bell palsy [BP]).ObjectivesTo estimate the proportion of adult patients in whom MRI led to correction of an initial clinical diagnosis of BP; to determine the proportion of patients with confirmed BP who had MRI evidence of facial nerve neuritis without secondary lesions; and to identify factors associated with secondary (nonidiopathic) PFP at initial presentation and 1 month later.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective multicenter cohort study analyzed the clinical and radiological data of 120 patients initially diagnosed with suspected BP from January 1, 2018, to April 30, 2022, at the emergency department of 3 tertiary referral centers in France.InterventionsAll patients screened for clinically suspected BP underwent an MRI of the entire facial nerve with a double-blind reading of all images.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe proportion of patients in whom MRI led to a correction of the initial diagnosis of BP (any condition other than BP, including potentially life-threating conditions) and results of contrast enhancement of the facial nerve were described.ResultsAmong the 120 patients initially diagnosed with suspected BP, 64 (53.3%) were men, and the mean (SD) age was 51 (18) years. Magnetic resonance imaging of the facial nerve led to a correction of the diagnosis in 8 patients (6.7%); among them, potentially life-threatening conditions that required changes in treatment were identified in 3 (37.5%). The MRI confirmed the diagnosis of BP in 112 patients (93.3%), among whom 106 (94.6%) showed evidence of facial nerve neuritis on the affected side (hypersignal on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images). This was the only objective sign confirming the idiopathic nature of PFP.Conclusions and RelevanceThese preliminary results suggest the added value of the routine use of facial nerve MRI in suspected cases of BP. Multicentered international prospective studies should be organized to confirm these results.

Introduction: Rare systemic diseases such as amyloidosis can mimic inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Because of their poor prognosis, physicians should rule them out at the onset of inflammatory rheumatism. We report a case of AL amyloidosis misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis.Case report: A 71-year-old woman was referred for seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, resistant to three biologic therapies. She had an IgA lambda monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). The patient subsequently developed glomerular proteinuria. Abdominal fat and accessory salivary glands biopsies revealed amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. Treatment with bortezomib–cyclophosphamide–dexamethasone, led to complete hematologic, renal and rheumatologic remission. Ten months after treatment interruption, the patient had an articular and hematologic relapse.Conclusion: Amyloid light-chain amyloidosis arthropathy is probably underdiagnosed. A review of amyloid arthropathy associated with multiple myeloma found that 33% of patients had been misdiagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis., Introduction: Des maladies systémiques rares et graves comme l’amylose peuvent mimer un rhumatisme inflammatoire. Il est important de les rechercher, du fait de leur pronostic péjoratif. Nous rapportons le cas d’une amylose AL diagnostiquée à tort comme une polyarthrite rhumatoïde.Observation: Une patiente de 71 ans était adressée pour une polyarthrite rhumatoïde séronégative, résistante à trois biothérapies. Elle présentait également une gammapathie monoclonale de signification indéterminée (MGUS) IgA lambda. Secondairement, la patiente développait une protéinurie glomérulaire, en lien avec une amylose AL (Amyloid Light-chain) prouvée sur des biopsies de graisse abdominale et des glandes salivaires accessoires. Avec un traitement par bortezomib–cyclophosphamide–dexamethasone, une rémission hématologique, rénale et articulaire était obtenue, mais une rechute hématologique et articulaire survenait 10 mois après l’interruption de ce traitement.Conclusion: L’arthropathie de l’amylose AL est sous-diagnostiquée. Dans une revue d’arthropathie amyloïde associée à un myélome multiple, 33 % des patients avaient eu un diagnostic erroné de polyarthrite rhumatoïde.

Simple Summary Major progress has been achieved in stage-IV bone metastatic patients to control over the disease progression, thereby resulting in longer survival. Self-autonomy and return to physical activity are now frequent. Thus, assessment of the strength of tumoral bone has becoming an issue, especially with the rapid variations of bone tumoral aspect (from lytic to sclerosing and vice versa), that we can observe on treatment. This review will explain the current available imaging techniques, the limits of the existing fracture risk scores in bone metastasis and the new numerical simulation technics arising in biomechanics. Abstract Major progress has been achieved to treat cancer patients and survival has improved considerably, even for stage-IV bone metastatic patients. Locomotive health has become a crucial issue for patient autonomy and quality of life. The centerpiece of the reflection lies in the fracture risk evaluation of bone metastasis to guide physician decision regarding physical activity, antiresorptive agent prescription, and local intervention by radiotherapy, surgery, and interventional radiology. A key mandatory step, since bone metastases may be asymptomatic and disseminated throughout the skeleton, is to identify the bone metastasis location by cartography, especially within weight-bearing bones. For every location, the fracture risk evaluation relies on qualitative approaches using imagery and scores such as Mirels and spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS). This approach, however, has important limitations and there is a need to develop new tools for bone metastatic and myeloma fracture risk evaluation. Personalized numerical simulation qCT-based imaging constitutes one of these emerging tools to assess bone tumoral strength and estimate the femoral and vertebral fracture risk. The next generation of numerical simulation and artificial intelligence will take into account multiple loadings to integrate movement and obtain conditions even closer to real-life, in order to guide patient rehabilitation and activity within a personalized-medicine approach.

Medical Image Analysis and Artificial Intelligence, 2nd Sino French Workshop, Online, , 25-/10/2021 - 26/10/2021; Bone metastases are quite frequently found in cancer patients, as bone is the third most common site of metastasis, behind lung and liver. Prostate and breast cancer are responsible for up to 70% of the skeletal metastases. One of the most common being pathological fractures, which are induced by the unregulated bone remodelling caused by the metastases. They often occur in the long bones (i.e. femurs) or the vertebrae, with catastrophic implications. Clinical score exist, like the Mirels score for the femurs, to assess the risk of fracture, but are insufficient to obtain a solid prediction, due to the lack of specificity of the methods, the limitations linked to quantifying pain, and the absence of precise differentiation of the score between lesions located in a similar area. Those methods can be insufficient, and the need for early diagnosis and treatment is important to improve their efficiency. Pathological fractures in particular are difficult to predict, therefore enhancing the ability for an early diagnosis by a numerical simulation can help to greatly decrease the occurrence of such fractures. To develop a numerical model, the main objective of this work is to implement an accurate and automatic femur segmentation using deep learning which enables fracture simulation and prediction.

International audience; INTRODUCTION: With the spread of COVID-19 epidemic, health plans must be adapted continuously. There is an urgent need to define the best care courses of patients with COVID-19, especially in intensive care units (ICUs), according to their individualised benefit/risk ratio. Since older age is associated with poorer short-term and long-term outcomes, prediction models are needed, that may assist clinicians in their ICU admission decision. Senior-COVID-Rea was designed to evaluate, in patients over 60 years old admitted in ICU for severe COVID-19 disease, the impact of age and geriatric and paraclinical parameters on their mortality 30 days after ICU admission. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a multicentre survey protocol to be conducted in seven hospitals of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, France. All patients over 60 years old admitted in ICU for severe COVID-19 infection (or their legally acceptable representative) will be proposed to enter the study and to fill in a questionnaire regarding their functional and nutritional parameters 1 month before COVID-19 infection. Paraclinical parameters at ICU admission will be collected: lymphocytes and neutrophils counts, high-fluorescent lymphoid cells and immature granulocytes percentages (Sysmex data), D-dimers, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine, CT scan for lung extension rate as well as clinical resuscitation scores, and the delay between the first signs of infection and ICU admission. The primary outcome will be the overall survival at day 30 post-ICU admission. The analysis of factors predicting mortality at day 30 will be carried out using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Multivariate logistic regression will consider up to 15 factors.The ambition of this trial, which takes into account the different approaches of geriatric vulnerability, is to define the respective abilities of different operational criteria of frailty to predict patients' outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol was ethically approved. The results of the primary and secondary objectives will be published in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04422340.

International audience; More than 35% of lung adenocarcinoma patients have bone metastases at diagnosis and have a poor survival. Periostin, a carboxylated matrix protein, mediates lung cancer cell dissemination by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and is involved in bone response to mechanical stress and bone formation regulation. This suggests that periostin may be used as a biomarker to predict survival in lung cancer patients.Serum periostin was assessed at diagnosis in a prospective cohort of 133 patients with lung adenocarcinoma of all stages. Patients were divided into localized and bone metastatic groups. Both groups were matched to healthy controls. Survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were conducted in the total population and in bone metastatic group.The median serum periostin level was higher in bone metastatic (n = 67; median: 1752 pmol/L) than in the localized group (n = 66; 861 pmol/L; p median) had a poorer overall survival in the whole population (33.3 weeks vs. NR; p

Benign tumors of the acetabular roof are a therapeutic challenge. Percutaneous ablations avoid complicated surgery. These tumors are close to the cartilage and therefore there is a risk of damaging and causing chondropathy. We propose here the case of an osteoid osteoma treated by cryobablation associated with a hip traction with arthro-CT with warmed serum. Keywords: Cryoablation; Hip-traction; Osteoid osteoma; Mini-invasive; Interventional radiology

International audience; L’os est la troisième localisation métastatique par ordre de fréquence après le foie et le poumon. Les métastases osseuses intéressent un cancer bronchopulmonaire sur trois et sont généralement ostéolytiques. Les métastases osseuses ostéolytiques sont à l’origine de fractures pathologiques du rachis et des os longs qui entraînent une restriction de la mobilité, le recours à la chirurgie et un risque de compression médullaire. Les métastases osseuses s’accompagnent d’une altération marquée de la qualité de vie et de surcoûts de santé importants. Au cours des dernières années, la RCP métastases osseuses ou RCP d’oncologie osseuse secondaire (RCP-OOS) a été mise en place dans le but de proposer, pour chaque patient, une prise en charge optimale des métastases osseuses en harmonie avec la prise en charge antitumorale. Dans cette revue, nous allons évoquer les différents aspects de la prise en charge des métastases osseuses regroupant le diagnostic et l’évaluation (TDM, scintigraphie osseuse au Technétium 99 m, TEP-FDG-(18F) et biopsie osseuse permettant le diagnostic moléculaire), les traitements osseux systémiques (acide zolédronique et dénosumab) et les traitements locaux (radiologie interventionnelle et radiothérapie). Les stratégies chirurgicales seront abordées dans un autre travail. À partir des référentiels Auvergne Rhône-Alpes en oncologie thoracique, édition 2017, nous présentons ici un arbre décisionnel pour aider les médecins dans la mise en place d’une stratégie personnalisée locomotrice pour chaque patient.

Bone is the third metastatic site after liver and lungs. Bone metastases occur in one out of three lung cancers and are usually of osteolytic aspect. Osteolytic bone metastases are responsible of long bone and vertebral fractures leading to restricted mobility, surgery and medullar compression that severely alter quality of life and that have a huge medico-economic impact. In the recent years, Bone Metastatic Multidisciplinary Tumour Board (BM2TB) have been developed to optimize bone metastases management for each patient in harmony with oncology program. In this review, we will go through all the different aspects of bone metastases management including diagnosis and evaluation (CT scan, Tc 99m-MDP bone scan, 18FDG-PET scan and biopsy for molecular diagnosis), systemic bone treatments (zoledronic acid and denosumab) and local treatments (interventional radiology and radiotherapy). Surgical strategies will be discussed elsewhere. Based on the last 2017-Lung Cancer South East French Guidelines, we present a practical decision tree to help the physicians for decision making in order to reach a personalized locomotor strategy for every patient.

Objective The aim of this study was to reevaluate dural ectasia criteria in Marfan syndrome patients fulfilling the revised Ghent criteria. Methods Lumbar computed tomography scans of 19 Marfan patients and 30 matched control subjects were retrospectively assessed. Dural sac ratio (DSR), nerve root sleeve diameter, pedicle width, and a scalloping or meningocele presence were each assessed by 2 readers blinded from the diagnosis. Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests compared the patient and control groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and multivariate models determined the optimal cutoff value. Results A DSR value greater than 0.69 at L5 (DSR-L5) such as L4 scalloping of more than 2.65 mm (scall-L4) and 6 or more vertebrae showing a scalloping of more than 3 mm (6-scall) were found very specific but with limited sensitivity. Multivariate model combining DSR-L5 + scall-L4 showed good positive predictive value, whereas model combining DSR-L5 + 6-scall showed good negative predictive value. Conclusions Assessment of DSR and vertebral scalloping allows valuable depiction of dural ectasia in Marfan syndrome patients.

Objectives The aims of this study were to evaluate the agreement between cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and multislice computed tomography for the characterization of extremity fractures and to compare image quality, radiation dose, and patient tolerance. Methods Thirty-six patients with suspected fracture affecting distal extremities or who required preoperative fracture assessment were enrolled prospectively. Each patient underwent CBCT and multislice computed tomography the same day. Both examinations were evaluated independently twice by 2 trained radiologists using the Muller AO classification for fracture characterization. Results Cohen κ coefficient for agreement between the imaging techniques was almost perfect for fracture characterization, κ = 0.94 [95% confidence interval, 0.91-0.98]. There was substantial to almost perfect agreement for secondary findings. Cone-beam computed tomography was well tolerated and significantly less irradiant and had better subjective image. Conclusions An excellent agreement between both imaging techniques was found. This confirms the ability of CBCT to assess fractures and its potential in the management of patients with distal limb trauma.

The aim was to assess the association of Scheuermann's disease (SCD) with fracture risk (vertebral, peripheral) and bone mineral density (BMD) in older men. SCD was assessed on the baseline lateral spine radiographs using the Berlin criteria in 766 men aged 50-85. We evaluated the association of SCD and its diagnostic criteria with incident fracture (vertebral over 7.5 years, peripheral over 10 years) and BMD (baseline). SCD prevalence was 25.2%. SCD and its criteria showed inconsistent associations with BMD at different skeletal sites. Eighty-four men had incident fractures. After adjustment for age, weight, spine BMD, prevalent vertebral fractures, prior falls and score of disc space narrowing due to osteoarthritis (DSN-OA), SCD was not associated with vertebral fracture risk. Vertebral endplate irregularities (EI), one of its diagnostic criteria, were associated with higher vertebral fracture risk (OR = 3.26, 95% CI: 1.34-7.94, p 0.01). Vertebral fracture risk was higher in men with EI and low spine BMD vs. men without these characteristics (OR = 12.84, 95% CI: 3.12-52.83, p 0.005). EI was associated with higher vertebral fracture risk in men without severe DSN-OA and without prevalent vertebral fractures. Peripheral fracture risk was lower in men with SCD (HR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.18-0.83, p 0.02) and EI. Peripheral fracture risk was higher in men without SCD who had low femoral neck BMD vs. men with SCD and normal BMD (HR = 4.68, 95% CI: 1.09-20.03, p 0.05). In conclusion, EI were associated with high vertebral fracture risk. SCD and EI were associated with lower peripheral fracture risk. The associations of SCD and its criteria with BMD were inconsistent.

INTRODUCTION Recent technological advances with dual-energy quantitative computed tomography (DEQCT) allow to combine two images of different level of energy to obtain simulated mono-energetic images at 60 keV (SIM60KeV-QCT) with improved image contrast in clinical practice. This study includes three topics: (1) compare bone mineral content (BMC), areal and volumetric bone mineral density (aBMD, vBMD) obtained with SIM60KeV-QCT, single-energy QCT (SEQCT), and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); (2) compare ash density and weight with respective vBMD and BMC assessed on SIM60KeV-QCT, SEQCT, and DXA; and (3) compare the influence of reconstruction kernels on the accuracy of vBMD and BMC using ash density and ash weight as the reference values. METHODS DXA, SEQCT, and DEQCT acquisitions were performed ex vivo on 42 human femurs. Standard kernel (SK) and bone kernel (BK) were applied to each stack of images. Ten diaphyses and 10 femoral necks were cut, scanned, and reconstructed using the techniques described above. Finally, the bone specimens were calcined to obtain the ash weight. RESULTS QCT analysis (SEQCT, SIM60KeV-QCT) underestimated BMC value compared to DXA. For femoral necks, all QCT analyses provided an unbiased estimate of ash weight but underestimated ash density regardless of the kernel used. For femoral diaphysis, SEQCT BK, SIM60KeV-QCT BK, and SK underestimated ash weight but not ash density. CONCLUSION BMC and vBMD quantifications with the SIM60KeV-QCT gave similar results as the SEQCT. Further studies are needed to optimize the use of SIM60KeV-QCT in clinical situations. SK should be used given the effect of kernels on QCT assessment.

45e Congrès de la Société de Biomécanique, Metz, France, 26-/10/2020 - 28/10/2020; Femoral fractures are a common issue for metastatic cancer patients. This type of fracture can occur during every day activities (Benca et al. 2017). Metastatic lesions can be osteoblastic, osteolytic or mixed but, mechanically, lytic lesions are more critical for the femoral strength (Benca et al. 2017). Based on a clinical scoring (Mirel's score), fracture predictions are overestimated and poorly predicted (Mirels 1989; Van der Linden et al. 2004; Benca et al. 2017), which leads to over-surgery. This scoring system is based on four following variables: metastases' site, size and type, and patient's pain (Mirels 1989). Hence, clinical studies do not focus on bone strength, but mainly on metastases characteristics and patient's pain. Finite element models, based on Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) imaging, were carried out to predict failure load (e.g., Kaneko et al. 2008; Tanck et al. 2009; Yosibash et al. 2014). In the context of metastatic bone, for a local validation, only one study has been published to study the major and minor principal strains using stereo-correlation (Sas et al. 2020) on cemented femur. The aim of this study was to provide experimental dataset to assess finite element models froma strain point of view.

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of bone marrow oedema (BME) at the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) in early postpartum (EPP), nulliparous (NP) and late postpartum (LPP) women, and to identify factors associated with BME presence at the SIJ.MethodsThree groups were obtained: NP (never given birth), EPP (given birth within 12 months) and LPP (given birth more than 24 months). The primary outcome was the presence of BME and/or structural lesions (erosions, osteophytes, ankylosis and sclerosis) at the SIJ MRI.ResultsBME prevalence was greater among EPP (33%) than NP (14%, p=0.001), but was not different to LPP (21%, p=0.071). The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) MRI criteria for sacroiliitis were positive in 75%, 71% and 80%, respectively, of EPP, NP and LPP women with BME. EPP (38%) had similar prevalence of sclerosis than LPP (28%, p=0.135), but greater than NP (18%, p=0.001). Lastly, EPP (28%) had similar prevalence of osteophytes than LPP (42%) and NP (27%), although there was a difference between LPP and NP (p=0.006).ConclusionsEPP have higher BME prevalence at the SIJ than NP, EPP tend to have higher BME prevalence compared with LPP and BME presence decreases with time from delivery. Three-quarters of women with BME at the SIJ had a positive ASAS MRI criteria for sacroiliitis, indicating that BME presence as the main criterion for a positive diagnosis can lead to false-positive results. SIJ MRIs should not be interpreted in isolation, since age, time from delivery and other factors may outweigh the pertinence of MRI findings.Trial registration numberNCT02956824

International audience

Background: Current SARS-COV2 pandemic induces tensions on the health systems and ethical dilemmas. A triage tool is needed to define older patients with individual advantage to be considered for intensive care unit (ICU) transfer. Methods: This multicentre observational cohort study included patients over 60 admitted into 7 ICUs between 7th March and 7th May 2020. The primary objective was to evaluate age impact on 30-day mortality, to construct a multivariate prognostic model. This analysis explores the prediction value of geriatric parameters 1 month before ICU admission. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04422340. Findings: Among 290 screened patients, 231 were included in the cohort. In univariate analysis, factors associated with decreased day-30 survival were: age>75 (OR 4·82 [95%CI: 2·56-9·06]), three or more CIRS-G grade ≥2 comorbidities (OR 2·49 [95%CI: 1·36-4·56]), impaired ADL (Activities of Daily Living), (OR 4·86 [95%CI: 2·44-9·72]), impaired IADL8 (Instrumental ADL, 8 variables, OR 6·33 [95%CI: 3·31-12·10], p 75 (OR 4·64 [95%CI: 2·36-9·39], p

Ankle cartilage damage due to repeated joint bleeds often leads to altered gait in adult patients with hemophilia. It is therefore of clinical importance to develop an understanding of the biomechanical gait features in hemophilia patients with and without blood-induced cartilage damage and age-matched control subjects. We recruited a control group (n = 17), patients with hemophilia (PwH) without blood-induced ankle cartilage damage (PwH_NoCartDam , n = 5) and PwH with severe blood-induced ankle cartilage damage (PwH_CartDam , n = 19). We collected three-dimensional gait analysis data with following outcome variables in the ankle, Chopart and the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP 1) joints: range of motion (ROM) during stance phase, peak joint moment and powers. Biomechanical loading (BW) was quantified as the joint reaction forces using inverse dynamic analysis. Loading rate (BW/s) and impulse (BW*s) were calculated between 50% and 70% of stance phase. All biomechanical variables of the ankle joint were significantly lowered in the PwH_CartDam group compared with both the control subjects and the PwH_NoCartDam group. No compensatory biomechanical function was observed in other foot joints. An ankle loading rate of 2.64 ± 0.83 BW/s was observed in the control group, which was significantly higher than 1.75 ± 0.43 BW/s (P = .049) and 1.22 ± 0.59 BW/s (P

Detection of molecular alterations in lung cancer bone metastasis (LCBM) is particularly difficult when decalcification procedure is needed. The Idylla™ real-time (RT)-PCR is compared to the routine method used in our laboratory, which combines next generation and Sanger sequencing, for the detection of EGFR mutations in LCBM.LCBM subjected to EDTA or formic acid decalcification were analysed for EGFR mutational status using two methods: first, the Ion Torrent Ampliseq next generation sequencing (NGS) assay +/- Sanger sequencing was used prospectively; then, the fully-automated, RT-PCR based molecular testing system Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test was applied retrospectively.Out of the 34 LCBM assayed, 14 (41.2%) were unsuitable for NGS analysis and five remained unsuitable after additional Sanger EGFR sequencing (5/34, 14.7%). Using Idylla™, valid results were observed for 33/34 samples (97.1%). The concordance between the NGS +/- Sanger sequencing method and the RT-PCR method was 89.7% (26/29), one false positive EGFR S768I mutation and two false negative results were observed using Idylla™; one of these false negative cases was diagnosed by Sanger sequencing with a rare exon 19 EGFR mutation not covered by the Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test design.Detection of EGFR mutations in decalcified LCBM is challenging using NGS, more than half of samples showing invalid results. Alternative methods should thus be preferred to spare clinical samples and decrease delay. The Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test shows a good performance on decalcified bone samples and could be used as a first step. In case of negative results, a sequencing approach is mandatory to check the presence of rare EGFR mutations sensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Keywords: Lung carcinoma, EGFR mutation, Bone metastases, Decalcification, Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Highlights • Molecular status determination following decalcification procedures is challenging. • The Idylla™ EGFR assay demonstrates good performance on decalcified bone samples. • The choice of EGFR assay should be adapted to patient and sample specificities., Detection of molecular alterations in lung cancer bone metastasis (LCBM) is particularly difficult when decalcification procedure is needed. The Idylla™ real-time (RT)-PCR is compared to the routine method used in our laboratory, which combines next generation and Sanger sequencing, for the detection of EGFR mutations in LCBM. LCBM subjected to EDTA or formic acid decalcification were analysed for EGFR mutational status using two methods: first, the Ion Torrent Ampliseq next generation sequencing (NGS) assay +/- Sanger sequencing was used prospectively; then, the fully-automated, RT-PCR based molecular testing system Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test was applied retrospectively. Out of the 34 LCBM assayed, 14 (41.2%) were unsuitable for NGS analysis and five remained unsuitable after additional Sanger EGFR sequencing (5/34, 14.7%). Using Idylla™, valid results were observed for 33/34 samples (97.1%). The concordance between the NGS +/- Sanger sequencing method and the RT-PCR method was 89.7% (26/29), one false positive EGFR S768I mutation and two false negative results were observed using Idylla™; one of these false negative cases was diagnosed by Sanger sequencing with a rare exon 19 EGFR mutation not covered by the Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test design. Detection of EGFR mutations in decalcified LCBM is challenging using NGS, more than half of samples showing invalid results. Alternative methods should thus be preferred to spare clinical samples and decrease delay. The Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test shows a good performance on decalcified bone samples and could be used as a first step. In case of negative results, a sequencing approach is mandatory to check the presence of rare EGFR mutations sensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Objectives To assess the reliability of the IPSG MRI scale for tibiotalar (TTJ) and subtalar joint (STJ) changes in young haemophilic patients, correlating MRI findings with functional scores and 3D-rearfoot kinematics. Methods A total of 37 haemophilic patients underwent bilateral MRI of the footankle, clinical evaluation and quantitative assessment of their 3D-rearfoot kinematics during walking. TTJ and STJ soft tissues were assessed twice along with osteochondral changes by two radiologists using the IPSG MRI scale. Inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of MRI scoring were tested by means of kappa statistics. Correlational analyses were performed between MRI findings and the Haemophilia Joint Health Score 2.1 (HJHS) and 3D-rearfoot kinematic data. Results The intra-reader reliability of MRI scoring was good to excellent (Kappa: 0.62-1), whereas the inter-reader reliability was moderate to good (Kappa: 0.54-0.79). Weak yet significant correlations were found between the frontal plane rearfoot range of motion (ROM) during loading response of gait and STJ score, as well as between frontal plane rearfoot ROM during the terminal stance phase and the rearfoot osteochondral lesions. Conclusion The IPSG score appears applicable to not only the TTJ but also the STJ. Contrary to TTJ lesions, those of the STJ do not correlate with the HJHS but do with 3D-rearfoot kinematic data.

Purpose To assess the T1ρ and T2 values in the hip cartilage of healthy volunteers and to evaluate the reproducibility of these measurements. Materials and Methods The right hip joint of 30 asymptomatic volunteers was explored with 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Quantitative 3D T1ρ- and T2-maps sequences were repeated twice with a 30-minute delay (immediate reproducibility). The same protocol was repeated 14 days later (short-term reproducibility). Immediate and short-term reproducibility were estimated using coefficients of variation and correlation concordance coefficients (CCC). The precisions of the measurements were estimated by the ratio of the standard deviations. A mixed linear model was used to analyze the effect of patient's characteristics on T1ρ and T2 values. Results Immediate reproducibility was significantly better than short-term reproducibility for T1ρ (CCC of 0.75 versus 0.55; P = 0.007) and T2 (CCC 0.65 versus 0.32; P < 0.001). The precisions of the measurements were estimated between 5.5% and 9.1%. Median T1ρ values were 6.0 msec higher in women than in men (P = 0.006), with no significant influence of age, body mass index (BMI), or sports activity. Median T2 values were not significantly different between men and women (0.4 msec lower in women; P = 0.76). There was no significant influence of age, BMI, or sports activity. T1ρ and T2 values were lower in lateral regions than in medial regions (4.9 msec and 2.5 msec lower respectively; P < 0.0001). Conclusion Immediate reproducibility of T1ρ and T2 values is better than short-term, with limited effect of 30 minutes decubitus. T1ρ values are significantly higher in women. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.

Elastosonography is an evolution of ultrasound that maps the biomechanical and elastic properties of tissues by measuring their stiffness. Over the past five years, the number of studies on elastosonography in tendon pathologies raised. Indeed, this technique is promising, but how can radiologists use it in daily practice? The purpose of this review article is to summarize the data available to date about elastosonography focused on the calcaneal tendon in order to provide physicians with an overview that may help them understand and use elastosonography routinely. The physical principles of elastosonography are described. The aspects of normal, physiological and pathologic calcaneal tendon are discussed. Transient Shear Wave Elastography (SWE), which is the most recent elastosonographic technique, allowed to quantify tendon stiffening when tendon stress increases, confirmed tendon softening in case of tendinopathy, and shown tendon strength loss when calcaneal tendon is completely ruptured. SWE is still a wide research field on viscoelastic properties of normal, pathologic, aging and operated calcaneal tendon.

45e Congrès de la Société de Biomécanique, Metz, France, 26-/10/2020 - 28/10/2020; Bones are the third most affected organs by metastasis (Du et al. 2010). The qualitative effect of cancer types on metastatic bone has been largely described. Bone metastases weaken bones (Coleman 1997) by creating lytic, blastic or mixt (i.e. lytic and blastic) lesions. The prediction of fracture risk is clinically assessed by evaluating several parameters such as the size and location of the lesion or the Mirels' score. However, it seems these predictions overestimate the risk of fracture and are not specific enough to produce a reliable prediction (Van Der Linden et al. 2004). A quantification of the effect of the different cancer types on mechanical properties of the bone should improve clinical evaluation of the fracture risk. As a first step, the goal of our study was to develop a better assessment of the bone fracture risk by evaluating the mechanical properties of mice tibia affected by three different human cancer cell lines.

INTRODUCTION: Haemophilic ankle arthropathy due to repeated joint bleeds often leads to altered gait in adult patients with haemophilia. AIM: To investigate the association between clinical gait features and blood-induced ankle joint damage scored using MRI findings in patients with haemophilic ankle arthropathy. METHODS: This observational study investigated 48 ankles of 24 patients with severe haemophilia (median age of 33 years). Blood-induced ankle joint damage was scored by an experienced radiologist using the International Prophylaxis Study Group (IPSG-)MRI score which evaluates the presence or absence of effusion, synovial hypertrophy, haemosiderin, surface erosions, subchondral cysts and cartilage degeneration. Using 3D gait analysis, peak ankle joint power generation and absorption (W/kg) were measured for each ankle since these are surrogate measures for joint loading during walking. Associations between MRI findings and these two clinical gait features were calculated using Spearman's ρ correlation with an α-level correction (α = 0.01) for multiple tests. RESULTS: We found large negative associations between ankle joint peak power generation and IPSG-MRI score (ρ = -0.631; P =

Séminaire du Groupement de Recherche (GDR) CNRS MECABIO, Montpellier, FRANCE, 30-/11/2018 - 30/11/2018; Mechanical strength prediction of tumoral bones using numerical simulation

Resume L’imagerie des sacro-iliaques est le point cle du diagnostic et de la classification des spondyloarthrites. L’integration de l’IRM dans les criteres de classification ASAS en 2009 a focalise toutes les attentions sur la presence d’un œdeme osseux pour caracteriser une sacro-iliite, mais le retour aux bases et l’analyse des signes structuraux (qui doivent encore trouver leur place dans ces criteres de classification) sont les elements fondamentaux qui evitent de poser par exces le diagnostic de pathologie inflammatoire.

Imaging of the sacroiliac joints is the key point in diagnosing and classifying spondyloarthritis. Since the integration of MRI criteria to the Assessment of Spondyloarhtitis Society (ASAS) classification in 2009, the attention was focused on the presence of bone marrow edema to characterize sacroiliitis. However, returning to basics and analysing structural signs is of utmost importance to avoid overdiagnosis of spondyloarthritis.

International audience; BACKGROUND: Skin chronic rejection (CR) in vascularized composite allotransplantation has not been included in the Banff classification yet. We report a face-transplant patient who developed cutaneous clinicopathologic changes suggestive of CR. METHODS: The recipient was a 27-year-old man with severe disfigurement of the lower face due to a pyrotechnic explosion. He received a facial allograft, including mandible, cheeks, lips, and chin, in November 2009. Immunosuppression included antithymocyte globulins and bone-marrow infusion then steroids, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil. RESULTS: During the first posttransplant year the acute rejection episodes were characterized by reversible oedema and erythema of the graft. Subsequently, the patient developed primary asymptomatic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, followed by EBV+ B-cell lymphoma and hepatic EBV-associated posttransplant smooth muscle tumors; therefore, the immunosuppressive treatment was greatly reduced. Since the second posttransplant year, the allografted facial skin became progressively sclerotic and presented pigmented macules on a background of hypopigmentation and teleangiectasias, resulting in a poikilodermatous aspect. Skin biopsies showed epidermal atrophy, basal cell vacuolization, and diffuse dermal sclerosis in the absence of significant dermal cell infiltration. The dermal capillaries showed thickened walls and narrowed lumina, whereas the large vessels did not show significant alterations. Neither donor-specific antibodies nor vascular Cd4 deposits were detected.A dysfunction of the graft functions occurred. It was evidenced by a decrease in mouth opening and modification of some phonemes although lip closure was still possible allowing food intake. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report suggestive of CR in a face allotransplantation after immunosuppression minimization.

We were pleased to read the correspondence of Furuhashi et al 1 who highlighted the importance of considering coexisting risk factors when diagnosing axial spondyloArthritis (ax-SpA) in early postpartum women. The authors correctly pointed out that patients with inflammatory bowel disease are more likely to develop ax-SpA due to common pathogenic mechanisms.2 In fact, the presence of Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis is part of the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society criteria for the diagnosis of ax-SpA.3 In our study, on the prevalence of …