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The prognostic significance of the thrombin generation assay (TGA) with a thrombomodulin (TM) challenge in patients entering hospital with severe COVID-19 is uncertain.We prospectively evaluated an automated TGA (aTGA) using the ST-ThromboScreen® assay and ST-Genesia® analyser in 179 patients with severe COVID-19 during their admission to 2 university hospitals. The primary outcome was early survival at Day 28 (D28). Secondary outcomes were late survival at Day 90 (D90), later transfer to an intensive care unit (ICU), and occurrence of any thrombotic complications during hospitalisation.Among the 174 patients, 50 were initially admitted to ICUs. Forty-two were transferred to ICUs before D28. Fourteen patients, all in ICUs, died before D28, and 20 before D90, all but 1 in ICUs. None of the aTGA-derived results were associated with vital status either at D28 or D90. Nine patients had a thrombotic event with no association with the aTGA results. Later transfer to the ICU was associated with higher velocity index, thrombin peak height and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) values of the aTGA performed with TM, and mainly with a lower TM-induced decrease in ETP (odds ratio 15.5 (2.15-132), p = 0.009).aTGA, a global assay supposed to evidence coagulopathy, could predict neither early or late survival, nor thrombotic events, in hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Its clinical justification in that setting is thus unlikely. A relative resistance of the ETP to TM was associated with later transfer to the ICU and deserves further investigation.

Limitations in the data used to define thromboprophylaxis for patients with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLAbs) and thrombosis include uncertainties after an initial provoked venous thromboembolic event (VTE). We aimed to study such cases associated with combined oral contraceptive (COC) intake.We retrospectively analysed thrombotic outcomes after a first COC-associated VTE and positive aPLAbs, with a low risk HERDOO2 score, on low-dose aspirin (LDA) secondary thromboprophylaxis, seen from 2010 to 2021 in 3 tertiary referral centres, one in France and 2 in Russia. Data from 264 patients (distal deep vein thrombosis DVT: 62.9 %), cumulating in 1327.7 patient-years of observation, were collected.There were 22 cases of thrombosis: 16 distal DVTs, 3 proximal, 1 pulmonary embolism (PE) and 2 transient ischemic attacks. Recurrence rate was 1.66 per 100 patient-years (p-y; 95 % CI: 0.96-2.33). No major bleeding occurred. Risk factors affecting recurrence-free survival were the time between first COC intake and VTE (p 0.0001; the shortest, the lower), proximal DVT (p = 0.021), active smoking (p = 0.039), an associated systemic disease (p = 0.043) and circulating monocyte counts (p = 0.001).We observed a low risk of recurrence which was modulated by classical risk factors for VTE. These observational data may provide clues for future randomized controlled trials.

Background: Contracting COVID-19 during pregnancy can harm both the mother and the unborn child. Pregnant women are highly likely to develop respiratory viral infection complications with critical conditions caused by physiological changes in the immune and cardiopulmonary systems. Asymptomatic COVID-19 in pregnant women may be accompanied by fetal inflammatory response syndrome, which has adverse consequences for the newborn’s life and health. Purpose: To conduct an inflammatory response assessment of the fetus due to the effects of COVID-19 on the mother during pregnancy by determining pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell markers, T regulatory cells, T cell response, evaluation of cardiac function, and thymus size. Materials and methods: A prospective study included pregnant women (n = 92). The main group consisted of 62 pregnant women with COVID-19 infection: subgroup 1—SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive pregnant women 4–6 weeks before delivery (n = 30); subgroup 2—SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive earlier during pregnancy (n = 32). The control group consisted of 30 healthy pregnant women. In all pregnant women, the levels of circulating cytokines and chemokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, TNF-α, IFN-γ, MIP-1β, and CXCL-10) were determined in the peripheral blood and after delivery in the umbilical cord blood, and an analysis was performed of the cell markers on dendritic cells, quantitative and functional characteristics of T regulatory cells, and specific T cell responses. The levels of thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone were determined in the newborns of the studied groups, and ultrasound examinations of the thymus and echocardiography of the heart were also performed. Results: The cord blood dendritic cells of newborns born to mothers who suffered from COVID-19 4–6 weeks before delivery (subgroup 1) showed a significant increase in CD80 and CD86 expression compared to the control group (p = 0.023). In the umbilical cord blood samples of children whose mothers tested positive for COVID-19 4–6 weeks before delivery (subgroup 1), the CD4+CCR7+ T cells increased with a concomitant decrease in the proportion of naive CD4+ T cells compared with the control group (p = 0.016). Significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were detected in the newborns of subgroup 1 compared to the control group. In the newborns of subgroup 1, the functional activity of T regulatory cells was suppressed, compared with the newborns of the control group (p < 0.001). In all pregnant women with a severe coronavirus infection, a weak T cell response was detected in them as well as in their newborns. In newborns whose mothers suffered a coronavirus infection, a decrease in thymus size, transient hypothyroxinemia, and changes in functional parameters according to echocardiography were revealed compared with the newborns of the control group. Conclusions: Fetal inflammatory response syndrome can occur in infants whose mothers suffered from a COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and is characterized by the activation of the fetal immune system and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The disease severity in a pregnant woman does not correlate with SIRS severity in the neonatal period. It can vary from minimal laboratory parameter changes to the development of complications in the organs and systems of the fetus and newborn.

International audience; Objective: To explore the regulatory role of soluble CD146 (sCD146) and its interaction with galectin-1 (Gal1) in placenta-mediated complications of pregnancy.Design: Prospective pilot and experimental studies.Setting: University-affiliated hospital and academic research laboratory.Patient(s): One hundred fifteen women divided into three groups: 30 healthy, nonpregnant women, 50 women with normal pregnancies, and 35 with placenta-mediated pregnancy complications.Intervention(s): Wound-healing experiments were conducted to study trophoblast migration.Main outcome measure(s): Quantification of sCD146 and Gal1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analysis of trophoblast migration by wound closure.Result(s): Concomitant detection of sCD146 and Gal1 showed lower sCD146 and higher Gal1 concentrations in women with normal pregnancies compared with nonpregnant women. In addition, follow-up of these women revealed a decrease in sCD146 associated with an increase in Gal1 throughout pregnancy. In contrast, in women with preeclampsia, we found significantly higher sCD146 concentrations compared with women with normal pregnancies and no modification of Gal1. We emphasize the opposing effects of sCD146 and Gal, since, unlike Gal1, sCD146 inhibits trophoblast migration. Moreover, the migratory effect of Gal1 was abrogated with the use of an anti-CD146 blocking antibody or the use of small interfering RNA to silence VEGFR2 expression. This suggests that trophoblast migration is mediated though the interaction of Gal1 with CD146, further activating the VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Significantly, sCD146 blocked the migratory effects of Gal1 on trophoblasts and inhibited its secretion, suggesting that sCD146 acts as a ligand trap.Conclusion(s): Soluble CD146 could be proposed as a biomarker in preeclampsia and a potential therapeutic target. Clinical trial registration number: NCT 01736826.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01736826.

After the vaccination campaign initiation in Europe and the UK, reports of rare cases of atypical thrombosis, including sinus vein thrombosis and splanchnic venous thrombosis, began to appear in association with the use of vector vaccines AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1) and Johnson & Johnson/Janssen. The syndrome called VITT (vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia) manifested as thrombosis simultaneously with a decrease in platelet count, a significant increase in D-dimer levels and a detection of factor 4 platelet (PF4) antibodies. We present a detailed review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostics and treatment of VITT, which is by its nature an immune complication, similar to the processes occurring in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). All international and national organizations and regulatory authorities, including experts in the field of thrombosis and hemostasis and the VITT expert council recommend continuing the prompt mass vaccination against COVID-19 as the only method that can reduce the incidence of severe cases, stop the spread of COVID-19 infection and the emergence of new dangerous mutations in the viral genome. Failure to vaccinate poses an incomparably greater risk of fatal thrombotic and inflammatory complications associated with infections, compared with the risks of extremely rare adverse events that can occur after vaccination. It should be noted that information on VITT, described as a sporadic phenomenon of an abnormal immune response to some variants of vaccines against COVID-19, cannot be translated to other vaccines (including registered in the Russian Federation) and even more cannot be a reason for refusal to use them.

The rate of thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been increasing in COVID-19 patients. Key features related to such condition include minimal or no risk of bleeding, moderate thrombocytopenia, high plasma fibrinogen as well as complement components level in the areas of thrombotic microangiopathy. The clinical picture is not typical for classic DIC. This review systematizes the pathogenetic mechanisms of hypercoagulation in sepsis and its extreme forms in patients with COVID-19. The latter consist of the thrombosis-related immune mechanisms, the complement activation, the macrophage activation syndrome, the formation of antiphospholipid antibodies, the hyperferritinemia, and the dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system. Taking into consideration the pathogenetic mechanisms, the biomarkers had been identified related to the prognosis of the disease development. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease and other risk factors, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and aging pose the peak risk of dying from COVID-19. We also summarize new data on platelet and endothelial dysfunction, immunothrombosis, and, as a result, thrombotic storm as essential components of COVID-19 severe features.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune process that increases the risk of arterial and venous thrombosis. The mechanism of damage to the central nervous system (CNS) can be not only due to thrombosis, but also antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) circulating in the peripheral blood. The latter can damage the cerebral vascular endothelium, alter the resistance of the blood-brain barrier and penetrate into the central nervous system, exerting a damaging effect on astroglia and neurons, as evidenced by the release of neurospecific proteins into the peripheral bloodstream. The role of APS in developing cerebral ischemia, migraine, epilepsy, chorea, transverse myelitis, multiple sclerosis, cognitive impairment and mental disorders, as well as the peripheral nervous system is described. It should also be noted about a role of APS for emerging neurological disorders in COVID-19, enabled apart from thrombogenesis due to APA via 2 potential mechanisms - molecular mimicry and neoepitope formation. Further study of the APS pathogenesis and interdisciplinary interaction are necessary to develop effective methods for patient management.

Our knowledge regarding chemical structure and properties of heparin and its derivatives, including biological properties in blood plasma, on the cell surface and while interacting with receptors, has been progressively growing. New insights are followed by the expansion of therapeutic opportunities and indications for the use of heparins. There are prerequisites for the creation of new generation drugs with modified properties that reduce a bleeding risk while applied for a non-anticoagulant goal. The non-anticoagulant heparin properties allow to consider it as a candidate for pathogenetic treatment of patients with COVID-19. This review focuses on the anticoagulant and non-anticoagulant heparin properties as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.

This article summarizes numerous studies on the relationship of biological processes such as inflammation and thrombosis. The huge role of neutrophils and the extracellular neutrophil traps (NETs) secreted by them has been demonstrated. The discovery of NETs has opened new horizons in the understanding of neutrophil biology and the role of these cells in the body. The use of chromatin in combination with the intracellular proteins, as an effective antimicrobial agent has ancient roots and changes our understanding of chromatin only as a carrier of genetic information. Through NETs, neutrophils can contribute to the development of pathological venous and arterial thrombosis or immunothrombosis, as well as atherosclerosis. NETs release has been shown to be one of the causes of thrombosis in conditions such as sepsis and cancer. The presence of NETs in these diseases and conditions makes it possible to use them or individual components as potential biomarkers. NETs and their components may be attractive as therapeutic targets. Further studies of neutrophils and NETs are needed to develop new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory and thrombotic conditions. Perhaps long-forgotten drugs will find a new area for effective use.

ImportanceThe covid-19 pandemic induced a severe disruption in hospital activity. Cardiovascular illnesses represent a major health burden in industrialised countries and are second in terms of hospital bed occupancy in France. Considering the resources mobilized and the public health issue involved, it is necessary to study the impact of the pandemic on their incidences.ObjectiveTo monitor changes in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases during years 2020 and 2021 compared to 2019.DesignNationwide population-based cohort study.SettingFrench hospital discharge database between January 1 and October 30 in 2019, 2020 and 2021.ParticipantsNew patients hospitalized for vascular disease in Metropolitan France. A patient was considered as incident for a morbidity if not present in the database in the previous two years with the morbidity as the primary reason for admission.Main outcome measuresStandardized hospitalization incidence difference and relative risk of hospitalization for a series of targeted vascular diseases from January 1 to October 31 for 2021 versus 2019. Demographic data from 2019 were used for the standardization of patient counts by 10-year age strata for each morbidity and year.ResultsWhile the relative risk of hospitalization in 2021 versus 2019 decreased for almost all diseases, an increase in relative risk was observed for myocarditis (28.0%) and pulmonary embolisms (10.0%).In 2020, the relative risk of hospitalization versus 2019 also decreased for almost all diseases but remained stable for myocarditis and increased by 4.0% for pulmonary embolisms.In 2021, the difference in myocarditis coincided with the vaccination campaign in young individuals. The increase in pulmonary embolism occurred predominantly in older women, with a weak but still noticeable coincidence with the vaccination campaign.ConclusionsThe deficit in care for patients with acute atherothrombotic manifestations in 2021 and 2020 shows a failure by the French healthcare system to rectify the deficiencies of 2020. The risk excess for pulmonary embolism cannot be entirely explained by covid-19 or by vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. This warrants investigating the risk/efficacy ratio of a temporary thromboprophylaxis in individuals at risk before vaccine.

NETosis is an innate immune response occurring after infection or inflammation: activated neutrophils expel decondensed DNA in complex with histones into the extracellular environment in a controlled manner. It activates coagulation and fuels the risk of thrombosis. Human pregnancy is associated with a mild proinflammatory state characterized by circulatory neutrophil activation which is further increased in complicated pregnancies, placenta-mediated complications being associated with an increased thrombotic risk. This aberrant activation leads to an increased release of nucleosomes in the blood flow. The aim of our study was to initially quantify nucleosome-bound histones in normal pregnancy and in placenta-mediated complication counterpart. We analyzed the role of histones on extravillous trophoblast function. Circulating nucleosome-bound histones H3 (Nu.QH3.1, Nu.QH3PanCit, Nu.QH3K27me3) and H4 (Nu.QH4K16Ac) were increased in complicated pregnancies. In vitro using the extravillous cell line HTR-8/SVNeo, we observed that free recombinant H2B, H3, and H4 inhibited migration in wound healing assay, but only H3 also blocked invasion in Matrigel-coated Transwell experiments. H3 and H4 also induced apoptosis, whereas H2B did not. Finally, the negative effects of H3 on invasion and apoptosis could be restored with enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), but not with aspirin. Different circulating nucleosome-bound histones are increased in complicated pregnancy and this would affect migration, invasion, and induce apoptosis of extravillous trophoblasts. Histones might be part of the link between the risk of thrombosis and pregnancy complications, with an effect of LMWH on both.

Dear editors of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Journal! Due to the particular urgency of the problem of managing patients with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), we are sending a letter outlining our position on this issue.

Background Anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-β2 glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) immunoglobulin A (IgA) antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have shown to associate with thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. However, inclusion of IgA aPL in the classification criteria of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) has been debated. We investigated the value of aCL and aβ2GPI IgA aPL in the detection of thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity in addition to the current aPL panel for APS. Methods We included 1,068 patients from eight European medical centers: 259 thrombotic APS patients, 122 obstetric APS patients, 204 non-APS thrombosis patients, 33 non-APS obstetric patients, 60 APS patients with unspecified clinical manifestations, 196 patients with autoimmune diseases, and 194 controls. aCL and aβ2GPI IgG/M/A were detected with four commercial assays and lupus anticoagulant was determined by the local center. Results Positivity for IgA aPL was found in 17 to 26% of the patients with clinical manifestations of APS and in 6 to 13% of the control population. Both aCL and aβ2GPI IgA were significantly associated with thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. Isolated IgA positivity was rare in patients with clinical manifestations of APS (0.3–5%) and not associated with thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity. Addition of IgA to the current criterion panel did not increase odds ratios for thrombosis nor pregnancy morbidity. Conclusion aCL and aβ2GPI IgA are associated with clinical manifestations of APS. However, isolated IgA positivity was rare and not associated with thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity. These data do not support testing for aCL and aβ2GPI IgA subsequent to conventional aPL assays in identifying patients with thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity.

The pandemic of a novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 has become a real challenge to the mankind and medical community and has raised a number of medical and social issues. Based on the currently available information on COVID-19 clinical cases, it follows that COVID-19 patients in critical condition exhibit a clinical picture of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), septic shock with developing multiple organ failure, which justifies use of anticoagulant therapy in COVID-19 patients. In addition to isolating virus RNA from biological material and polymerase chain reaction diagnostics, use of simple and easily accessible laboratory blood markers is necessary for management of COVID-19 patients. If the activation of coagulation processes is sufficient enough, consumption of platelets and blood clotting factors can be diagnosed by laboratory methods as prolongation of routine blood clotting tests and increasing thrombocytopenia. Hyperfibrinogenemia, increased D-dimer level, prolonged prothrombin time, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, leukocytopenia, increased concentration of interleukin-6 and ferritin are observed in most COVID19 patients. The degree of increase in these changes correlates with severity of the inflammatory process and serves as a prognostically unfavorable sign. Here we discuss value of laboratory monitoring playing an essential role in such pathological crisis that contributes to patient screening, diagnosis as well as further monitoring, treatment and rehabilitation.

Background Few data are available on thrombotic outcomes during pregnancy and puerperium occurring after an initial provoked venous thromboembolic (VTE) event. Objectives To describe thrombotic outcomes during pregnancy after a first combined oral contraceptive (COC)-associated VTE and the factors associated with recurrence. Methods This was an international multicentric retrospective study on patients referred for thrombophilia screening from January 1, 2010 to January 1, 2021 following a first COC-associated VTE, including women with neither inherited thrombophilia nor antiphospholipid antibodies and focusing on those who had a subsequent pregnancy under the same thromboprophylaxis treatment. Thrombotic recurrences during pregnancy and puerperium as well as risk factors for recurrence were analyzed. Results We included 2,145 pregnant women. A total of 88 thrombotic events, 58 antenatal and 29 postnatal, occurred, mostly during the first trimester of pregnancy and the first 2 weeks of puerperium. Incidence rates were 49.6 (37–62) per 1,000 patient-years during pregnancy and 118.7 (78–159) per 1,000 patient-years during puerperium. Focusing on pulmonary embolism, incidence rates were 1.68 (1–4) per 1,000 patient-years during pregnancy and 65.5 (35–97) per 1,000 patient-years during puerperium.Risk factors for antenatal recurrences were maternal hypercholesterolemia and birth of a very small-for-gestational-age neonate. A risk factor for postnatal recurrence was the incidence of preeclampsia. Conclusion Our multicentric retrospective data show significant rates of VTE recurrence during pregnancy and puerperium in women with a previous VTE event associated with COC, despite a unique low-molecular-weight heparin-based thromboprophylaxis. These results may provide benchmarks and valuable information for designing future randomized controlled trials.

The International Initiative on Thrombosis and Cancer is an independent academic working group of experts aimed at establishing global consensus for the treatment and prophylaxis of cancer-associated thrombosis. The 2013, 2016, and 2019 International Initiative on Thrombosis and Cancer clinical practice guidelines have been made available through a free, web-based mobile phone application. The 2022 clinical practice guidelines, which are based on a literature review up to Jan 1, 2022, include guidance for patients with cancer and with COVID-19. Key recommendations (grade 1A or 1B) include: (1) low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) for the initial (first 10 days) treatment and maintenance treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis; (2) direct oral anticoagulants for the initial treatment and maintenance treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis in patients who are not at high risk of gastrointestinal or genitourinary bleeding, in the absence of strong drug-drug interactions or of gastrointestinal absorption impairment; (3) LMWHs or direct oral anticoagulants for a minimum of 6 months to treat cancer-associated thrombosis; (4) extended prophylaxis (4 weeks) with LMWHs to prevent postoperative venous thromboembolism after major abdominopelvic surgery in patients not at high risk of bleeding; and (5) primary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism with LMWHs or direct oral anticoagulants (rivaroxaban or apixaban) in ambulatory patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer who are treated with anticancer therapy and have a low risk of bleeding.

During pregnancy, maternal vitamin D insufficiency could increase the risk of preeclampsia. Aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D status and the occurrence of placenta-mediated complications (PMCs) in a population at high risk. A prospective multicenter cohort study of 200 pregnant patients was conducted. The vitamin D level of patients with placenta-mediated complications was lower at 32 weeks compared to uncomplicated pregnancies (P = 0.001). At 32 weeks, the risk of occurrence of PMCs was five times higher in patients with vitamin D deficiency (RR: 5.14 95% CI (1.50–17.55)) compared to patients with normal vitamin D levels. There was a strong, inverse relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels at 32 weeks and the subsequent risk of PMCs (P = 0.001). At 32 weeks, the vitamin D level of patients with late-onset PMCs was lower than the one of patients with early-onset PMCs and of patients without PMCs (P

Background Classification of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) relies predominantly on detecting antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). Antibodies against a domain I (DI) epitope of anti-beta 2glycoprotein I (beta 2GPI) proved to be pathogenic, but are not included in the current classification criteria. Objectives Investigate the clinical value of detecting anti-DI IgG in APS. Patients/Methods From eight European centers 1005 patients were enrolled. Anti-cardiolipin (CL) and anti-beta 2GPI were detected by four commercially available solid phase assays; anti-DI IgG by the QUANTA Flash (R) beta 2GPI domain I assay. Results Odds ratios (ORs) of anti-DI IgG for thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity proved to be higher than those of the conventional assays. Upon restriction to patients positive for anti-beta 2GPI IgG, anti-DI IgG positivity still resulted in significant ORs. When anti-DI IgG was added to the criteria aPLs or used as a substitute for anti-beta 2GPI IgG/anti-CL IgG, ORs for clinical symptoms hardly improved. Upon removing anti-DI positive patients, lupus anticoagulant remained significantly correlated with clinical complications. Anti-DI IgG are mainly present in high-risk triple positive patients, showing higher levels. Combined anti-DI and triple positivity confers a higher risk for clinical symptoms compared to only triple positivity. Conclusions Detection of anti-DI IgG resulted in higher ORs for clinical manifestations than the current APS classification criteria. Regardless of the platform used to detect anti-beta 2GPI/anti-CL, addition of anti-DI IgG measured by QUANTA Flash (R) did not improve the clinical associations, possibly due to reduced exposure of the pathogenic epitope of DI. Our results demonstrate that anti-DI IgG potentially helps in identifying high-risk patients.

Background The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity with the persistent presence of lupus anticoagulant (LAC), anti-cardiolipin (aCL) and/or anti-beta 2glycoprotein I (a beta 2GPI) antibodies of the immunoglobulin G/immunoglobulin M (IgG/IgM) isotype. However, the role of aCL and a beta 2GPI IgM as a serologic marker in APS is debated. Objectives We aimed to assess the diagnostic and clinical value of IgM antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in APS within the classification criteria. Patients/Methods Our multicenter study comprised 1008 patients, including APS patients and controls. Anti-CL and a beta 2GPI IgG and IgM antibodies were detected with four commercially available solid phase assays. Results Positivity for aCL and/or a beta 2GPI antibodies was significantly correlated with thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity, independent of the isotype and solid phase assay. Higher odds ratios were obtained for IgG compared to IgM positivity. Isolated IgM was rare in thrombotic APS, but more frequent in obstetric APS, ranging from 3.5% to 5.4% and 5.7% to 12.3%, respectively, dependent on the solid phase assay. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis of aPL, IgM positivity was found to be associated with pregnancy morbidity. However, detection of IgM was not independently associated with thrombosis. Combined positivity for LAC, IgG, and IgM was highly associated with thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. Conclusions Our data support testing for aCL and a beta 2GPI IgM in women suspected of obstetric APS. However, no added value was found for testing IgM in patients suspected of thrombotic APS. Still, IgM aPL might be useful as a second-line test to improve thrombotic risk stratification.

Resume Introduction L’hemophilie acquise est une maladie auto-immune exceptionnelle. Le traitement immunosuppresseur a pour objectif d’enrayer la production d’autoanticorps inhibiteurs des facteurs VIII (FVIII) ou IX (FIX) de la coagulation. Une association corticotherapie-cyclophosphamide est recommandee en premiere intention. A partir de notre experience au CHU de Nimes, nous discutons la place du rituximab dans l’arsenal therapeutique. Methodes Nous rapportons une etude observationnelle monocentrique retrospective. Nos donnees sont discutees a la lumiere des donnees de la litterature, en particulier des cohortes EACH2 et SACHA. Resultats Huit patients dont 7 avec un anticorps anti-FVIII ont ete consecutivement inclus a partir de 2005. L’âge moyen etait de 68,5 ans avec une predominance masculine (62,5 %). Les manifestations hemorragiques etaient habituellement spontanees et superficielles. Une pathologie, notamment auto-immune ou neoplasique, etait associee chez 5 des 8 patients. Un traitement hemostatique dit « by-passant » etait prescrit pour 3 patients. Du rituximab etait prescrit pour 5 patients, dont trois fois en premiere intention, et toujours associe a la corticotherapie. Trois patients ont recu une association cyclophosphamide/cortisone, deux ont ete traites exclusivement par une corticotherapie orale. La remission etait obtenue chez tous les patients, sans rechute ulterieure. Le delai moyen pour obtenir la remission sous rituximab (apres la premiere injection) etait de 32,5 jours (10–143). Les resultats observes dans notre serie de patients sont coherents avec les donnees de la litterature. Conclusion Le rituximab semble etre un traitement efficace et bien tolere de l’hemophilie acquise auto-immune. Sa place reste cependant a preciser.

International audience; Normal pregnancy is associated with an increasing state of activation of the haemostatic system. This activation state is excessive in women with placenta-mediated pregnancy complications (PMPCs), including preeclampsia (PE). Platelet activation plays a crucial pathophysiological role in PE. The very early activation of coagulation in the intervillous space is mandatory for placental growth and morphogenesis but its excesses and/or inadequate control may participate to the emergence of the trophoblastic phenotype of PE. Extracellular vesicles, of endothelial but also of trophoblastic origin, can favour key cellular reactions of preeclampsia, acting as proactive cofactors. The understanding of this intricate relationship between haemostasis activation and PMPCs may provide interesting keys for new pathophysiological therapeutic developments.

No reference values are currently available for coagulation assays performed for thrombophilia screening prescribed according to guidelines, after a first venous thromboembolic (VTE) event, and we have no idea of the intra-patient associations between results.We performed a retrospective study of consecutive prescriptions fulfilling guidelines in a French university hospital from 2010 to 2019 (n = 3842) from the Glims® laboratory information system. We collected results of 12 parameters: aPTT, PT, fibrinogen (Fg), one-stage clotting methods for factors VIII, IX, XI and II (FVIII, FIX, FXI, FII), antithrombin (using an amidolytic assay: AT), protein C and S (using clotting assays: PC and PS) and mixing tests of a lupus-anticoagulant sensitive aPTT and of DRVVT.We show the results of the 12 parameters from 3603 individual files with less than 6 missing values, then describe these distributions and correlations between results from 2930 files with no missing value. We give the frequency of results described as indicating a risk of first VTE or of VTE recurrence. We propose 2 quantitative scores linking the 12 parameters at the individual level and reflecting their degree of dispersion with respect to their mean, describe the values of these scores and their associations with thrombophilic results.These normal values should help laboratory workers to validate process results and to assess their degree of originality. Our 2 scores should help to determine the intra-patient plausibility of associations of results. The usefulness of these laboratory scores for predicting clinically-relevant outcomes deserves to be investigated.