Author: "Jean-François Lemaître" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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142 results on '"Jean-François Lemaître"'

1. A unified framework for evolutionary genetic and physiological theories of aging.

Author: Jean-François Lemaître, Jacob Moorad, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Alexei A Maklakov, and Daniel H Nussey
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Why and how we age are 2 intertwined questions that have fascinated scientists for many decades. However, attempts to answer these questions remain compartmentalized, preventing a comprehensive understanding of the aging process. We argue that the current lack of knowledge about the evolution of aging mechanisms is due to a lack of clarity regarding evolutionary theories of aging that explicitly involve physiological processes: the disposable soma theory (DST) and the developmental theory of aging (DTA). In this Essay, we propose a new hierarchical model linking genes to vital rates, enabling us to critically reevaluate the DST and DTA in terms of their relationship to evolutionary genetic theories of aging (mutation accumulation (MA) and antagonistic pleiotropy (AP)). We also demonstrate how these 2 theories can be incorporated in a unified hierarchical framework. The new framework will help to generate testable hypotheses of how the hallmarks of aging are shaped by natural selection.
Published: 2024
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2. Editorial: The evolutionary roots of reproductive ageing and reproductive health across the tree of life

Author: Jean-François Lemaître and Jean-Michel Gaillard
Subjects: abortion, cancer, demography, fecundity, fertility, life history, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Published: 2023
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3. Cancer hygiene hypothesis: A test from wild captive mammals

Author: Antoine M. Dujon, Jérémy Jeanjean, Orsolya Vincze, Mathieu Giraudeau, Jean‐François Lemaître, Pascal Pujol, Beata Ujvari, and Frédéric Thomas
Subjects: animal care, biodiversity, captivity, neoplasm, pathogen, treatment, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Abstract The hygiene hypothesis, according to which the recent reduction of exposure to infectious agents in the human species would be the origin of various diseases, including autoimmune diseases and cancer, has often been proposed but not properly tested on animals. Here, we evaluated the relevance of this hypothesis to cancer risk in mammals in an original way, namely by using information on zoo mammals. We predicted that a higher richness of parasitic cohorts in the species' natural habitat would result in a greater occurrence of evolutionary mismatch due to the reduction of parasites in captive conditions. This, in turn, could contribute to an increased risk of developing lethal cancers. Using a comparative analysis of 112 mammalian species, we explored the potential relationship between cancer risk and parasite species richness using generalized phylogenetic least squares regressions to relate parasite species richness to cancer risk data. We found no strong evidence that parasite species richness increased cancer risk in zoo mammals for any of the parasite groups we tested. Without constituting definitive proof of the irrelevance of the hygienic hypothesis, our comparative study using zoo mammals does not support it, at least with respect to cancer risks.
Published: 2023
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4. Temporal dynamics of antibody level against Lyme disease bacteria in roe deer: Tale of a sentinel?

Author: Valentin Ollivier, Rémi Choquet, Amandine Gamble, Matthieu Bastien, Benoit Combes, Emmanuelle Gilot‐Fromont, Maryline Pellerin, Jean‐Michel Gaillard, Jean‐François Lemaître, Hélène Verheyden, and Thierry Boulinier
Subjects: Borrelia burdorgferi sensu lato, Capreolus capreolus, capture–mark–recapture, disease ecology, Ixodes ricinus, serology, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Abstract Changes in the risk of exposure to infectious disease agents can be tracked through variations in antibody prevalence in vertebrate host populations. However, information on the temporal dynamics of the immune status of individuals is critical. If antibody levels persist a long time after exposure to an infectious agent, they could enable the efficient detection of the past circulation of the agent; if they persist only a short time, they could provide snap shots of recent exposure of sampled hosts. Here, we explored the temporal dynamics of seropositivity against Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) in individuals of a widespread medium‐sized mammal species, the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), in France. Using a modified commercially available immunoassay we tested 1554 blood samples obtained in two wild deer populations monitored from 2010 to 2020. Using multi‐event capture‐mark‐recapture models, we estimated yearly population‐, age‐, and sex‐specific rates of seroconversion and seroreversion after accounting for imperfect detection. The yearly seroconversion rates indicated a higher level of exposure in early (2010–2013) than in late years (2014–2019) to infected tick bites in both populations, without any detectable influence of sex or age. The relatively high rates of seroreversion indicated a short‐term persistence of antibody levels against Bbsl in roe deer. This was confirmed by the analysis of samples collected on a set of captive individuals that were resampled several times a few weeks apart. Our findings show the potential usefulness of deer as a sentinel for tracking the risk of exposure to Lyme disease Bbsl, although further investigation on the details of the antibody response to Bbsl in this incompetent host would be useful. Our study also highlights the value of combining long‐term capture‐mark‐recapture sampling and short‐time analyses of serological data for wildlife populations exposed to infectious agents of relevance to wildlife epidemiology and human health.
Published: 2023
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5. Natal environmental conditions modulate senescence of antler length in roe deer

Author: Solène Cambreling, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Maryline Pellerin, Cécile Vanpé, François Débias, Daniel Delorme, Rébecca Garcia, A. J. Mark Hewison, and Jean-François Lemaître
Subjects: Capreolus capreolus, reproductive ageing, secondary sexual traits, sexual selection, weapon, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: It is now broadly admitted that female reproductive senescence – a decline in reproductive performance with increasing age – occurs in most species, at least among birds and mammals. Although information is more limited, male reproductive senescence has been regularly inferred from the decline in the size or performance of phenotypic traits that underly male reproductive success, particularly secondary sexual traits. However, the degree to which environmental conditions influence the pattern of senescence in sexual traits remains largely unknown. From the analysis of two long-term studies of populations of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) subjected to markedly different environmental contexts in the wild, we tested the hypothesis that harsh natal and/or current conditions should lead to earlier and/or stronger rates of senescence in the length of fully-grown antlers than good natal and/or current conditions. We found evidence of similar patterns of antler length senescence in both populations, with an onset of senescence around 7 years of age and a decrease of length by about 1–1.5 cm per additional year of life from 7 years of age onwards. We found that good early-life conditions delay senescence in antler length in roe deer. Our results also revealed that senescent males seem to be unable to allocate substantially to antler growth, confirming that antler size is, therefore, an honest signal of male individual quality. By modulating age-specific allocation to secondary sexual traits, natal and current conditions could influence female mate choice and male–male competition over mates, and as a result age-specific reproductive success, and should be accounted for when studying the dynamics of sexual selection.
Published: 2023
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6. How much energetic trade‐offs limit selection? Insights from livestock and related laboratory model species

Author: Frédéric Douhard, Mathieu Douhard, Hélène Gilbert, Philippe Monget, Jean‐Michel Gaillard, and Jean‐François Lemaître
Subjects: livestock breeding, metabolic rate, pleiotropy, senescence, trade‐offs, Evolution, QH359-425
Abstract: Abstract Trade‐offs between life history traits are expected to occur due to the limited amount of resources that organisms can obtain and share among biological functions, but are of least concern for selection responses in nutrient‐rich or benign environments. In domestic animals, selection limits have not yet been reached despite strong selection for higher meat, milk or egg yields. Yet, negative genetic correlations between productivity traits and health or fertility traits have often been reported, supporting the view that trade‐offs do occur in the context of nonlimiting resources. The importance of allocation mechanisms in limiting genetic changes can thus be questioned when animals are mostly constrained by their time to acquire and process energy rather than by feed availability. Selection for high productivity traits early in life should promote a fast metabolism with less energy allocated to self‐maintenance (contributing to soma preservation and repair). Consequently, the capacity to breed shortly after an intensive period of production or to remain healthy should be compromised. We assessed those predictions in mammalian and avian livestock and related laboratory model species. First, we surveyed studies that compared energy allocation to maintenance between breeds or lines of contrasting productivity but found little support for the occurrence of an energy allocation trade‐off. Second, selection experiments for lower feed intake per unit of product (i.e. higher feed efficiency) generally resulted in reduced allocation to maintenance, but this did not entail fitness costs in terms of survival or future reproduction. These findings indicate that the consequences of a particular selection in domestic animals are much more difficult to predict than one could anticipate from the energy allocation framework alone. Future developments to predict the contribution of time constraints and trade‐offs to selection limits will be insightful to breed livestock in increasingly challenging environments.
Published: 2021
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7. Cancer Susceptibility as a Cost of Reproduction and Contributor to Life History Evolution

Author: Antoine M. Dujon, Justine Boutry, Sophie Tissot, Jean-François Lemaître, Amy M. Boddy, Anne-Lise Gérard, Alexandra Alvergne, Audrey Arnal, Orsolya Vincze, Delphine Nicolas, Mathieu Giraudeau, Marina Telonis-Scott, Aaron Schultz, Pascal Pujol, Peter A. Biro, Christa Beckmann, Rodrigo Hamede, Benjamin Roche, Beata Ujvari, and Frédéric Thomas
Subjects: disease, sexual selection, reproduction, reproductive aging, neoplasia, transmissible cancer, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Reproduction is one of the most energetically demanding life-history stages. As a result, breeding individuals often experience trade-offs, where energy is diverted away from maintenance (cell repair, immune function) toward reproduction. While it is increasingly acknowledged that oncogenic processes are omnipresent, evolving and opportunistic entities in the bodies of metazoans, the associations among reproductive activities, energy expenditure, and the dynamics of malignant cells have rarely been studied. Here, we review the diverse ways in which age-specific reproductive performance (e.g., reproductive aging patterns) and cancer risks throughout the life course may be linked via trade-offs or other mechanisms, as well as discuss situations where trade-offs may not exist. We argue that the interactions between host–oncogenic processes should play a significant role in life-history theory, and suggest some avenues for future research.
Published: 2022
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8. Variation in the ontogenetic allometry of horn length in bovids along a body mass continuum

Author: Morgane Tidière, Jean‐Michel Gaillard, Mathieu Garel, Jean‐François Lemaître, Carole Toïgo, and Christophe Pélabon
Subjects: comparative analysis, development, ornament, sexual selection, ungulates, weapons, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Abstract Allometric relationships describe the proportional covariation between morphological, physiological, or life‐history traits and the size of the organisms. Evolutionary allometries estimated among species are expected to result from species differences in ontogenetic allometry, but it remains uncertain whether ontogenetic allometric parameters and particularly the ontogenetic slope can evolve. In bovids, the nonlinear evolutionary allometry between horn length and body mass in males suggests systematic changes in ontogenetic allometry with increasing species body mass. To test this hypothesis, we estimated ontogenetic allometry between horn length and body mass in males and females of 19 bovid species ranging from ca. 5 to 700 kg. Ontogenetic allometry changed systematically with species body mass from steep ontogenetic allometries over a short period of horn growth in small species to shallow allometry with the growth period of horns matching the period of body mass increase in the largest species. Intermediate species displayed steep allometry over long period of horn growth. Females tended to display shallower ontogenetic allometry with longer horn growth compared to males, but these differences were weak and highly variable. These findings show that ontogenetic allometric slope evolved across species possibly as a response to size‐related changes in the selection pressures acting on horn length and body mass.
Published: 2020
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9. No sex differences in adult telomere length across vertebrates: a meta-analysis

Author: Florentin Remot, Victor Ronget, Hannah Froy, Benjamin Rey, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Daniel H. Nussey, and Jean-François Lemaître
Subjects: telomere dynamics, sexual size dimorphism, heterogametic sex, ageing, longevity, life-history strategies, Science
Abstract: In many mammalian species, females live on average longer than males. In humans, women have consistently longer telomeres than men, and this has led to speculation that sex differences in telomere length (TL) could play a role in sex differences in longevity. To address the generality and drivers of patterns of sex differences in TL across vertebrates, we performed meta-analyses across 51 species. We tested two main evolutionary hypotheses proposed to explain sex differences in TL, namely the heterogametic sex disadvantage and the sexual selection hypotheses. We found no support for consistent sex differences in TL between males and females among mammal, bird, fish and reptile species. This absence of sex differences in TL across different classes of vertebrates does not support the heterogametic sex disadvantage hypothesis. Likewise, the absence of any negative effect of sexual size dimorphism on male TL suggests that sexual selection is not likely to mediate the magnitude of sex differences in TL across vertebrates. Finally, the comparative analyses we conducted did not detect any association between sex differences in TL and sex differences in longevity, which does not support the idea that sex differences in TL could explain the observed sex differences in longevity.
Published: 2020
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10. Variation in actuarial senescence does not reflect life span variation across mammals.

Author: Guillaume Péron, Jean-François Lemaître, Victor Ronget, Morgane Tidière, and Jean-Michel Gaillard
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: The concept of actuarial senescence (defined here as the increase in mortality hazards with age) is often confounded with life span duration, which obscures the relative role of age-dependent and age-independent processes in shaping the variation in life span. We use the opportunity afforded by the Species360 database, a collection of individual life span records in captivity, to analyze age-specific mortality patterns in relation to variation in life span. We report evidence of actuarial senescence across 96 mammal species. We identify the life stage (juvenile, prime-age, or senescent) that contributes the most to the observed variation in life span across species. Actuarial senescence only accounted for 35%-50% of the variance in life span across species, depending on the body mass category. We computed the sensitivity and elasticity of life span to five parameters that represent the three stages of the age-specific mortality curve-namely, the duration of the juvenile stage, the mean juvenile mortality, the prime-age (i.e., minimum) adult mortality, the age at the onset of actuarial senescence, and the rate of actuarial senescence. Next, we computed the between-species variance in these five parameters. Combining the two steps, we computed the relative contribution of each of the five parameters to the variance in life span across species. Variation in life span was increasingly driven by the intensity of actuarial senescence and decreasingly driven by prime-age adult mortality from small to large species because of changes in the elasticity of life span to these parameters, even if all the adult survival parameters consistently exhibited a canalization pattern of weaker variability among long-lived species than among short-lived ones. Our work unambiguously demonstrates that life span cannot be used to measure the strength of actuarial senescence, because a substantial and variable proportion of life span variation across mammals is not related to actuarial senescence metrics.
Published: 2019
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11. Assessing the Diversity of the Form of Age-Specific Changes in Adult Mortality from Captive Mammalian Populations

Author: Victor Ronget, Jean-François Lemaître, Morgane Tidière, and Jean-Michel Gaillard
Subjects: aging, senescence, demography, Bayesian analysis, population dynamics, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Actuarial senescence (i.e., the age-specific increase in mortality rate) is pervasive across mammalian species, but our current understanding of the diversity of forms that actuarial senescence displays across species remains limited. Although several mathematical models have been proposed to model actuarial senescence, there is still no consensus on which model to use, especially when comparing mortality patterns among species. To fill this knowledge gap, we fitted and compared different forms of increase using models commonly used in senescence studies (i.e., Gompertz, Weibull, and logistic) across 61 species of mammalian captive populations using the Bayesian Survival Trajectory Analysis (BaSTA) approach. For as much as 79% of the species, a Gompertz increase of mortality with age was the most parsimonious model that satisfactorily described the shape of age-specific mortality changes in adults. This highlights that the form of the increase in mortality is mostly consistent across mammalian species and follows the Gompertz rule with some rare exceptions. The implications of that result are twofold. First, the Gompertz rate of mortality increase should be used in cross-species comparative analyses of mammals, as already done in some studies. Second, although the Gompertz model accurately describes actuarial senescence in most mammals, there are notable exceptions, and the factors causing this deviation from an exponential mortality increase during the adult stage warrant further investigation.
Published: 2020
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12. Polyandry Has No Detectable Mortality Cost in Female Mammals.

Author: Jean-François Lemaître and Jean-Michel Gaillard
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: In several taxonomic groups, females mate with several males during a single reproductive cycle. Although there is evidence that polyandry provides some benefits to females, it often involves mortality costs. However, empirical evidences of mortality costs of polyandry have so far been reported only in invertebrates. Whether polyandry has mortality costs in vertebrates is currently unknown. In the present study, we aimed to fill the gap by investigating the relationships between the level of polyandry (measured either by male relative testes mass or the percentage of multiple paternities) and female patterns of mortality across mammals. While we found that the two metrics of female mortality co-varied with pace of life, we did not find any evidence that polyandry leads to either decreased median lifespan or increased aging rate in mammals. We discuss such an absence of detectable mortality costs of polyandry in female mammals in light of recent advances in the study of mammalian reproductive biology and life-history tactics.
Published: 2013
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13. Sex differences in adult lifespan and aging rate across mammals: A test of the ‘Mother Curse hypothesis’

Author: Hugo Cayuela, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Cristina Vieira, Victor Ronget, Jérôme M.W. Gippet, Thamar Conde García, Gabriel A.B. Marais, Jean-François Lemaître, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Aging, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Developmental Biology
Published: 2023
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14. Telomeres, the loop tying cancer to organismal life‐histories

Author: Beata Ujvari, Nynke Raven, Thomas Madsen, Marcel Klaassen, Antoine M. Dujon, Aaron G. Schultz, Leonard Nunney, Jean‐François Lemaître, Mathieu Giraudeau, Frédéric Thomas, Deakin University [Burwood], University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), University of California (UC), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (MIVEGEC-CREEC), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Deakin LES Entrepreneurship Funds (2020-2021), MAVA Foundation, ARC Linkage, Grant/Award Number: LP170101105, Deakin SEBE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ANR TRANSCAN, Grant/Award Number: ANR- 18- CE35- 0009, HolsworthWildlifeResearchEndowment, and ANR-18-CE35-0009,TRANSCAN,ECOLOGIE ET EVOLUTION DES CANCERS TRANSMISSIBLES(2018)
Subjects: [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Mate-choice, MESH: Humans, MESH: Biological Evolution, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Predator-prey interactions, Pollution, Peto's paradox, Parental effect, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], MESH: Telomere Shortening, Genetics, Parasites, MESH: Ecosystem, MESH: Neoplasms, MESH: Telomere, Cell proliferation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Recent developments in telomere and cancer evolutionary ecology demonstrate a very complex relationship between the need of tissue repair and controlling the emergence of abnormally proliferating cells. The trade-off is balanced by natural and sexual selection and mediated via both intrinsic and environmental factors. Here, we explore the effects of telomere-cancer dynamics on life history traits and strategies as well as on the cumulative effects of genetic and environmental factors. We show that telomere-cancer dynamics constitute an incredibly complex and multifaceted process. From research to date, it appears that the relationship between telomere length and cancer risk is likely nonlinear with good evidence that both (too) long and (too) short telomeres can be associated with increased cancer risk. The ability and propensity of organisms to respond to the interplay of telomere dynamics and oncogenic processes, depends on the combination of its tissue environments, life history strategies, environmental challenges (i.e., extreme climatic conditions), pressure by predators and pollution, as well as its evolutionary history. Consequently, precise interpretation of telomere-cancer dynamics requires integrative and multidisciplinary approaches. Finally, incorporating information on telomere dynamics and the expression of tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes could potentially provide the synergistic overview that could lay the foundations to study telomere-cancer dynamics at ecosystem levels.
Published: 2022
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15. Foraging at night under artificial light: consequences on reproductive senescence and lifetime reproductive success for a diurnal insect

Author: Elisa, Gomes, primary, Jean-François, Lemaître, additional, Valentina, Rodriguez-Rada, additional, François, Débias, additional, Emmanuel, Desouhant, additional, and Isabelle, Amat, additional
Published: 2023
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16. Compensatory recruitment allows amphibian population persistence in anthropogenic habitats

Author: Hugo Cayuela, Benjamin Monod-Broca, Jean-François Lemaître, Aurélien Besnard, Jérôme M. W. Gippet, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Antonio Romano, Thomas Hertach, Claudio Angelini, Stefano Canessa, Giacomo Rosa, Leonardo Vignoli, Alberto Venchi, Marco Carafa, Filippo Giachi, Andrea Tiberi, Alena M. Hantzschmann, Ulrich Sinsch, Emilie Tournier, Eric Bonnaire, Günter Gollmann, Birgit Gollmann, Annemarieke Spitzen-van der Sluijs, Holger Buschmann, Thierry Kinet, Arnaud Laudelout, Remi Fonters, Yoann Bunz, Marc Corail, Carlo Biancardi, Anna R. Di Cerbo, Dominique Langlois, Jean-Marc Thirion, Laurent Bernard, Elodie Boussiquault, Florian Doré, Titouan Leclerc, Nadine Enderlin, Florian Laurenceau, Lucy Morin, Mégane Skrzyniarz, Mickael Barrioz, Yohan Morizet, Sam S. Cruickshank, Julian Pichenot, Andreas Maletzky, Thibaut Delsinne, Dominik Henseler, Damien Aumaître, Miguel Gailledrat, Julien Moquet, Robert Veen, Peter Krijnen, Laurent Rivière, Matteo Trenti, Sonia Endrizzi, Paolo Pedrini, Marta Biaggini, Stefano Vanni, David Dudgeon, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Jean-Paul Léna, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology and Evolution [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Équipe 4 - Écophysiologie, Comportement, Conservation (E2C), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cayuela, H., Monod-Broca, B., Lemaitre, J. -F., Besnard, A., Gippet, J. M. W., Schmidt, B. R., Romano, A., Hertach, T., Angelini, C., Canessa, S., Rosa, G., Vignoli, L., Venchi, A., Carafa, M., Giachi, F., Tiberi, A., Hantzschmann, A. M., Sinsch, U., Tournier, E., Bonnaire, E., Gollmann, G., Gollmann, B., Spitzen-Van der Sluijs, A., Buschmann, H., Kinet, T., Laudelout, A., Fonters, R., Bunz, Y., Corail, M., Biancardi, C., Di Cerbo, A. R., Langlois, D., Thirion, J. -M., Bernard, L., Boussiquault, E., Dore, F., Leclerc, T., Enderlin, N., Laurenceau, F., Morin, L., Skrzyniarz, M., Barrioz, M., Morizet, Y., Cruickshank, S. S., Pichenot, J., Maletzky, A., Delsinne, T., Henseler, D., Aumaitre, D., Gailledrat, M., Moquet, J., Veen, R., Krijnen, P., Riviere, L., Trenti, M., Endrizzi, S., Pedrini, P., Biaggini, M., Vanni, S., Dudgeon, D., Gaillard, J. -M., and Lena, J. -P.
Subjects: senescence, Multidisciplinary, Animal Ecology and Physiology, Anthropogenic Effects, Population Dynamics, Biodiversity, survival, Europe, recruitment, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animals, 570 Life sciences, biology, amphibian, Anura, global change, 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
Abstract: Habitat anthropization is a major driver of global biodiversity decline. Although most species are negatively affected, some benefit from anthropogenic habitat modifications by showing intriguing life-history responses. For instance, increased recruitment through higher allocation to reproduction or improved performance during early-life stages could compensate for reduced adult survival, corresponding to “compensatory recruitment”. To date, evidence of compensatory recruitment in response to habitat modification is restricted to plants, limiting understanding of its importance as a response to global change. We used the yellow-bellied toad ( Bombina variegata ), an amphibian occupying a broad range of natural and anthropogenic habitats, as a model species to test for and to quantify compensatory recruitment. Using an exceptional capture–recapture dataset composed of 21,714 individuals from 67 populations across Europe, we showed that adult survival was lower, lifespan was shorter, and actuarial senescence was higher in anthropogenic habitats, especially those affected by intense human activities. Increased recruitment in anthropogenic habitats fully offset reductions in adult survival, with the consequence that population growth rate in both habitat types was similar. Our findings indicate that compensatory recruitment allows toad populations to remain viable in human-dominated habitats and might facilitate the persistence of other animal populations in such environments.
Published: 2022
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17. Telomeres as a sentinel of population decline in the context of global warming

Author: Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Eric Gilson, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), and Lemaitre, Jean-François
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population Dynamics, Sentinel Species, Animals, Lizards, Telomere, Extinction, Biological, Global Warming
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023
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18. Deleterious effects of thermal and water stresses on life history and physiology: a case study on woodlouse

Author: Charlotte Depeux, Angèle Branger, Théo Moulignier, Jérôme Moreau, Jean-François Lemaître, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Tiffany Laverre, Hélène Pauhlac, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Sophie Beltran-Bech, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département PEGASE [LBBE] (PEGASE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie Évolutive [UMR 6282 Biogéosciences] ( Équipe ECO/EVO), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Équipe 4 - Écophysiologie, Comportement, Conservation (E2C), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: We tested independently the influences of increasing temperature and decreasing moisture on life history and physiological traits in the arthropodArmadillidium vulgare. Both increasing temperature and decreasing moisture led reproductive success to decrease. While the density of immune cells decreased and the β-galactosidase activity increased with increasing temperature and decreasing moisture, which suggests a negative impact of these stressors on individual performance, increased temperature and decreased moisture affected differently the other biomarkers conjuring different underlying mechanisms depending on the stress applied. Our findings demonstrate overall a negative impact of high temperature and low moisture on woodlouse welfare. Changing temperature or moisture had slightly different effects, illustrating the need to test further the respective role of each of these key components of climate change on organisms to predict more reliably the future of our ecosystems.
Published: 2023
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19. The Lifespan Cost of Having Sons in Preindustrial Women Depends on Environmental Conditions

Author: Lucas Invernizzi, Patrick Bergeron, Fanie Pelletier, Jean-François Lemaître, and Mathieu Douhard
Published: 2023
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20. Age and spatio-temporal variations in food resources modulate stress-immunity relationships in three populations of wild roe deer

Author: Jeffrey Carbillet, Marine Hollain, Benjamin Rey, Rupert Palme, Maryline Pellerin, Corinne Regis, Anne Geffré, Jeanne Duhayer, Sylvia Pardonnet, François Debias, Joël Merlet, Jean-François Lemaître, Hélène Verheyden, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER ZA PYRenees GARonne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The study was funded by INRAE, VetAgro Sup and ONCFS/OFB, ANR-11-LABX-0048,ECOFECT,Dynamiques eco-évolutives des maladies infectieuses(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), SEGUIN, Nathalie, Dynamiques eco-évolutives des maladies infectieuses - - ECOFECT2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0048 - LABX - VALID, and PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE - - Avenir L.S.E.2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0007 - IDEX - VALID
Subjects: Innate immunity, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Hydrocortisone, Deer, Ecophysiology, Stress hormones, Adaptive immunity, Animals, Wild, Trade-off, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Endocrinology, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, [SDV.GEN.GPO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Animals, Faecal glucocorticoid metabolites, [SDV.BA.ZV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Animal Science and Zoology, [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Glucocorticoids, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract: Living in variable and unpredictable environments, organisms face recurrent stressful situations. The endocrine stress response, which includes the secretion of glucocorticoids, helps organisms to cope with these perturbations. Although short-term elevations of glucocorticoid levels are often associated with immediate beneficial consequences for individuals, long-term glucocorticoid elevation can compromise key physiological functions such as immunity. While laboratory works highlighted the immunosuppressive effect of long-term elevated glucocorticoids, it remains largely unknown, especially in wild animals, whether this relationship is modulated by individual and environmental characteristics. In this study, we explored the co-variation between baseline cortisol levels, assessed non-invasively using faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs), and 12 constitutive indices of innate, inflammatory, and adaptive immune functions, in wild roe deer living in three populations with contrasting environmental conditions. Using longitudinal data on 564 individuals, we further investigated whether age and spatio-temporal variations in the quantity and quality of food resources affect the relationship between FCMs and immunity. Negative covariation with glucocorticoids was evident only for innate and inflammatory markers of immunity, while adaptive immunity appeared to be positively or not linked to glucocorticoids. In addition, the negative covariations were generally exacerbated, or revealed, in individuals facing harsh environmental constraints and in old individuals. Therefore, our results highlight the importance of measuring multiple immune markers of immunity in individuals from contrasted environments to unravel the complex relationships between glucocorticoids and immunity in wild animals. Our results also help explain conflicting results found in the literature and could improve our understanding of the long-term consequences of elevated glucocorticoid levels on disease spread and population dynamics.
Published: 2023
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21. Variable rate of ageing within species: insights from Darwin’s frogs

Author: Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez, Benedikt R Schmidt, Claudio Azat, Soledad Delgado, Andrew A Cunningham, Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Hugo Cayuela, University of Zurich, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, senescence, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), population, amphibian, variation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Actuarial senescence, the increase in adult mortality risk with increasing age, is a widespread phenomenon across the animal kingdom. Although between-species variation in the rate of increase in mortality as organisms age (i.e. ageing rate) is now well documented, the occurrence of variation in ageing rate within a given species remains much more debatable. We evaluated the level of within-species variation in ageing rate in four populations of the southern Darwin’s frog (Rhinoderma darwinii) from Chile. Our results revealed strong among-population variation in ageing rates, and these were correlated with the population-specific generation time. A higher ageing rate occurred in populations where individuals exhibited a faster pace of life. Our results, along with recent studies in evolutionarily distant amphibian species, indicate that there can be substantial within-species variation in the rate of ageing, highlighting amphibians as emerging models to study the patterns and mechanisms of intraspecific variation in ageing rate.
Published: 2023
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22. Glucocorticoids negatively relate to body mass on the short-term in a free-ranging ungulate

Author: Lucas D. Lalande, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Jeffrey Carbillet, François Débias, Jeanne Duhayer, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Jean-François Lemaître, Rupert Palme, Sylvia Pardonnet, Maryline Pellerin, Benjamin Rey, and Pauline Vuarin
Abstract: Environmental fluctuations force animals to adjust glucocorticoids (GCs) secretion and release to current conditions. GCs are a widely used proxy of an individual stress level. While short-term elevation in GCs is arguably beneficial for fitness components, previous studies have documented that the relationship between long-term baseline GCs elevation and fitness components can vary according to ecological and individual factors and according to the life-history of the species studied. Using longitudinal data on roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from two populations facing markedly different environmental contexts, we tested whether baseline GC levels negatively correlate with body mass – a trait positively associated with demographic individual performance – on the short- to long-term. In support, higher baseline GC concentrations were associated to lighter body mass, both measured during the same capture event, in adults of both populations. Overall, we showed that despite the marked environmental and demographic differences between populations and despite the between-sex differences in life history (i.e. reproductive tactics), the relationship between body mass and GCs is consistent across environmental contexts, but might differ according to the life history stage of an individual. This work opens promising perspectives to further explore the relationship between GC and fitness-related traits according to life history stages in free-ranging mammals across seasonal and environmental contexts. The timing and context-dependence of GC levels highlight the complexity of studying stress responses in the wild.
Published: 2022
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23. Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity

Author: Beth A. Reinke, Hugo Cayuela, Fredric J. Janzen, Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, A. Michelle Lawing, John B. Iverson, Ditte G. Christiansen, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Gregorio Sánchez-Montes, Jorge Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Francis L. Rose, Nicola Nelson, Susan Keall, Alain J. Crivelli, Theodoros Nazirides, Annegret Grimm-Seyfarth, Klaus Henle, Emiliano Mori, Gaëtan Guiller, Rebecca Homan, Anthony Olivier, Erin Muths, Blake R. Hossack, Xavier Bonnet, David S. Pilliod, Marieke Lettink, Tony Whitaker, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Michael G. Gardner, Marc Cheylan, Françoise Poitevin, Ana Golubović, Ljiljana Tomović, Dragan Arsovski, Richard A. Griffiths, Jan W. Arntzen, Jean-Pierre Baron, Jean-François Le Galliard, Thomas Tully, Luca Luiselli, Massimo Capula, Lorenzo Rugiero, Rebecca McCaffery, Lisa A. Eby, Venetia Briggs-Gonzalez, Frank Mazzotti, David Pearson, Brad A. Lambert, David M. Green, Nathalie Jreidini, Claudio Angelini, Graham Pyke, Jean-Marc Thirion, Pierre Joly, Jean-Paul Léna, Anton D. Tucker, Col Limpus, Pauline Priol, Aurélien Besnard, Pauline Bernard, Kristin Stanford, Richard King, Justin Garwood, Jaime Bosch, Franco L. Souza, Jaime Bertoluci, Shirley Famelli, Kurt Grossenbacher, Omar Lenzi, Kathleen Matthews, Sylvain Boitaud, Deanna H. Olson, Tim S. Jessop, Graeme R. Gillespie, Jean Clobert, Murielle Richard, Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez, Gary M. Fellers, Patrick M. Kleeman, Brian J. Halstead, Evan H. Campbell Grant, Phillip G. Byrne, Thierry Frétey, Bernard Le Garff, Pauline Levionnois, John C. Maerz, Julian Pichenot, Kurtuluş Olgun, Nazan Üzüm, Aziz Avcı, Claude Miaud, Johan Elmberg, Gregory P. Brown, Richard Shine, Nathan F. Bendik, Lisa O’Donnell, Courtney L. Davis, Michael J. Lannoo, Rochelle M. Stiles, Robert M. Cox, Aaron M. Reedy, Daniel A. Warner, Eric Bonnaire, Kristine Grayson, Roberto Ramos-Targarona, Eyup Baskale, David Muñoz, John Measey, F. Andre de Villiers, Will Selman, Victor Ronget, Anne M. Bronikowski, David A. W. Miller, Northeastern Illinois University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Department of Ecology and Evolution [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Iowa State University (ISU), W. K. Kellogg Biological Station (KBS), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Texas A&M University [College Station], Earlham College, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Department of Biological Sciences [Lubbock], Texas Tech University [Lubbock] (TTU), School of Biological Sciences [Wellington, New Zealand], Victoria University of Wellington, Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Auteur indépendant, Department of Conservation Biology [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems [CNR, Italy] (IRET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Le Grand Momesson, Bouvron, France, Denison University, Fort Collins Science Center (FORT), US Geological Survey [Fort Collins], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS)-United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), University of Montana, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (FRESC), Info Fauna Karch 2000, Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Macedonian Ecological Society, University of Kent [Canterbury], Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute for Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation [Rome, Italy], Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Université de Lomé [Togo], Museo Civico di Zoologia, U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions [Australia], Parks and Wildlife Service of Northern Territory, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Redpath Museum, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Kunming Institute of Botany [CAS] (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Macquarie University, Association Objectifs Biodiversités (OBIOS), Équipe 4 - Écophysiologie, Comportement, Conservation (E2C), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSIRO, EcoSciences Precinct, StatiPOP, scientific consulting, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Northern Illinois University, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Universidad de Oviedo [Oviedo], Department of Biology [Mato Grosso], Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT University), University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI), Naturhistorisches Museum [Bern], USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Deakin University [Waurn Ponds], Palmerston North Research Centre, Plant & Food Research, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Austral de Chile, ONG Ranita de Darwin, U.S Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Wollongong], Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia]-University of Wollongong [Australia], Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Office national des forêts (ONF), University of Georgia [USA], Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Eco-éthologie (2C2A-CERFE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, University College of Kristianstad, Watershed Protection Department, Cornell Lab of Ornithology [New York], Cornell University [New York], Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University System, University of Virginia, Auburn University (AU), University of Richmond, Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente (CITMA), Pamukkale University, Stellenbosch University, Millsaps College, Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01AG049416 (to A.M.B., F.J.J., and D.A.W.M.). H.C. was supported as a postdoctoral researcher by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 31003A_182265)., Office National des Forêts (ONF), University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), and Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology
Subjects: life history, demography, Aging, phenotype, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Longevity, tetrapod, ectothermy, phylogeny, Amphibia, Amphibians, VERTEBRADOS, evolution, Animals, animal, Multidisciplinary, nonhuman, article, Reptiles, mortality, Biological Evolution, phylogenetics, reptile, GN, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, environmental temperature, body size
Abstract: Comparative studies of mortality in the wild are necessary to understand the evolution of aging; yet, ectothermic tetrapods are underrepresented in this comparative landscape, despite their suitability for testing evolutionary hypotheses. We present a study of aging rates and longevity across wild tetrapod ectotherms, using data from 107 populations (77 species) of nonavian reptiles and amphibians. We test hypotheses of how thermoregulatory mode, environmental temperature, protective phenotypes, and pace of life history contribute to demographic aging. Controlling for phylogeny and body size, ectotherms display a higher diversity of aging rates compared with endotherms and include phylogenetically widespread evidence of negligible aging. Protective phenotypes and life-history strategies further explain macroevolutionary patterns of aging. Analyzing ectothermic tetrapods in a comparative context enhances our understanding of the evolution of aging.
Published: 2022
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24. Old females rarely mate with old males in roe deer, Capreolus capreolus

Author: Maryline Pellerin, Cécile Vanpé, Petter Kjellander, Jean-François Lemaître, Erwan Quéméré, A. J. M. Hewison, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), Cécile Vanpé was funded by the ‘AGEX’ JCJC ANR project (ANR-15-CE32-0002-01) awarded to Jean-François Lemaître. The field study was supported by grants from ONCFS. Genetic data were produced thanks to the support of the ‘PATCH’ RPDOC ANR project (ANR-12-PDOC-0017-01) awarded to Cécile Vanpé., ANR-15-CE32-0002,AGEX,Vieillissement sexe-spécifique en milieu naturel(2015), ANR-12-PDOC-0017,PATCH,Plasticité comportementale et AdapTation du CHevreuil aux modifications du paysage(2012), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU), Observatoire du Mont-Blanc, and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, cervid, senescence, terminal allocation, Population, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Capreolus, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, terminal investment, mate choice, Mating, education, reproductive and urinary physiology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, biology, Age differences, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Maternal effect, biology.organism_classification, Roe deer, 030104 developmental biology, age, Mate choice, mating tactic, Sexual selection, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Demography
Abstract: Little is known about whether female mating tactics vary with age based on their preference for mates. To fill this knowledge gap, we examined how maternal age is related to the age of their mates using detailed individual long-term monitoring of a genotyped and pedigreed European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758) population. We found that mating between old females and prime-aged males was more frequent than mating between prime-aged females and prime-aged males. This suggests that old females avoid old mates. Old females might be more selective in their mate choice than prime-aged females owing to increased mate-sampling effort. Our finding is in line with the terminal investment/allocation hypothesis. The study of age-related variation in female mating behaviour is particularly important because this behaviour can inﬂuence the intensity and direction of sexual selection and the maintenance of variation in male sexually selected traits. Further studies are needed to quantify the exact fitness benefits of age-specific mating tactics in females.
Published: 2019
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25. Asynchrony of actuarial and reproductive senescence: a lesson from an indeterminate grower

Author: Jean-François Lemaître, Luca Luiselli, Hugo Cayuela, Massimo Capula, Lorenzo Rugiero, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Senescence, 0303 health sciences, Actuarial science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, Indeterminate growth, Demographic data, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Asynchrony (computer programming), 03 medical and health sciences, Reproductive senescence, Indeterminate, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Evolutionary theories relating to aging predict that patterns of actuarial and reproductive senescence should be aligned, with a common onset of senescence set at the age of first reproduction. However, a few empirical studies reported asynchrony between actuarial and reproductive senescence. This asynchrony is expected to be particularly pronounced in organisms with indeterminate growth. Yet, this process is still poorly documented due to the lack of long-term demographic data on known-aged individuals. We investigated the asynchrony of actuarial and reproductive senescence in the European whip snake, Hierophis viridiflavus, an oviparous colubrid with indeterminate growth. Using demographic data collected over a 29-year period, we showed that females did not experience any fecundity loss late in life. In contrast, they suffered from an early, severe actuarial senescence. Our findings thus revealed a pronounced asynchrony in actuarial and reproductive senescence processes, a phenomenon that could be widespread across the tree of life.
Published: 2020
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26. Sex-related differences in aging rate areassociated with sex chromosome system inamphibians

Author: Hugo Cayuela, Jean‐François Lemaître, Jean‐Paul Léna, Victor Ronget, Iñigo Martínez‐Solano, Erin Muths, David S. Pilliod, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Gregorio Sánchez‐Montes, Jorge Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez, Graham Pyke, Kurt Grossenbacher, Omar Lenzi, Jaime Bosch, Karen H. Beard, Lawrence L. Woolbright, Brad A. Lambert, David M. Green, Nathalie Jreidini, Justin M. Garwood, Robert N. Fisher, Kathleen Matthews, David Dudgeon, Anthony Lau, Jeroen Speybroeck, Rebecca Homan, Robert Jehle, Eyup Başkale, Emiliano Mori, Jan W. Arntzen, Pierre Joly, Rochelle M. Stiles, Michael J. Lannoo, John C. Maerz, Winsor H. Lowe, Andrés Valenzuela‐Sánchez, Ditte G. Christiansen, Claudio Angelini, Jean‐Marc Thirion, Juha Merilä, Guarino R. Colli, Mariana M. Vasconcellos, Taissa C. V. Boas, Ísis da C. Arantes, Pauline Levionnois, Beth A. Reinke, Cristina Vieira, Gabriel A. B. Marais, Jean‐Michel Gaillard, David A. W. Miller, Swiss National Science Foundation, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et évolution des populations, and Wiley Online Library
Subjects: Male, SELECTION, Aging, senescence, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, MODELS, Senescence, Amphibians, Y Chromosome, Genetics, Animals, sex chromosome, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, TREE, LIFE-SPAN, MORTALITY COSTS, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Sex Characteristics, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Sex Chromosomes, amphibians, COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY, Life Sciences, Sex Determination Processes, EVOLUTION, INSIGHTS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Sex chromosome, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, NATURAL-POPULATIONS
Abstract: Sex-related differences in mortality are widespread in the animal kingdom. Although studies have shown that sex determinationsystems might drive lifespan evolution, sex chromosome influence on aging rates have not been investigated so far, likely due toan apparent lack of demographic data from clades including both XY (with heterogametic males) and ZW (heterogametic females)systems. Taking advantage of a unique collection of capture–recapture datasets in amphibians, a vertebrate group where XY andZW systems have repeatedly evolved over the past 200 million years, we examined whether sex heterogamy can predict sexdifferences in aging rates and lifespans. We showed that the strength and direction of sex differences in aging rates (and notlifespan) differ between XY and ZW systems. Sex-specific variation in aging rates was moderate within each system, but agingrates tended to be consistently higher in the heterogametic sex. This led to small but detectable effects of sex chromosome systemon sex differences in aging rates in our models. Although preliminary, our results suggest that exposed recessive deleteriousmutations on the X/Z chromosome (the “unguarded X/Z effect”) or repeat-rich Y/W chromosome (the “toxic Y/W effect”) couldaccelerate aging in the heterogametic sex in some vertebrate clades., C was supported asa postdoctoral researcher by the Vanier-Banting postdoctoral fellowship program and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF grant number 31003A_182265).
Published: 2022
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27. Effects of population density on static allometry between horn length and body mass in mountain ungulates

Author: Morgane Tidière, Mathieu Garel, Christophe Pélabon, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Anne Loison, Carole Toïgo, Marco Festa-Bianchet, Jean-François Lemaître, Steeve D. Côté, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et évolution des populations, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Centre d'Etudes Nordiques (CEN), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Ecoépidémiologie évolutionniste, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, French horn, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, 15. Life on land, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Population density, 03 medical and health sciences, Density dependence, density dependence, allometry, Allometry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, condition dependence, horns, bovids, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; Little is known about the effects of environmental variation on allometric relationships of condition-dependent traits, especially in wild populations. We estimated sex-specific static allometry between horn length and body mass in four populations of mountain ungulates that experienced periods of contrasting density over the course of the study. These species displayed contrasting sexual dimorphism in horn size; high dimorphism in Capra ibex and Ovis canadensis and low dimorphism in Rupicapra rupicapra and Oreamnos americanus. The effects of density on static allometric slopes were weak and inconsistent while allometric intercepts were generally lower at high density, especially in males from species with high sexual dimorphism in horn length. These results confirm that static allometric slopes are more canalized than allometric intercepts against environmental variation induced by changes in population density.
Published: 2021
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28. Thermal conditions predict intraspecific variation in senescence rate in frogs and toads

Author: Rebecca McCaffery, Erin Muths, Lisa A. Eby, David S. Pilliod, Johan Elmberg, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Jérôme M. W. Gippet, Thierry Frétey, Blake R. Hossack, Omar Lenzi, Jean-François Lemaître, Bernard Le Garff, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Brad A. Lambert, Kurt Grossenbacher, Juha Merilä, Hugo Cayuela, University of Zurich, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et évolution des populations, United States Geological Survey (USGS), Biodiversité et gestion des territoires, Université de Rennes (UR), University of Montana, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Kristianstad University College - HKR (SWEDEN), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), H.C. was supported as a postdoctoral researcher by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. 31003A_182265). J.M. acknowledges financial support from the Academy of Finland and the University of Helsinki as well as logistic support provide by the Kilpisjärvi Biological Station of the University of Helsinki. J.E. was supported by the Verner von Heidenstam Fund, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, and the Swedish Natural Science Research Council. The funding for field work was supported by Boise State University, the Bureau of Land Management, Colorado Parks and Wildlife, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, the Nevada Department of Wildlife, the University of Montana, the University of Nevada Reno, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the US Forest Service and US Geological Survey (USGS), and the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment., Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Ecological Genetics Research Unit, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and University of Helsinki
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, demography, senescence, Ranidae, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Global Warming, 01 natural sciences, RANA-TEMPORARIA, LONGEVITY, Bufo, POPULATION, 0303 health sciences, amphibians, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Biodiversity, Biological Sciences, Europe, Ectotherm, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, SURVIVAL, 590 Animals (Zoology), Anura, Senescence, SEX-DIFFERENCES, Climate Change, Context (language use), ectotherms, COMMON FROGS, 010603 evolutionary biology, Intraspecific competition, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Temperate climate, Animals, TOLERANCE, AGING RATES, climate, Rana luteiventris, 030304 developmental biology, aging, temperature, biology.organism_classification, Bufonidae, 13. Climate action, North America, 570 Life sciences, amphibian, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Variation in temperature is known to influence mortality patterns in ectotherms. Even though a few experimental studies on model organisms have reported a positive relationship between temperature and actuarial senescence (i.e., the increase in mortality risk with age), how variation in climate influences the senescence rate across the range of a species is still poorly understood in free-ranging animals. We filled this knowledge gap by investigating the relationships linking senescence rate, adult lifespan, and climatic conditions using long-term capture–recapture data from multiple amphibian populations. We considered two pairs of related anuran species from the Ranidae ( Rana luteiventris and Rana temporaria ) and Bufonidae ( Anaxyrus boreas and Bufo bufo ) families, which diverged more than 100 Mya and are broadly distributed in North America and Europe. Senescence rates were positively associated with mean annual temperature in all species. In addition, lifespan was negatively correlated with mean annual temperature in all species except A. boreas . In both R. luteiventris and A. boreas , mean annual precipitation and human environmental footprint both had negligible effects on senescence rates or lifespans. Overall, our findings demonstrate the critical influence of thermal conditions on mortality patterns across anuran species from temperate regions. In the current context of further global temperature increases predicted by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios, a widespread acceleration of aging in amphibians is expected to occur in the decades to come, which might threaten even more seriously the viability of populations and exacerbate global decline.
Published: 2021
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29. How much energetic trade‐offs limit selection? Insights from livestock and related laboratory model species

Author: Hélène Gilbert, Jean-François Lemaître, Philippe Monget, Frédéric Douhard, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Mathieu Douhard, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Ecologie et évolution des populations, and Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: senescence, Natural resource economics, Evolution, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], trade‐offs, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Pleiotropy, pleiotropy, Genetics, QH359-425, Limit (mathematics), Livestock breeding, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Selection (genetic algorithm), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, metabolic rate, business.industry, livestock breeding, Trade offs, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, trade-offs, Perspective, Metabolic rate, Livestock, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business
Abstract: International audience; Trade-offs between life history traits are expected to occur due to the limited amount of resources that organisms can obtain and share among biological functions, but are of least concern for selection responses in nutrient-rich or benign environments. In domestic animals, selection limits have not yet been reached despite strong selection for higher meat, milk or egg yields. Yet, negative genetic correlations between productivity traits and health or fertility traits have often been reported, supporting the view that trade-offs do occur in the context of nonlimiting resources. The importance of allocation mechanisms in limiting genetic changes can thus be questioned when animals are mostly constrained by their time to acquire and process energy rather than by feed availability. Selection for high productivity traits early in life should promote a fast metabolism with less energy allocated to self-maintenance (contributing to soma preservation and repair). Consequently, the capacity to breed shortly after an intensive period of production or to remain healthy should be compromised. We assessed those predictions in mammalian and avian livestock and related laboratory model species. First, we surveyed studies that compared energy allocation to maintenance between breeds or lines of contrasting productivity but found little support for the occurrence of an energy allocation trade-off. Second, selection experiments for lower feed intake per unit of product (i.e. higher feed efficiency) generally resulted in reduced allocation to maintenance, but this did not entail fitness costs in terms of survival or future reproduction. These findings indicate that the consequences of a particular selection in domestic animals are much more difficult to predict than one could anticipate from the energy allocation framework alone. Future developments to predict the contribution of time constraints and trade-offs to selection limits will be insightful to breed livestock in increasingly challenging environments.
Published: 2021
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30. Decline in telomere length with increasing age across non‐human vertebrates:A meta‐analysis

Author: Jean-François Lemaître, Daniel H. Nussey, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Hannah Froy, Victor Ronget, Florentin Remot, Benjamin Rey, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: biology, media_common.quotation_subject, aging, Vertebrate, telomere attrition, Life history theory, Telomere, qPCR, systematic review, Evolutionary biology, Ageing, biology.animal, Meta-analysis, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Genetics, telomere restriction fragment, Juvenile, Adult stage, Reproduction, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, life history traits, media_common
Abstract: The prediction that telomere length (TL) shortens with increasing age is a major element in considering the role of telomeres as a key player in evolution. While telomere attrition is found in humans both in vitro and in vivo, the increasing number of studies reporting diverse age-specific patterns of TL challenges the hypothesis of a universal decline of TL with increasing age. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to estimate the relationship between TL and age across 175 estimates encompassing 98 species of vertebrates. We found that, on average, TL does decline with increasing age during adulthood. However, this decline was weak and variable across vertebrate classes, and we also found evidence for a publication bias that might weaken our current evidence of decreasing TL with increasing age. We found no evidence for a faster decline in TL with increasing age when considering the juvenile stage (from birth to age at first reproduction) compared to the adult stage. Heterogeneity in TL ageing rates was explained by the method used to measure telomeres: detectable TL declines with increasing age were found only among studies using TRF with in-gel hybridisation and qFISH methods, but not in studies using qPCR and Southern blot-based TRF methods. While we confirmed that TL declines with increasing age in most adult vertebrates, our results identify an influence of telomere measurement methodology, which highlights the need to examine more thoroughly the effect of the method of measurement on TL estimates.
Published: 2021
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31. Evolution of large males is associated with female‐skewed adult sex ratios in amniotes

Author: Tamás Székely, András Liker, Robert P. Freckleton, Ivett Pipoly, Veronika Bókony, Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, genetic structures, Range (biology), media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Comparative method, Competition (biology), Birds, mating competition, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Animals, Body Size, sexual selection, Juvenile, Sex Ratio, Mating, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Sex Characteristics, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), biology, sex-biased mortality, biology.organism_classification, Sexual dimorphism, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Sexual selection, Female, Amniote, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, mating opportunity, Sex ratio
Abstract: Body size often differs between the sexes (leading to sexual size dimorphism, SSD), as a consequence of differential responses by males and females to selection pressures. Adult sex ratio (ASR, the proportion of males in the adult population) should influence SSD because ASR relates to both the number of competitors and available mates, which shape the intensity of mating competition and thereby promotes SSD evolution. However, whether ASR correlates with SSD variation among species has not been yet tested across a broad range of taxa. Using phylogenetic comparative analyses of 462 amniotes (i.e., reptiles, birds, and mammals), we fill this knowledge gap by showing that male bias in SSD increases with increasingly female-skewed ASRs in both mammals and birds. This relationship is not explained by the higher mortality of the larger sex because SSD is not associated with sex differences in either juvenile or adult mortality. Phylogenetic path analysis indicates that higher mortality in one sex leads to skewed ASR, which in turn may generate selection for SSD biased toward the rare sex. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that skewed ASRs in amniote populations can result in the rarer sex evolving large size to capitalize on enhanced mating opportunities.
Published: 2021
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32. Is degree of sociality associated with reproductive senescence? A comparative analysis across birds and mammals

Author: Csongor I. Vágási, Orsolya Vincze, Péter L. Pap, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Victor Ronget, Jean-François Lemaître, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, Reproductive ageing, Body size, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Degree (temperature), Nesting Behavior, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, Reproductive senescence, biology.animal, Cooperative breeding, Subject areas, Animals, Life history, Cooperative Behavior, Social Behavior, Pace of life, Sociality, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Mammals, 0303 health sciences, Reproduction, Vertebrate, Articles, Brain size, Mammal, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: Our understanding on how widespread reproductive senescence is in the wild and how the onset and rate of reproductive senescence vary among species in relation to life histories and lifestyles is currently limited. More specifically, whether the species-specific degree of sociality is linked to the occurrence, onset and rate of reproductive senescence remains unknown. Here, we investigate these questions using phylogenetic comparative analyses across 36 bird and 101 mammal species encompassing a wide array of life histories, lifestyles and social traits. We found that female reproductive senescence: (i) is widespread and occurs with similar frequency (about two-thirds) in birds and mammals; (ii) occurs later in life and is slower in birds than in similar-sized mammals; (iii) occurs later in life and is slower with an increasingly slower pace of life in both vertebrate classes; and (iv) is only weakly associated, if any, with the degree of sociality in both classes after accounting for the effect of body size and pace of life. However, when removing the effect of species differences in pace of life, a higher degree of sociality was associated with later and weaker reproductive senescence in females, which suggests that the degree of sociality is either indirectly related to reproductive senescence via the pace of life or simply a direct outcome of the pace of life. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?’
Published: 2021
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33. Maternal effects shape offspring physiological condition but do not senesce in a wild mammal

Author: François Débias, Maryline Pellerin, Louise Cheynel, Benjamin Rey, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Erwan Quéméré, Jean-François Lemaître, Sylvia Pardonnet, Jeanne Duhayer, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), University of Liverpool, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: life history, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Senescence, Offspring, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Physiology, Forests, eco, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, immunology, 03 medical and health sciences, Capreolus, Immune system, biology.animal, Animals, roe deer, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Physiological condition, Deer, Body Weight, Maternal effect, Age Factors, biology.organism_classification, Roe deer, 030104 developmental biology, ageing, Ageing, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Maternal Inheritance, body condition, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Maternal Age
Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.; International audience; In vertebrates, offspring survival often decreases with increasing maternal age. While many studies have reported a decline in fitness-related traits of offspring with increasing maternal age, the study of senescence in maternal effect through age-specific changes in offspring physiological condition is still at its infancy. We assessed the influence of maternal age and body mass on offspring physiological condition in two populations of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) subjected to markedly different environmental conditions. We measured seven markers to index body condition and characterize the immune profile in 86 fawns which became recently independent of their known-aged mothers. We did not find striking effects of maternal age on offspring physiological condition measured at 8 months of age. This absence of evidence for senescence in maternal effects is likely due to the strong viability selection observed in the very first months of life in this species. Offspring physiological condition was, on the other hand, positively influenced by maternal body mass. Between-population differences in environmental conditions experienced by fawns also influenced their average body condition and immune phenotype. Fawns facing food limitation displayed lower values in some markers of body condition (body mass and haemoglobin levels) than those living in good quality habitat. They also allocated preferentially to humoral immunity, contrary to those living in good conditions, which allocated more to cellular response. These results shed a new light on the eco-physiological pathways mediating the relationship between mother's mass and offspring condition.
Published: 2021
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34. Short-term telomere dynamics is associated with glucocorticoid levels in wild populations of roe deer

Author: Jean-Michel Gaillard, Maryline Pellerin, Corinne Régis, Benjamin Rey, Jeanne Duhayer, Hannah Froy, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Jeffrey Carbillet, Rachael V. Wilbourn, Louise Cheynel, Jean-François Lemaître, Sylvia Pardonnet, Hélène Verheyden, François Débias, Daniel H. Nussey, Sarah L. Underwood, Rupert Palme, A. J. Mark Hewison, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Institute of Evolutionary Biology [Edinburgh], School of Biological Sciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh-University of Edinburgh, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pathology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK., Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), BBSRC grant no. (BB/ L020769/1), OFB staff, ANR-15-CE32-0002,AGEX,Vieillissement sexe-spécifique en milieu naturel(2015), ANR-11-LABX-0048,ECOFECT,Dynamiques eco-évolutives des maladies infectieuses(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Institute of Infection and Global Health [University of Liverpool, UK], University of Liverpool, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) : grant no. (BB/L020769/1), and Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Subjects: Male, life history, 0106 biological sciences, Senescence, Aging, senescence, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, capreolus capreolus, fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, Stress, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Environmental stress, stress, 03 medical and health sciences, Capreolus, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, medicine, Animals, Life-history, Life history, Glucocorticoids, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, Deer, aging, Stressor, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Telomere, biology.organism_classification, Roe deer, Capreolus capreolus, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Glucocorticoid, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; While evidence that telomere length is associated with health and mortality in humans and birds is accumulating, a large body of research is currently seeking to identify factors that modulate telomere dynamics. We tested the hypothesis that high levels of glucocorticoids in individuals under environmental stress should accelerate telomere shortening in two wild populations of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) living in different ecological contexts. From two consecutive annual sampling sessions, we found that individuals with faster rates of telomere shortening had higher concentrations of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, suggesting a functional link between glucocorticoid levels and telomere attrition rate. This relationship was consistent for both sexes and populations. This finding paves the way for further studies of the fitness consequences of exposure to environmental stressors in wild vertebrates.
Published: 2021
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35. DNA methylation as a tool to explore ageing in wild roe deer populations

Author: Sylvia Pardonnet, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Jeanne Duhayer, François Débias, Amin Haghani, Joseph A. Zoller, Caesar Z. Li, Corinne Régis, Maryline Pellerin, Steve Horvath, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Benjamin Rey, Jean-François Lemaître, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Fielding School of Public Health, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Ecologie et évolution des populations, and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Senescence, Epigenomics, Male, Aging, senescence, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], growth, sex differences in lifespan, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Epigenesis, Genetic, 03 medical and health sciences, Capreolus, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Genetics, Animals, Epigenetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Deer, life-history, dNaM, Methylation, DNA Methylation, biology.organism_classification, Roe deer, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Ageing, Evolutionary biology, DNA methylation, Female, epigenetic clock, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; DNA methylation-based biomarkers of ageing (epigenetic clocks) promise to lead to new insights into evolutionary biology of ageing. Relatively little is known about how the natural environment affects epigenetic ageing effects in wild species. In this study, we took advantage of a unique long-term (>40 years) longitudinal monitoring of individual roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) living in two wild populations (Chizé and Trois-Fontaines, France) facing different ecological contexts, to investigate the relationship between chronological age and levels of DNA methylation (DNAm). We generated novel DNA methylation data from n = 94 blood samples, from which we extracted leucocyte DNA, using a custom methylation array (HorvathMammalMethylChip40). We present three DNA methylation-based estimators of age (DNAm or epigenetic age), which were trained in males, females, and both sexes combined. We investigated how sex differences influenced the relationship between DNAm age and chronological age using sex-specific epigenetic clocks. Our results highlight that old females may display a lower degree of biological ageing than males. Further, we identify the main sites of epigenetic alteration that have distinct ageing patterns between the two sexes. These findings open the door to promising avenues of research at the crossroads of evolutionary biology and biogerontology
Published: 2021
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36. Electronic Supplementary Material from Is degree of sociality associated with reproductive senescence? A comparative analysis across birds and mammals

Author: Vágási, Csongor I., Vincze, Orsolya, Jean-François Lemaître, Pap, Péter L., Ronget, Victor, and Gaillard, Jean-Michel
Abstract: Additional details for Methods and Results
Published: 2021
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37. Segmented from Is degree of sociality associated with reproductive senescence? A comparative analysis across birds and mammals

Author: Vágási, Csongor I., Vincze, Orsolya, Jean-François Lemaître, Pap, Péter L., Ronget, Victor, and Gaillard, Jean-Michel
Abstract: Segmented fits of the selected models plotted separately for each bird species
Published: 2021
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38. Applying comparative methods to different databases: lessons from demographic analyses across mammal species

Author: Jean-Michel Gaillard, Victor Ronget, Jean-François Lemaître, Christophe Bonenfant, Guillaume Péron, Pol Capdevila, Marlène Gamelon, Roberto Salguero-Gómez, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Comparative demographic analyses aim to identify axes of variation in vital rates and the factors that determine the position of species along these axes. These analyses can be performed using different primary data sets, with marked heterogeneity in data quality and structure. Whether the outcome of demographic comparative analyses depends on the database used because theoretical predictions of evolutionary ecology are not that robust and depend on the set of species analysed or because data limitation prevents the identification of the expected patterns has never been investigated. This chapter fills this knowledge gap by performing a comparative demographic analysis across mammalian species from two distinct databases (Comadre and Malddaba) that were built for different purposes. The chapter first estimates some demographic metrics for each database, analyses their allometric relationships, and compares the estimates with theoretical expectations by performing phylogenetic regressions. Using Malddaba led to stronger allometric relationships closer to the expectation than Comadre. Moreover, the contribution of dimensionless demographic metrics to axes of variation in the shape of demographic trajectories was different between databases. The findings in the chapter demonstrate the key role of age dependence in vital rates for shaping demographic tactics across mammalian species and highlight the need for carefully choosing the database and the metrics to use depending on the question asked. Instead of opposing databases, the authors’ analysis nicely illustrates that different databases could be used to address different questions about life history variation.
Published: 2021

39. Do Equids Live longer than Grazing Bovids?

Author: Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Jean-François Lemaître, Dennis W. H. Müller, Patrick Duncan, Marcus Clauss, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Morgane Tidière, Ecoépidémiologie évolutionniste, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biodémographie évolutive, Ecologie et évolution des populations, Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation (Fraunhofer IOSB), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), University of Zurich, Tidière, Morgane, and La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Senescence, 010506 paleontology, demography, 10253 Department of Small Animals, Evolution, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, Gestation period, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogenetics, Grazing, Survival rate, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Ecological niche, 630 Agriculture, Ecology, slow-fast continuum, Longevity, biological times, actuarial senescence, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, pace of life, 570 Life sciences, biology
Abstract: International audience; A large part of the diversity of longevity and actuarial senescence (i.e., the progressive decline of survival probabilities with age) across vertebrates can be related to body size, phylogeny, and the species' position on the slow-fast continuum of life histories. However, differences in mortality patterns between ecologically similar species, such as bovids and equids, remain poorly understood. Equids are commonly understood to outlive bovid species relative to their body mass, despite very similar feeding niches. Comparing survival patterns of 13 bovid and ten equid sub-species, our findings confirm that equids outlive bovid species, with a higher adult survival rate and a delayed onset of senescence for equids, but no difference of rate of actuarial senescence. These differences are associated with a slower generation time and longer inter-birth interval, due to a longer gestation period, for equids compared to bovids. Finally, our results suggest that all biological times (i.e., all life history traits expressed in time units) have evolved synchronously in bovids, whereas in equids gestation time and inter-birth interval either were never in synchrony with, or have slowed down relative to other biological times. Our findings suggest the existence of different selection pressures, or different constraints, on specific time-related traits between these two mammalian families.
Published: 2020
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40. Female reproductive senescence across mammals: A high diversity of patterns modulated by life history and mating traits

Author: Victor Ronget, Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Senescence, Aging, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, Fertility, Comparative biology, Biology, Sexual Behavior, Animal, 03 medical and health sciences, Reproductive senescence, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Animals, Mating, Life History Traits, Cellular Senescence, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Mammals, Reproduction, Placentation, 030104 developmental biology, Female, Allometry, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Senescence patterns are highly variable across the animal kingdom. However, while empirical evidence of actuarial senescence in vertebrates is accumulating in the wild and life history correlates of actuarial senescence are increasingly identified, both the extent and variation of reproductive senescence across species remain poorly studied. Here, we performed the first large-scale analysis of female reproductive senescence across 101 mammalian species that encompassed a wide range of Orders. We found evidence of reproductive senescence in 68.31 % of the species, which demonstrates that reproductive senescence is pervasive in mammals. As expected from allometric rules, the onset of reproductive senescence occurs later and the rate of reproductive senescence decreases with increasing body mass and delayed age at first reproduction. Moreover, for a given pace of life, females displaying a high level of multiple mating and/or with induced ovulation senesce earlier than females displaying a low level of multiple mating and/or with spontaneous ovulation. These results suggest that both female mating behavior and reproductive physiology shape the diversity of reproductive senescence patterns across mammals. We propose future avenues of research regarding the role played by environmental conditions or reproductive features (e.g. type of placentation) on the evolution of reproductive senescence.
Published: 2020
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41. Lack of consensus on an aging biology paradigm? A global survey reveals an agreement to disagree, and the need for an interdisciplinary framework

Author: Otávio de Toledo Nóbrega, Jean-François Lemaître, Svetlana V. Ukraintseva, Luigi Ferrucci, Ulrich Anglas, Andreas Simm, Claudio Franceschi, Marcel G. M. Olde Rikkert, Alistair M. Senior, Véronique Legault, Joris Deelen, Tamas Fulop, Jeremy M. Van Raamsdonk, Sylvie Rheault, Sonja K. Soo, Graham Pawelec, Frédérik Dufour, Andrea B. Maier, Robert Ziman, Daniela Frasca, Bertrand Friguet, Pierrette Gaudreau, Annika Traa, Brian K. Kennedy, Vadim N. Gladyshev, Vera Gorbunova, Anne M. Bronikowski, Quentin Vanhaelen, Efstathios S. Gonos, Jacek M. Witkowski, Anatoliy I. Yashin, Gerardo Ferbeyre, Thomas Liontis, Philipp Gut, Mingxin Liu, Guang-Hui Liu, Alan A. Cohen, Mikhail Ivanchenko, AMS - Ageing & Vitality, Neuromechanics, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Aging, Biomedical Research, Consensus, Alzheimer`s disease Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 1], Systematic survey, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Epidemiology of aging, Evolution of ageing, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, media_common, Aged, Philosophy of science, Geriatrics gerontology, Aging mechanisms, Evolution of aging, Agreement, Epistemology, Biology of aging, Aging interventions, 030104 developmental biology, Aging paradigm, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology
Abstract: At a recent symposium on aging biology, a debate was held as to whether or not we know what biological aging is. Most of the participants were struck not only by the lack of consensus on this core question, but also on many basic tenets of the field. Accordingly, we undertook a systematic survey of our 71 participants on key questions that were raised during the debate and symposium, eliciting 37 responses. The results confirmed the impression from the symposium: there is marked disagreement on the most fundamental questions in the field, and little consensus on anything other than the heterogeneous nature of aging processes. Areas of major disagreement included what participants viewed as the essence of aging, when it begins, whether aging is programmed or not, whether we currently have a good understanding of aging mechanisms, whether aging is or will be quantifiable, whether aging will be treatable, and whether many non-aging species exist. These disagreements lay bare the urgent need for a more unified and cross-disciplinary paradigm in the biology of aging that will clarify both areas of agreement and disagreement, allowing research to proceed more efficiently. We suggest directions to encourage the emergence of such a paradigm.
Published: 2020
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42. Epigenetic clock and DNA methylation studies of roe deer in the wild

Author: Corinne Régis, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Joseph A. Zoller, Steve Horvath, Amin Haghani, Maryline Pellerin, Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Benjamin Rey, Caesar Z. Li, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, dNaM, Methylation, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Roe deer, 03 medical and health sciences, Capreolus, Biomarkers of aging, Evolutionary biology, biology.animal, DNA methylation, Epigenetics, education, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: DNA methylation-based biomarkers of aging (epigenetic clocks) promise to lead to new insights in the evolutionary biology of ageing. Relatively little is known about how the natural environment affects epigenetic aging effects in wild species. In this study, we took advantage of a unique long-term (>40 years) longitudinal monitoring of individual roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) living in two wild populations (Chizé and Trois Fontaines, France) facing different ecological contexts to investigate the relationship between chronological age and levels of DNA methylation (DNAm). We generated novel DNA methylation data from n=90 blood samples using a custom methylation array (HorvathMammalMethylChip40). We present three DNA methylation-based estimators of age (DNAm or epigenetic age), which were trained in males, females, and both sexes combined. We investigated how sex differences influenced the relationship between DNAm age and chronological age through the use of sex-specific epigenetic clocks. Our results highlight that both populations and sex influence the epigenetic age, with the bias toward a stronger male average age acceleration (i.e. differences between epigenetic age and chronological ages) particularly pronounced in the population facing harsh environmental conditions. Further, we identify the main sites of epigenetic alteration that have distinct aging patterns across the two sexes. These findings open the door to promising avenues of research at the crossroad of evolutionary biology and biogerontology.
Published: 2020
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43. Assessing the Diversity of the Form of Age-Specific Changes in Adult Mortality from Captive Mammalian Populations

Author: Jean-Michel Gaillard, Jean-François Lemaître, Morgane Tidière, Victor Ronget, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Senescence, demography, senescence, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gompertz function, Bayesian analysis, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, population dynamics, lcsh:QH301-705.5, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Ecological Modeling, Mortality rate, aging, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Age specific, lcsh:Biology (General), Trajectory analysis, Diversity (business), Demography
Abstract: International audience; Actuarial senescence (i.e., the age-specific increase in mortality rate) is pervasive across mammalian species, but our current understanding of the diversity of forms that actuarial senescence displays across species remains limited. Although several mathematical models have been proposed to model actuarial senescence, there is still no consensus on which model to use, especially when comparing mortality patterns among species. To fill this knowledge gap, we fitted and compared different forms of increase using models commonly used in senescence studies (i.e., Gompertz, Weibull, and logistic) across 61 species of mammalian captive populations using the Bayesian Survival Trajectory Analysis (BaSTA) approach. For as much as 79% of the species, a Gompertz increase of mortality with age was the most parsimonious model that satisfactorily described the shape of age-specific mortality changes in adults. This highlights that the form of the increase in mortality is mostly consistent across mammalian species and follows the Gompertz rule with some rare exceptions. The implications of that result are twofold. First, the Gompertz rate of mortality increase should be used in cross-species comparative analyses of mammals, as already done in some studies. Second, although the Gompertz model accurately describes actuarial senescence in most mammals, there are notable exceptions, and the factors causing this deviation from an exponential mortality increase during the adult stage warrant further investigation.
Published: 2020
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44. Sex differences in adult lifespan and aging rates of mortality across wild mammals

Author: Jean-François Lemaître, Fernando Colchero, Alexander Scheuerlein, Dominique Allainé, Vérane Berger, András Liker, Dalia Amor Conde, Morgane Tidière, Tamás Székely, Michael Garratt, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Aurélie Cohas, Victor Ronget, Gabriel A. B. Marais, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Senescence, Male, Aging, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Longevity, Biology, Demographic data, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Animals, Life history, General, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, Mammals, 0303 health sciences, Sex Characteristics, Multidisciplinary, Comparative analysis, Biological Sciences, Biological Evolution, Sexual selection, Mammal, Female, Demography
Abstract: In human populations, women consistently outlive men, which suggests profound biological foundations for sex differences in survival. Quantifying whether such sex differences are also pervasive in wild mammals is a crucial challenge in both evolutionary biology and biogerontology. Here, we compile demographic data from 134 mammal populations, encompassing 101 species, to show that the female's median lifespan is on average 18.6% longer than that of conspecific males, whereas in humans the female advantage is on average 7.8%. On the contrary, we do not find any consistent sex differences in aging rates. In addition, sex differences in median adult lifespan and aging rates are both highly variable across species. Our analyses suggest that the magnitude of sex differences in mammalian mortality patterns is likely shaped by local environmental conditions in interaction with the sex-specific costs of sexual selection.
Published: 2020
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45. Population position along the fast–slow life‐history continuum predicts intraspecific variation in actuarial senescence

Author: Hugo Cayuela, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Eric Bonnaire, Julian Pichenot, Jean-François Lemaître, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et évolution des populations, University of Zurich, Salguero‐Gómez, Roberto, and Cayuela, Hugo
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Amphibian, Senescence, life history, demography, senescence, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Bombina variegata, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, slow, Intraspecific competition, Life history theory, Birds, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, biology.animal, Animals, Life history, education, Life History Traits, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mammals, education.field_of_study, Actuarial science, biology, Continuum (measurement), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Bayes Theorem, biology.organism_classification, Variation (linguistics), 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 570 Life sciences, 590 Animals (Zoology), Animal Science and Zoology, amphibian, fast life history gradient, Anura, 1103 Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract: Patterns of actuarial senescence can be highly variable among species. Previous comparative analyses revealed that both age at the onset of senescence and rates of senescence are linked to position of a species along the fast–slow life‐history continuum. As there are few long‐term datasets of wild populations with known‐age individuals, intraspecific (i.e. between‐population) variation in senescence is understudied and limited to comparisons of wild and captive populations of the same species, mostly birds and mammals. In this paper, we examined how population position along the fast–slow life‐history continuum affects intraspecific variation in senescence in an amphibian, Bombina variegata. We used capture–recapture data collected in four populations with contrasting life‐history strategies. Senescence trajectories were analysed using Bayesian capture–recapture models. We show that in populations with fast life histories the onset of actuarial senescence was earlier and individuals aged at a faster rate than individuals in populations with slow life histories. Our study provides one of the few empirical examples of among‐population variation in actuarial senescence patterns in the wild and confirms that the fast–slow life‐history gradient is associated with both macroevolutionary and microevolutionary patterns of actuarial senescence.
Published: 2020
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46. The crustacean Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille, 1804) (Isopoda: Oniscoidea), a new promising model for the study of cellular senescence

Author: Christine Braquart-Varnier, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Thomas Becking, Charlotte Depeux, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Jean-François Lemaître, Hélène Pauhlac, Tiffany Laverre, Jérôme Moreau, Sophie Beltran-Bech, Ascel Samba-Louaka, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Ecologie et évolution des populations, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-CE13-0001,AmoCyst,Démêler les voies de signalisation impliquées dans l'enkystement des amibes pathogènes(2017), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Senescence, Telomerase, Woodlouse, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Context (language use), Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Biomarkers of aging, biology.animal, Telomerase reverse transcriptase, Model organism, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Armadillidium vulgare, 0303 health sciences, biology, ved/biology, Vertebrate, biology.organism_classification, Ageing, Evolutionary biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Drosophila melanogaster
Abstract: Senescence, the decline of physiological parameters with increasing age, is a quasi-ubiquitous phenomenon in the living world. The observed patterns of senescence, however, can markedly differ across species and populations, between sexes, and even among individuals. To identify the drivers of this variation in senescence, experimental approaches are essential and involve the development of tools and new study models. Current knowledge of the senescence process is mostly based on studies on vertebrates and main information about senescence in invertebrates is mostly limited to model organisms such asCaenorhabditis elegansorDrosophila melanogaster. In this context, we tested whether biomarkers of vertebrate ageing could be used to study senescence in a new invertebrate model: the common woodlouseArmadillidium vulgare(Latreille, 1804). More specifically, we looked for the effect of age in woodlouse on three well-established physiological biomarkers of ageing in vertebrates: immune cells (cell size, density, and viability), β-galactosidase activity, and the gene expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), an essential subunit of telomerase protein. We found that the size of immune cells was higher in older individuals, whereas their density and viability decreased, and that the β-galactosidase activity increased with age, whereas the TERT gene expression decreased. These findings demonstrate that woodlouse displays age-related changes in biomarkers of vertebrate senescence, with different patterns depending on gender. The tools used in studies of vertebrate senescence can thus be successfully used in studies of senescence of invertebrates such as the woodlouse. The application of commonly used tools to new biological models offers a promising approach to assess the diversity of senescence patterns across the tree of life.
Published: 2020
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47. Forest plot for the second meta-analysis (adult only) from No sex differences in adult telomere length across vertebrates: a meta-analysis

Author: Remot, Florentin, Ronget, Victor, Froy, Hannah, Rey, Benjamin, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Nussey, Daniel H., and Jean-François Lemaître
Abstract: In many mammalian species, females live on average longer than males. In humans, women have consistently longer telomeres than men, and this has led to speculation that sex differences in telomere length (TL) could play a role in sex differences in longevity. To address the generality and drivers of patterns of sex differences in TL across vertebrates, we performed meta-analyses across 51 species. We tested two main evolutionary hypotheses proposed to explain sex differences in TL, namely the heterogametic sex disadvantage and the sexual selection hypotheses. We found no support for consistent sex differences in TL between males and females among mammal, bird, fish and reptile species. This absence of sex differences in TL across different classes of vertebrates does not support the heterogametic sex disadvantage hypothesis. Likewise, the absence of any negative effect of sexual size dimorphism on male TL suggests that sexual selection is not likely to mediate the magnitude of sex differences in TL across vertebrates. Finally, the comparative analyses we conducted did not detect any association between sex differences in TL and sex differences in longevity, which does not support the idea that sex differences in TL could explain the observed sex differences in longevity.
Published: 2020
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48. Reproductive senescence and parental effects in an indeterminate grower

Author: Tiffany Laverre, Jérôme Moreau, Sophie Beltran-Bech, Charlotte Depeux, Hélène Pauhlac, Jean-François Lemaître, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Ecologie et évolution des populations, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Avian clutch size, Senescence, clutch size, Offspring, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Paternal Age, Armadillidium vulgare, 03 medical and health sciences, Reproductive senescence, Animals, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, Reproductive success, Reproduction, aging, indeterminate growth, Indeterminate growth, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, ageing, Female, Genetic Fitness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Isopoda, Maternal Age, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Reproductive senescence is the decrease of reproductive performance with in- creasing age and can potentially include trans-generational effects as the offspring produced by old parents might have a lower fitness than those produced by young parents. This negative effect may be caused either by the age of the father, mother or the interaction between the ages of both parents. Using the common woodlouse Armadillidium vulgare, an indeterminate grower, as a biological model, we tested for the existence of a deleterious effect of parental age on fitness components. Contrary to previous findings reported from vertebrate studies, old parents produced both a higher number and larger offspring than young parents. However, their offspring had lower fitness components (by surviving less, producing a smaller number of clutches or not reproducing at all) than offspring born to young parents. Our findings strongly support the existence of trans-generational senescence in woodlice and contradict the belief that old individuals in indeterminate growers contribute the most to re- cruitment and correspond thereby to the key life stage for population dynamics. Our work also provides rare evidence that the trans-generational effect of senescence can be stronger than direct reproductive senescence in indeterminate growers.
Published: 2020
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49. Going beyond Lifespan in Comparative Biology of Aging

Author: Michael Garratt, Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Senescence, Gerontology, 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Tree of life, General Medicine, Comparative biology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; Over the last few decades, comparative biology of aging has aimed toidentify factors responsible for the huge variability in lifespan observedacross the animal kingdom. While these studies have undeniablyimproved our understanding of the complex processes that shape lifespan,we argue that time has now come to focus on specific aging metrics (e.g.,age at the onset of aging, rate of aging) rather than on lifespan. Such a shiftin research programs would help decipher the fine-scale mechanismsshaping age-specific mortality profiles across the tree of life
Published: 2020
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50. An integrative view of senescence in nature

Author: Jean-Michel Gaillard, Jean-François Lemaître, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Senescence, Flourishing, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, Tree of life, 15. Life on land, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Reproductive senescence, Evolutionary biology, Evolutionary ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sociality, 010606 plant biology & botany, Diversity (politics), media_common
Abstract: Senescence—the decline in age‐specific contribution to fitness with increasing age—has been widely investigated in evolutionary ecology. A tremendous amount of detailed empirical analyses have now revealed the widespread occurrence of demographic senescence (i.e. both actuarial and reproductive senescence) and have started to identify factors (e.g. environmental conditions) that modulate its timing and intensity, both within and across species. In this special feature, we have built on this flourishing work to highlight several axes of research that would benefit from more integrative and multidisciplinary approaches. Several contributions compiled in this special feature emphasize that our understanding of senescence remains taxonomically limited, mostly focused on birds and mammals, and is therefore not representative of the biological diversity displayed across the tree of life. In line with this observation, the influence of some peculiar lifestyles (e.g. involving sociality or modularity) on the evolution of senescence is yet to be deciphered. Understanding of the diversity of senescence patterns across and within species and among traits will necessitate the establishment of new metrics as a golden standard to fully account for age‐specific changes recorded in individuals’ performance. This is illustrated with the specific case of actuarial senescence. This special feature also highlights that the diversity of biological samples collected from wild plants and animals, along with accurate demographic data, is expanding. The fast development of new molecular tools now offers a unique opportunity to launch research programmes at the interface of physiology, health and ageing in non‐model organisms. We argue that while these different research axes constitute key avenues of investigations for the coming years, they are only the tip of the iceberg. To appreciate the full complexity of the senescence process in nature, from its evolutionary causes to its demographic consequences, we also need a better understanding of the role played by both environmental conditions and gene–environment interactions, of constraints, and of senescence, an improved assessment of the influence of individual heterogeneity, and the consideration of transgenerational effects when quantifying the fitness consequences of senescence.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

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