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1. The sediment‐fill of Pago Pago Bay (Tutuila Island, American Samoa): New insights on the sediment record of past tsunamis

Author

Eric Chaumillon, Thierry Corrège, Catherine Chagué, Brieuc Riou, Jean-Luc Schneider, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Sydney] (BEES), and University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Stratigraphy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Aggradation, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, tectonic activity cycles, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Subduction, Bedrock, Sediment, Geology, Last Glacial Maximum, Core to seismic correlation, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Sedimentary rock, tsunami, shallow marine tsunami deposits, sediment bay-fill, Bay
Abstract

International audience; Extensive bathymetric and two-dimensional seismic surveys have been carried out and cores collected in Pago Pago Bay (Tutuila, American Samoa) in order to describe and gain a better understanding of the sediment fill of the bay, which was affected by the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami. Eight sedimentary units were identified over the volcanic bedrock. The basal transgressive unit displays retrograding onlaps towards the shore, whereas the overlying seven aggradational layers alternate between four draping units and three pinching out seaward units. 'Core to seismic' correlation reveals that draping units are composed of homogeneous silts, while pinching out units are dominated by very coarse coral fragments showing fresh cuts, mixed with Halimeda plates. The basal unit is attributed to transgressive sedimentation in response to flooding of the bay after the last glacial maximum, followed by the upper aggrada-tional units corresponding to highstand sedimentation. The changeovers in these upper units indicate an alternation between low-energy silt units and high-energy coral debris units interpreted as tsunami-induced deposits. The 14 C dating reveals that high-energy sedimentation units can last up to approximately 2000 years while low-energy sedimentation units can last up to approximately 1000 years. This alternation, deposited during the last high-stand, may be explained by cycles of tectonic activity and quiescence of the Tonga Trench subduction, which is the main source of tsunamigenic earthquakes impacting the Samoan archipelago. In the uppermost silt unit, only the geochemical signature of the terrestrial input of the 2009 SPT backwash deposits was detected between 7 cm and 9 cm depth. Hence, Pago Pago Bay offers a unique sediment record of Holocene bay-fill under the impact of past tsunamis intermittently during the last 7000 years.

Published
2020
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2. Les Auzières (Méthamis, Vaucluse)

Author

Jean-Baptiste FOURVEL, Nicolas Frerebeau, Jacqueline Argant, Salvador Bailon, Laurent Bruxelles, Emmanuel Desclaux, Alizé Hoffmann, Jean-Baptiste Javel, Christelle Lahaye, Véronique Laroulandie, Nicolas Lateur, Lebrun Brice, Pierre Magniez, François Marchal, Jean-Luc Schneider, Ludovic Slimak, Camille Thabard, Isabelle Théry-Parisot, Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle archéologique départemental de l'Ardèche, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de la Culture, and Direction régionale des affaires culturelles Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Service régional de l'archéologie

Subjects
Gorges de la Nesque, Néandertal, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Carnivores, Paléoenvironnement, Paléolithique, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Published
2021

3. Backwash sediment record of the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami and 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake Tsunami

Author

John-Patrick Walsh, Catherine Chagué, Pierre Sabatier, Atun Zawadzki, Eric Chaumillon, Daniela Fierro, Brieuc Riou, Jean-Luc Schneider, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rhode Island (URI), and Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation [Australie] (ANSTO)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], lcsh:Medicine, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, Sedimentary depositional environment, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:R, Natural hazards, Ocean sciences, American samoa, Oceanography, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, lcsh:Q, Sedimentary rock, Submarine pipeline, Bay, Geology
Abstract

Following recent tsunamis, most studies have focused on the onshore deposits, while the offshore backwash deposits, crucial for a better understanding of the hydrodynamic processes during such events and offering an opportunity for sedimentary archives of past tsunamis, have mostly been omitted. Here, we present a unique sedimentary record of the backwash from two historical tsunamis sampled in a sheltered bay in American Samoa, namely the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami and the 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake Tsunami. Although not always concomitant with a marked grain size change, backwash deposits are identified by terrestrial geochemical and mineralogical signatures, associated with basal soft sediment micro-deformations. These micro-deformations, including asymmetric flame structures, are described for the first time in historic shallow marine backwash deposits and lead us to propose an improved depositional mechanism for tsunami backflow based on hyperpycnal currents. Moreover, this study brings a potential new criterion to the proxy toolkit for identifying tsunami backwash deposits, namely the basal soft sediment micro-deformations. We suggest that further studies focus on these micro-deformations in order to test the representability of this criterion for tsunami backwash deposits. Sheltered shallow marine environments in areas repeatedly impacted by tsunamis have a higher potential for the reconstruction of paleo-tsunami catalogs and should be preferentially investigated for coastal risk assessment.

Published
2020
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4. Tectonism and volcanism enhanced by deglaciation events in southern Iceland

Author

Agust Guðmundsson, Sophie Passot, Christophe Innocentd, F. Bergerat, Jean-Luc Schneider, Gilles Chazot, Céline Liorzou, Pascal Allemand, Philippe Grandjean, Hervé Guillou, Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoë, Thibault Cavailhes, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Eemian, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Rift, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Volcanism, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Volcano, 13. Climate action, Interglacial, Deglaciation, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Glacial period, Ice sheet, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

Southern Iceland is one of the main outlets of the Icelandic ice sheet and is subject to seismicity of both tectonic and volcanic origins along the South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ). A sedimentary complex spanning Marine Isotopic Stage 6 (MIS 6) to the present includes evidence of both activities. It includes a continuous sedimentary record since the Eemian interglacial period, controlled by a rapid deglaciation, followed by two marine glacioisostasy-forced transgressions, separated by a regression phase connected to an intra-MIS 5e glacial advance. This record has been constrained by tephrostratigraphy and dating. Analysis of this record has provided better insights into the interconnectedness of hydrology and volcanic and tectonic activity during deglaciations and glaciations. Low-intensity earthquakes recurrently affected the water-laid sedimentation during the early stages of unloading, accompanying rifting events, dyke injection, and fault reactivations. During full interglacial periods, earthquakes were significantly less frequent but of higher magnitude along the SISZ, due to stress accumulation, favored by low groundwater levels and more limited magma production. Occurrence of volcanism and seismicity in Iceland is commonly related to rifting events. Subglacial volcanic events seem moreover to have been related to stress unlocking related to limited or full unloading/deglaciation events. Major eruptions were mostly located at the melting margin of the ice sheet.

Published
2020
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5. Eemian estuarine record forced by glacio-isostasy (southern Iceland)—link with Greenland and deep sea records

Author

Gilles Chazot, Céline Liorzou, Soléne Guégan, Jean-Luc Schneider, Hervé Guillou, Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoë, Agust Guðmundsson, Sébastien Nomade, Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Eemian, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Facies, Deglaciation, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Sedimentary rock, 14. Life underwater, Ice sheet, Tephra, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Geology, Terminal moraine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Marine transgression
Abstract

Central southern Iceland is one of the main outlets of the Icelandic Ice Sheet where a MIS 5e sedimentary complex, the Rangá Formation, is extensively observed below the last deglaciation terminal moraines. Sedimentary facies demonstrate that the Rangá Formation is mostly tidal, up to 215 m (transgression I) and 168 m (transgression II) in altitude. The first highstand reworks a thick tephra from the Grimsvötn volcano, known in marine cores as 5e low/Bas-IV and positioned at ca. 127 Ka BP, the Eemian thermal optimum. This formation is related to a rapid deglaciation followed by two marine transgressions marked by the development of extended mud flats, which were separated by a complex regression phase, associated with loess deposition, ca. 9 Ka in duration. Palaeo jökulhlaups, basaltic flows, and tephra fallouts from the Hekla and Grimsvötn volcanoes affected the sedimentation. The Rangá Formation yields one of the first continuous and complete estuarine records of the Eemian interglacial in Iceland and probably for most of the northern terrestrial Atlantic. This estuarine infill records the distal signature of a complex glacial advance within the last interglacial, already well identified in northern and central Iceland. The glacial advance is attributed to the intra-Eemian cooling events (Greenland GS 26 or marine cold events M-C25-C26). It is followed by a warming and a glacial retreat corresponding to the Greenland GI 25 event. This formation allows, in connection with the timing of recognized volcanic periods, a better insight of the interconnections between sea-level, regional glacial extent, and Northern Hemisphere marine and ice core climatic records.

Published
2018
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6. The extreme mobility of debris avalanches: A new model of transport mechanism

Author

Vincent Famin, Patrick Bachèlery, Laurent Michon, François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec, Helene Périnotto, Jean-Luc Schneider, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion (LGSR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Physical model, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Elastic energy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Debris, Fractal dimension, Grain size, Matrix (geology), Geophysics, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Fluidization, Petrology, Geomorphology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Large rockslide-debris avalanches, resulting from flank collapses that shape volcanoes and mountains on Earth and other object of the solar system, are rapid and dangerous gravity-driven granular flows that travel abnormal distances. During the last 50 years, numerous physical models have been put forward to explain their extreme mobility. The principal models are based on fluidization, lubrication, or dynamic disintegration. However, these processes remain poorly constrained. To identify precisely the transport mechanisms during debris avalanches, we examined morphometric (fractal dimension and circularity), grain size, and exoscopic characteristics of the various types of particles (clasts and matrix) from volcanic debris avalanche deposits of La Réunion Island (Indian Ocean). From these data we demonstrate for the first time that syn-transport dynamic disintegration continuously operates with the increasing runout distance from the source down to a grinding limit of 500 μm. Below this limit, the particle size reduction exclusively results from their attrition by frictional interactions. Consequently, the exceptional mobility of debris avalanches may be explained by the combined effect of elastic energy release during the dynamic disintegration of the larger clasts and frictional reduction within the matrix due to interactions between the finer particles.

Published
2015
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7. Importance of infragravity waves for the generation of washover deposits

Author

Eric Chaumillon, Juliette Baumann, Jean-Luc Schneider, Xavier Bertin, Myriam Schmutz, Benoit Guillot, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Pathology, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut Charles Sadron (ICS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infragravity wave, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Storm surge, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Deposition (geology), Sedimentary depositional environment, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Overwash, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Geomorphology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Sediment, Geology, Sedimentation, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Sedimentary rock
Abstract

Washover deposits are among the most remarkable sedimentary signatures of dune breaching and coastal inundation. Overwash of the barrier leading to washover development can be related either to storms or tsunamis but the distinction between these two processes based on the depositional record is still a matter of debate. Hence, studying recent well-documented washover deposits, combining sedimentological and hydrodynamic investigations is a key approach to identify the processes governing the washover deposition and to analyze their sediment record within the washover. During the winter of 2013–2014, the coasts of the Bay of Biscay experienced an exceptional wave climate, leading to dune breaching and washover deposition at many locations, including the Gatseau Spit (South of Oleron Island, France). Field observations, aerial photographs, topographic measurements, GPR investigations, trenches and cores, grain size analysis and magnetic fabric measurements were carried out and complemented with hydrodynamic modeling of tides, storm surges, short waves and infra gravity waves in order to compute maximum runup during the winter of 2013–2014. Such an interdisciplinary approach led to propose that: (1) large overwash events occurring during the winter of 2013–2014 were mainly driven by infra gravity (IG) waves combined with high tides; (2) the washover elongated outer shape was strongly controlled by the antecedent morphology of the back-barrier area; (3) one overwash flow driven by one IG wave is recorded by one normally graded lamina composed of quartz sand at base and heavy minerals enriched sand at top; (4) dominant settling of the particles from a suspension during sedimentation occurred in the end of each overwash flow in response to flow velocity decrease; (5) laminae can be grouped in laminasets generally composed of thinning upward laminae, related to overwash flow depth decrease during falling tide and to erosion of basal laminae by highest overwash flows occurring more likely around the high tide; (6) the number of laminasets in a proximal position is in the same order of magnitude as the number of modeled highest runup events, offering an almost complete record of overwash events that occurred during the winter 2013–2014.

Published
2017
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8. Contrasting sediment records of marine submersion events related to wave exposure, Southwest France

Author

Pierre-Guy Sauriau, Frank Jorissen, Juliette Baumann, Pierre Richard, Sabinne Schmidt, Jérôme Bonnin, Eric Chaumillon, Jean-Luc Schneider, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bio-Indicateurs Actuels et Fossiles (BIAF), and Université d'Angers (UA)

Subjects
Dike, Marsh, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Stratigraphy, Submersion (coastal management), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Foraminifera, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Holocene, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, foraminifera, Geology, Estuary, biology.organism_classification, marine flooding, Oceanography, sediment, storm waves, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Sedimentary rock, Bioturbation
Abstract

International audience; Sediment records of two contrasting backshore coastal marshes, extremely vulnerable to recent and historical marine flooding events, located on the SW coast of France, have been investigated using a multiproxy approach. The studied marshes are 30 km apart and have been flooded by similar storm events (7 marine floods in the last 250 years). One is located in a wave-exposed coast but isolated from the sea by a sediment barrier, whereas the other is located in a sheltered estuarine environment and isolated from the sea by a dike. One core was collected in each marsh and information on grain-size, foraminifera, shell contents and stable carbon isotopes was obtained along with an age model using 210Pb, 137Cs and 14C. Core data combined with historical maps give evidence of a typical estuarine backfilling, part of the Holocene regressive parasequence, including an intertidal mudflat at the base and a backshore environment at the top. Despite the absence of grain size anomalies, marine flood-related sedimentation in the backshore area of both marshes is identified by a mixture of marine and terrestrial features, including marine fauna, vegetation debris and variation in the δ13C signature of the organic fraction. Very low sedimentation rates between flood events and/or bioturbation prevents the identification of individual episodic marine floods in the sediment succession. Comparison of the two sedimentary successions shows that the foraminifera deposited by marine submersions are of two different types. Foraminifera are monospecific and originate from the upper tidal mudflat in the sheltered marsh; whereas in the backshore marsh located in a wave-exposed environment, they show higher diversity and originate from both shallow and deeper water marine environments. Thisstudy shows that wave exposure can control the faunal content of marine flood sediment records in coastal marshes.

Published
2017
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9. Storm-induced marine flooding: Lessons from a multidisciplinary approach

Author

Juliette Baumann, Gwenaële Jan, Marco Bajo, Alain Hénaff, André B. Fortunato, Laurent Dezileau, Eric Chaumillon, John P. Walsh, Xavier Bertin, Etienne Chauveau, Bruno Gervais, Jean-Luc Schneider, Agnès Michelot, Benoit Waeles, Thierry Sauzeau, Jean-François Breilh, Rodrigo Pedreros, Axel Creach, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil [Lisboa] (LNEC), Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil - LNEC, Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Juridiques et Politiques - EA 3170 (CEJEP), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Nantes), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Brest), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaires en Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Musicologie (CRIHAM), Université de Poitiers-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Axe 2 (2017-2021) : 'Vulnérabilités et risques' (MSHS Poitiers), Maison des sciences de l'homme et de la société de Poitiers (MSHS), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etablissement Principal du Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine à Brest (EPSHOM) – Brest, section Géodésie–Géophysique, EPSHOM, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Poitiers, SIM, and NAO

Subjects
Risk, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Vulnerability index, Population, vulnerability, Vulnerability, Climate change, Storm surge, Past marine floods, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Public policies, Numerical model, Overflowing, Vulnerability assessment, storm flood deposits, Coastal realignment, 14. Life underwater, Coastal flood, education, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Flooding (psychology), Submersions forecast, Overtopping, Storm flood deposits, Marine flooding, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Barrier breaching, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Historical archives, business, Coastal management
Abstract

There is a growing interest for marine flooding related to recent catastrophic events and their unintended consequences in terms of casualties and damages, and to the increasing population and issues along the coasts in a context of changing climate. Consequently, the knowledge on marine flooding has progressed significantly for the last years and this review, focused on storm-induced marine submersions, responds to the need for a synthesis. Three main components are presented in the review: (1) a state-of-the-art on marine submersions from the viewpoint of several scientific disciplines; (2) a selection of examples demonstrating the added value of interdisciplinary approaches to improve our knowledge of marine submersions; (3) a selection of examples showing how the management of future crises or the planning efforts to adapt to marine submersions can be supported by new results or techniques from the research community. From a disciplinary perspective, recent progress were achieved with respect to physical processes, numerical modeling, the knowledge of past marine floods and vulnerability assessment. At a global scale, the most vulnerable coastal areas to marine flooding with high population density are deltas and estuaries. Recent and well-documented floods allow analyzing the vulnerability parameters of different coastal zones. While storm surges can nowadays be reproduced accurately, the modeling of coastal flooding is more challenging, particularly when barrier breaches and wave overtopping have to be accounted for. The chronology of past marine floods can be reconstructed combining historical archives and sediment records. Sediment records of past marine floods localized in back barrier depressions are more adequate to reconstruct past flooding chronology. For the two last centuries, quantitative and descriptive historical data can be used to characterize past marine floods. Beyond providing a chronology of events, sediment records combined with geochronology, statistic analysis and climatology, can be used to reconstruct millennial-scale climate variability and enable a better understanding of the possible regional and local long-term trends in storm activity. Sediment records can also reveal forgotten flooding of exceptional intensity, much more intense than those of the last few decades. Sedimentological and historical archives, combined with highresolution topographic data or numerical hindcast of storms can provide quantitative information and explanations for marine flooding processes. From these approaches, extreme past sea levels height can be determined and are very useful to complete time series provided by the instrumental measurements on shorter time scales. In particular, historical data can improve the determination of the return periods associated with extreme water levels, which are often inaccurate when computed based on instrumental data, due to the presence of gaps and too short time-series. Longterm numerical hindcast of tides and surges can also be used to provide the required time series for statistical analysis. Worst-case scenarios, used to define coastal management plans and strategies, can be obtained from realistic atmospheric settings with different tidal ranges and by shifting the trajectory of storms. Management of future crises and planning efforts to adapt to marine submersions are optimized by predictions of water levels from hydrodynamic models. Such predictions combined with in situ measurements and analysis of human stakes can be used to define a vulnerability index. Then, the efficiency of adaptation measures can be evaluated with respect to the number of lives that could be potentially saved. Numerical experiments also showed that the realignment of coastal defenses could result in water level reduction up to 1 m in the case where large marshes are flooded. Such managed realignment of coastal defenses may constitute a promising adaptation to storm-induced flooding and future sea level rise. From a legal perspective, only a few texts pay specific attention to the risk of marine flooding whether nationally or globally. Recent catastrophic events and their unintended consequences in terms of death and damages have triggered political decisions, like in USA after hurricane Katrina, and in France after catastrophic floods that occurred in 2010. 151-184pp Volume 165 DHA/NEC Earth-Science Reviews

Published
2017
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10. Using magnetic fabric to reconstruct the dynamics of tsunami deposition on the Sendai Plain, Japan — The 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami

Author

Catherine Chagué-Goff, Bruce E. Jaffe, J.L. Bouchez, James Goff, Kazuhisa Goto, Daisuke Sugawara, Jean-Luc Schneider, and Bruce M. Richmond

Subjects
Shore, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geology, Oceanography, Magnetic susceptibility, Traction (geology), Lineation, Geochemistry and Petrology, Trench, Particle-size distribution, Sedimentary rock, Geomorphology, Bed load
Abstract

The magnetic fabric and grain size of sand deposits emplaced during the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami were studied in five trenches along a 1800 m long shore normal transect on the Sendai plain as well as in a near shore sedimentary infill of a scour depression. The magnetic susceptibility in all deposits is due to ferromagnetic minerals (mainly magnetite) making the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (magnetic fabric) suitable for fabric analyses. The dominant magnetic fabric is planar in all trenches and stronger in finer-grained inland deposits than in the coarser sediments. This planar fabric is related to tractive shearing of the bedload basal portion of the tsunami flow that led to the deposition of traction carpet layers. Among the various fabric parameters used for this study, the vertical evolution of the shape factor ( q ) of the magnetic ellipsoid in each trench follows the evolution of the magnetic lineation ( L ) and foliation ( F ). These parameters provide information on the hydrodynamic energy (flow speed) fluctuations during the emplacement of the tsunami deposit. For the most proximal deposits, characterized by well-sorted reworked beach sand with minor fluctuations in grain-size distribution, the magnetic fabric is sensitive to hydrodynamic energy variations during sedimentation. Reconstruction of tsunami flow orientation in the sediments, based on the orientation of the mean K max calculated for each trench, appears to be unambiguous only for the sandy infills of small topographic depressions. The variations in flow direction indicators elsewhere could be related to local variation of the flow and to micro-topographic effects. These findings are encouraging for the use of the magnetic fabric proxy in the study of paleotsunami deposits.

Published
2014
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11. High-resolution analysis of a tsunami deposit: Case-study from the 1755 Lisbon tsunami in southwestern Spain

Author

Simon Falvard, Elisabeth Miot-Noirault, Jean-Luc Schneider, Mhammed Benbakkar, Raphaël Paris, Stéphanie Cuven, and Isabelle Billy

Subjects
High resolution analysis, Sediment Analysis, Geochemistry and Petrology, Sorting (sediment), Trench, Sediment, Geology, Oceanography, Bay, Deposition (geology), Seismology
Abstract

A multi-proxy approach using trench sediment analysis on the southwestern coast of Spain (Los Lances Bay, Andalusia) provides a high-resolution record of the 1755 Lisbon tsunami and offers new means to interpret tsunami deposits. A combination of sedimentological (grain size, sorting, AMS), micromorphological (X-ray tomography and radiography, thin sections) and geochemical analyses (X-ray microfluorescence, ICP-AES) combines to provide a comprehensive reconstruction of the different phases of tsunami deposition and flow dynamics. Vertical variations in sediment texture, fabric and composition of the 1755 tsunami deposits in Los Lances are then discussed with reference to existing literature on diagnostic criteria commonly used for identifying and interpreting tsunami deposits. Finally possible leads for future investigation are proposed.

Published
2013
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12. Gravity-Driven Deposits in an Active Margin (Ionian Sea) Over the Last 330 000 Years

Author

Patrick Bachèlery, Laurine San Pedro, Sébastien Zaragosi, Jean-Luc Schneider, Thierry Garlan, Eléonore Köng, Marjolaine Sabine, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM), Ministère de la Défense, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pyroclastic rock, natural hazard, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Geochemistry and Petrology, Passive margin, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, 14. Life underwater, Slumping, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Subduction, Ionian Sea, Volcanic glass, palaeoearthquakes, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Ridge, etna volcanism, Sedimentary rock, Tephrochronology, accretionary wedges, Seismology, Geology, turbidites
Abstract

In the Ionian Sea, the subduction of the Nubia plate underneath the Eurasia plate leads to an important sediment remobilisation on the Calabrian Arc and the Mediterranean Ridge. These events are often associated with earthquakes and tsunamis. In this study, we analyse gravity-driven deposits in order to establish their recurrence time on the Calabrian Arc and the western Mediterranean Ridge. Four gravity cores collected on ridges and slope basins of accretionary prisms record turbidites, megaturbidites, slumping and micro-faults over the last 330,000 years. These turbidites were dated by correlation with a hemipelagic core with a multi-proxy approach: radiometric dating, δ18O, b* colour curve, sapropels and tephrochronology. The origin of the gravity-driven deposits was studied with a sedimentary approach: grain-size, lithology, thin section, geochemistry of volcanic glass. The results suggest three periods of presence/absence of gravity-driven deposits: a first on the western lobe of the Calabrian Arc between 330 000 and 250 000 years, a second between 120 000 years and present day on the eastern lobe of the Calabrian Arc and over the last 60 000 years on the western lobe, and a third on the Mediterranean Ridge over the last 37 000 years. Return times for gravity-driven deposits are around 1000 years during the most important record periods. The turbidite activity also highlights the presence of volcaniclastic turbidites that seems to be link to the Etna changing morphology over the last 320 000 years.

Published
2017
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13. Untangling the complex origin of turbidite activity on the Calabrian Arc (Ionian Sea) over the last 60ka

Author

Laurine San Pedro, Calypso Racine, Chloé Seibert, Patrick Bachèlery, Eléonore Köng, Thierry Garlan, Sébastien Zaragosi, Jean-Luc Schneider, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM), Ministère de la Défense, Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion (LGSR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Volcaniclastic turbidites, Accretionary wedge, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Pyroclastic rock, Palaeoearthquakes, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Natural hazard, Geochemistry and Petrology, Co-seismic turbidites, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Subduction, Accretionary prism, Abyssal plain, Geology, Ionian Sea, Volcanic glass, 13. Climate action, Sedimentary rock, Siliciclastic, Palaeotsunamis, Tephrochronology, Seismology
Abstract

International audience; The Ionian Sea, due to the presence of two accretionary prisms, the Calabrian Arc and the Mediterranean Ridge, associated with the subduction of the Nubia plate and the Eurasia plate, is the witness of large and catastrophic turbidite events. These events are associated with high magnitude earthquakes and tsunamis. They lead an important gravity-driven sedimentary deposit in the Ionian basin. In this study, we analysed turbidite deposits in order to establish a calendar of the palaeoseismicity and volcaniclastic events from Etna on the Calabrian Arc. Two gravity cores collected in a slope basin on the Calabrian Arc and in the Ionian abyssal plain record more than two hundred turbidites over the last 60,000 years. These turbidites were dated with a multi-proxy approach: radiometric dating, tephrochronology and sapropels. The origin of the turbidites was studied with a sedimentary approach: grain-size, lithology, thin section, and geochemistry of volcanic glass. The results suggest that three triggers are responsible for the deposits of turbidites. There are siliciclastic turbidites triggered by earthquakes and tsunamis waves, and volcaniclastic turbidites triggered by the Etna volcano eruptions or flank collapses. Co-seismic turbidites present different recurrence times depending on the location of the core. On the Calabrian Arc, recurrence times vary between 450 and 1000 years according to the periods in time. On the abyssal plain, recurrence times are shorter and more regular: around every 240 years.

Published
2016
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14. Expanding the proxy toolkit to help identify past events — Lessons from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami

Author

Catherine Chagué-Goff, Jean-Luc Schneider, Dale Dominey-Howes, James Goff, and Luke C. Strotz

Subjects
Shore, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Chemical data, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Debris, Proxy (climate), Foraminifera, Sedimentary depositional environment, Indian ocean, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 14. Life underwater, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

article i nfo Some of the proxies used to identify palaeotsunamis are reviewed in light of new findings following the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami, and a revised toolkit provided. The new application of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) to the study of tsunami deposits and its usefulness to determine the hydrodynamic conditions during the emplacement of tsunami sequences, together with data from grain size analysis, are presented. The value of chemical proxies as indicators of saltwater inundation, associated marine shell and/or coral, high-energy depositional environment, and possible contamination, is demonstrated and issues of preservation addressed. We also provide new findings from detailed studies of heavy minerals. New information gathered during the UNESCO — International Oceanographic Commission (IOC) International Tsunami Survey of fine onshore sediments following the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami is presented, and includes grain size, chemical, diatom and foraminifera data. The tsunami deposit varied, ranging from fining-upward sand layers to thin sand layers overlain by a thick layer of organic debris and/or a mud cap. Grain size characteristics, chemical data and microfossil assemblages provide evidence for marine inundation from near shore, and changes in flow dynamics during the tsunami.

Published
2011
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15. Turbidite system architecture and sedimentary processes along topographically complex slopes: the Makran convergent margin

Author

Julien Bourget, Thierry Garlan, Nicolas Mouchot, Nadine Ellouz-Zimmermann, Siegfried Lallemant, Valentine Lanfumey, Sébastien Zaragosi, and Jean-Luc Schneider

Subjects
Margin (machine learning), Passive margin, Stratigraphy, Systems architecture, Geology, Sedimentary rock, Plunge pool, Geomorphology, Hydraulic jump, Gravity flow, Turbidite
Abstract

Julien Bourget, Sebastien Zaragosi, Nadine Ellouz-Zimmermann, Nicolas Mouchot, Thierry Garlan, Jean-Luc Schneider, Valentine Lanfumey and Sigfried Lallemant

Published
2011
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16. High-resolution analysis of submarine lobes deposits: Seismic-scale outcrops of the Lauzanier area (SE Alps, France)

Author

Thierry Mulder, Elodie Marchès, Sébastien Zaragosi, Yannick Callec, Brice Ferger, Jean-Luc Schneider, Olivier Parize, Mathieu Gaudin, Samuel Toucanne, Tristan Salles, Cécile Robin, Cédric Bonnel, Emmanuelle Ducassou, Philippe Joseph, Fabien Linares, Jonathan Allard, Emmanuel Dujoncquoy, Vincent Hanquiez, Samuel Etienne, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Département Géosciences (AREVA-BU Mines), Groupe AREVA, IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre Armoricain de Recherches en Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Unité de recherche Géosciences Marines (Ifremer) (GM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre Armoricain de Recherches en Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Géosciences Marines (GM)

Subjects
Turbidity current, Gravity processes, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Outcrop, Stratigraphy, Channelled lobe, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Annot Sandstone, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Topographic compensation, 01 natural sciences, Unconformity, Sedimentary depositional environment, Paleontology, Non-channelled lobe, Clastic rock, Confined basin, Facies, Sedimentary rock, Progradation, Geomorphology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; The Lauzanier area represents the northernmost extension of the Annot Sandstone series and contains deposits between 650 and 900 m-thick. This basin was active from upper Bartonian or lower Priabonian to early Rupelian. It is composed of two superposed units separated by a major unconformity. The sediment supply is due to channelled flows coming from the south. Flow processes include mass flow to turbidity currents. The size of the particles and the absence of fine-grained sediment suggest a transport over a short distance. The Lower Unit is made of coarse-grained tabular beds interpreted as non-channelled lobe deposits. The Upper Unit is made of massive conglomerates interpreted as the channelled part of lobes. These lobe deposits settle in a tectonically confined basin according to topographic compensation that occurs from bed scale to unit scale. The abrupt progradation between the lower and the upper unit seems related to a major tectonic uplift in the area. This uplift is also suggested by a change in the petrographic nature of the source and an abrupt coarsening of the transported clasts. This field example allows providing high resolution analysis for depositional sedimentary sequences of terminal lobe deposits in a coarse-grained turbidite system. The outcrop analysis shows the lateral evolution of deposits and the system progradation allows a longitudinal analysis of facies evolution by superposing on the same outcrops the channelled lobe system and the non-channelled lobe system. These results of high-resolution outcrop analysis can be extrapolated to results obtained on sedimentary lobes in recent deep-sea turbidite system that are either restricted to cores, or with a lesser resolution (seismic).

Published
2010
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17. Hyperpycnal-fed turbidite lobe architecture and recent sedimentary processes: A case study from the Al Batha turbidite system, Oman margin

Author

Thierry Garlan, Julien Bourget, Virginie Mas, Nadine Ellouz-Zimmermann, A. Van Toer, Thierry Mulder, Sébastien Zaragosi, Jean-Luc Schneider, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM), Ministère de la Défense, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Climat et Magnétisme (CLIMAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Français du Pétrole, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, Geochemistry, Sediment, Geology, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Turbidite, Sedimentary depositional environment, Facies, Transition zone, Erosion, Sedimentary rock, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Geomorphology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

article The main sediment depocenter along the Oman margin is the Al Batha turbidite system that develops in the Gulf of Oman basin. It is directly connected to the wadi Al Batha, and forms a typical sand and mud rich point source system that acts as regional sediment conduit and feeds a ~1000 km 2 sandy lobe. The Al Batha lobe depositional architecture has been investigated in detail using very high-resolution seismic, multibeam echosounder data and sediment cores. Several scales of depositional architecture can be observed. The Al Batha lobe is composed of several depositional units, made of stacked elementary sediment bodies (thinner than 5 m) that are each related to a single flow event. The lobe is connected to the feeder system through a channel-lobe transition zone (CLTZ) that extends on more than 25 km. The lobe can be divided into proximal, middle and distal lobe areas. The proximal lobe is an area of erosion and by-pass with small axial feeder channels that rapidly splay into several small distributaries. They disappear in the mid-lobe area where deposits consist of vertically stacked tabular to lens-shaped sediment bodies, with a lateral continuity that can exceed 10 km. The distal lobe fringe shows a classical facies transition towards thin- bedded basin plain deposits. Sub-surface deposits consist of sandy turbidites and hyperpycnites, interbedded with fine-grained deposits (thin turbidites, hyperpycnites, or hemipelagites). Although these distal deposits are mainly related to flow transformations and concentration evolution, they highlight the importance of flooding of the wadi Al Batha on the sediment transfer to the deep basin. The thick sandy hyperpycnites recovered in such a distal area are also possibly related to the initial properties of gravity flows, in relation to the flooding characteristics of mountainous desert streams.

Published
2010
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18. Contrasting sedimentary processes along a convergent margin: the Lesser Antilles arc system

Author

Michel Picard, Georges Boudon, and Jean-Luc Schneider

Subjects
geography, Accretionary wedge, geography.geographical_feature_category, Turbidity current, Volcanic arc, Subduction, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Structural basin, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Oceanography, Paleontology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Arc system, Sedimentary rock, Siliciclastic, Geomorphology, Geology
Abstract

Sedimentation processes occurring in an active convergent setting are well illustrated in the Lesser Antilles island arc. The margin is related to westward subduction of the North and/or the South America plates beneath the Caribbean plate. From east to west, the arc can be subdivided into several tectono-sedimentary depositional domains: the accretionary prism, the fore-arc basin, the arc platform and inter-arc basin, and the Grenada back-arc basin. The Grenada back-arc basin, the fore-arc basin (Tobago Trough) and the accretionary prism on the east side of the volcanic arc constitute traps for particles derived from the arc platform and the South American continent. The arc is volcanically active, and provides large volumes of volcaniclastic sediments which accumulate mainly in the Grenada basin by volcaniclastic gravity flows (volcanic debris avalanches, debris flows, turbiditic flows) and minor amounts by fallout. By contrast, the eastern side of the margin is fed by ash fallout and minor volcaniclastic turbidites. In this area, the dominant component of the sediments is pelagic in origin, or derived from South America (siliciclastic turbidites). Insular shelves are the locations of carbonate sedimentation, such as large platforms which develop in the Limestone Caribbees in the northern part of the margin. Reworking of carbonate material by turbidity currents also delivers lesser amounts to eastern basins of the margin. This contrasting sedimentation on both sides of the arc platform along the margin is controlled by several interacting factors including basin morphology, volcanic productivity, wind and deep-sea current patterns, and sea-level changes. Basin morphology appears to be the most dominant factor. The western slopes of the arc platform are steeper than the eastern ones, thus favouring gravity flow processes.

Published
2006
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20. Sedimentary signatures of the entrance of coarse-grained volcaniclastic flows into the sea: the example of the breccia units of the Las Palmas Detritic Formation (Mio–Pliocene, Gran Canaria, Eastern Atlantic, Spain)

Author

Domingo Gimeno Torrente, Juan Carlos Carracedo, Patrick Wassmer, Francisco José Pérez Torrado, María del Carmen Cabrera Santana, and Jean-Luc Schneider

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Lava, Lithostratigraphy, Geochemistry, Pyroclastic rock, Volcanic rock, Paleontology, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Clastic rock, Breccia, Stratovolcano, Sedimentary rock, Geology
Abstract

The transformations of volcaniclastic gravity flows entering the sea remain poorly understood. They are recorded by sedimentary signatures in the volcaniclastic sedimentation of the Mio–Pliocene Las Palmas Detritic Formation (LPDF) of the volcanic island of Gran Canaria. These gravity flows are contemporaneous with an erosive period on the island succeeding the emplacement of the Fataga Volcanic Group, and the beginning of the evolution of the Roque Nublo stratovolcano. The sedimentary section that crops out at the mouth of a paleobarranco at Las Cuevas del Guincho comprises subtidal calcareous and clastic sediments affected by wave and storm action (Units 1 and 3), beach gravels (Unit 4), volcaniclastic deposits represented by reworked phonolitic pyroclastic deposits (Unit 1), breccia deposits that contain juvenile and phonolitic gravels and blocks mainly incorporated at the shoreline (Unit 2), and a debris avalanche deposit at the top (Unit 5). The breccia deposits display a reversely graded base which disappears distally as a result of seawater incorporation and liquidization of the volcaniclastic mass and mixing with marine sediment. This breccia unit is interpreted as having been emplaced by a granular mass flow after transformation of a block and ash flow deposit that entered the sea. In the debris avalanche deposits, thermal quenching of juvenile basaltic lava clasts and large inclined clastic intrusions of underlying marine sediments suggest that the debris avalanche entered the sea. Rapid subaqueous emplacement of the granular mass flow and of the debris avalanche deformed the sedimentary substratum. Water incorporation reduced the influence of the volcaniclastic flows on the substratum. AMS data confirm the effect of water ingestion and correlative loss of cohesion and allow also reconstruction of paleoflow directions that were normal to the paleoshoreline of the northern coast of Gran Canaria. All these volcaniclastic gravity flow deposits and their textural characteristics are particularly useful in the reconstruction of processes that occur at the subaerial–submarine transition and for the location of ancient shorelines.

Published
2004
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21. Effects of the internal structure of a rock–avalanche dam on the drainage mechanism of its impoundment, Flims sturzstrom and Ilanz paleo-lake, Swiss Alps

Author

N. Pollet, C Schmitter-Voirin, Patrick Wassmer, and Jean-Luc Schneider

Subjects
Varve, Mass movement, Water flow, Facies, Geochemistry, Carbonate rock, Sedimentary rock, Sturzstrom, Quaternary, Geomorphology, Geology, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

The Holocene sturzstrom of Flims, Grisons, Switzerland mobilized 12 km3 of Jurassic limestone making it one of the largest events of this kind on the earth. The material dammed a 10-km-long reach of the upper Rhine River Valley with thicknesses up to 400 m. A 40-km-long natural lake was formed upstream. The body of the avalanche deposits displays a well-preserved internal fabric. Five major sedimentary facies were identified related to the confinement of the deposits in a narrow valley that restricts the spreading of transported material. In the deepest parts of the avalanche deposit, a stratified facies attests that the movement was mainly non-turbulent, whereas a granular facies appears in the lateral and upper parts. The relative position of these facies within the natural dam has played an important role in the way the water flow eroded the dam crest and emptied the lake as suggested by the present valley slope morphology. Ledges corresponding to the levels of the different facies on north and south slopes of the valley correspond to steps in the narrowing of the incision. The outburst of the dam, if it occurred, only affected the upper part of the deposits that corresponds to the poorly cohesive granular facies. One hundred kilometres downstream, in Lake Konstanz (Bodensee) lacustrine sediments, the presence of two layers, contrasting with the normal grey varved deposits and separated by six laminites, are contemporaneous with the mass movement. These layers, which could correspond to the outburst of the dam, point to not one, but two major overflooding events.

Published
2004
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22. Dynamic disintegration processes accompanying transport of the Holocene Flims sturzstrom (Swiss Alps)

Author

Jean-Luc Schneider and N Pollet

Subjects
Shearing (physics), Landslide, Sturzstrom, Geophysics, Shear (geology), Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Bed, Facies, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Rock mass classification, Geomorphology, Shear band, Geology
Abstract

A sturzstrom is a large-scale landslide that evolves during transport into a rapid granular flow (rock avalanche) by a dynamic disintegration process. Numerous theoretical hypotheses have been proposed to explain the excessive mobility of these catastrophic mass movements, but the role of disintegration processes remains poorly understood. Exceptional outcrop conditions at the giant (12 km3) Flims sturzstrom (Swiss Alps) permit the analysis of disintegration processes that result from shearing during transport. In confined zones of the rock mass, shearing is concentrated along preferred surfaces (originating as bedding planes), which evolve into shear band layers. Differential velocities of slabs separated by these shear layers induce oblique fractures in the slabs by accommodation. Contacts between grains are maintained in the shear layers. In unconfined zones near the top and the lateral margins, shearing generates dilatancy. The rock mass is affected by anisotropic dispersion without mixing, and disintegrated material is preferentially produced to the top due to inflation. The rock slide then evolves to a granular flow. The consequence of these processes is the formation of two distinct depositional facies in the sturzstrom. The structured facies exhibits a stratified aspect close to the base, reflecting confined slab-on-slab shearing motion. Towards the top and distally, it evolves into a chaotic facies with some isolated pockets of the structured facies. Reduction of confining forces on the moving sturzstrom allows transformation of the structured facies into the chaotic facies. This characteristic transition, observable in many sturzstrom deposits, seems to be necessary for the rock avalanche process to occur, and offers insights into the long-runout characteristics of these catastrophic mass movements.

Published
2004
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23. Primary or secondary distal volcaniclastic turbidites: how to make the distinction? An example from the Miocene of New Zealand (Mahia Peninsula, North Island)

Author

Christophe Buret, Jean-Baptiste Rosseel, Frank Chanier, Anthony Le Ruyet, Jean-Luc Schneider, Jean-Noël Proust, Jacky Ferrière, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Volcanic arc, Stratigraphy, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Pyroclastic rock, Mineralogy, Geology, Pumice, Magma, Rhyolite, Phreatomagmatic eruption, Sedimentary rock, Forearc
Abstract

International audience; Miocene marine volcaniclastic deposits occur in Mahia Peninsula (North Island, New Zealand) and were sedimented in a forearc setting related to the Hikurangi trench subduction system. These deposits are interbedded with hemipelagic marls, and correspond to simple or amalgamated centimetric- to metric-thick turbiditic sequences. Volcaniclastic material is mainly composed of vitric particles, with crystals (quartz, plagioclase with minor biotite, amphibole, pyroxene and oxides), which are well represented in the coarse-grained fraction. The glass shards are mainly rhyolitic in composition. Three types of volcaniclastic turbidites were distinguished with geochemical data, because distinction is impossible on sedimentary characteristics. (1) Primary monomagmatic turbidites contain both magmatic (bubble wall pumice and shards) and phreatomagmatic (blocky shards with few vesicles and hydroclastically fragmented pyroclasts) vitric particles. The chemical compositions of the vitric particles and the crystals are very homogeneous suggesting a cogenetic origin. These turbidites directly result from unique eruptive events and are probably related to the entrance of hot subaerial pyroclastic flows into the sea, which also led to their transformation into subaqueous gravity flows. (2) Secondary monomagmatic turbidites never contain phreatomagmatic pyroclasts and the glass compositions display a trend from andesites to rhyolites. There is a strong linear correlation in the compositions that suggest that the glass particles are derived from the same magma. Crystals also show a compositional homogeneity. These deposits reflect the succession of several eruptions related to a unique magmatic system and result of the reworking of volcaniclastic material after relatively short storage on the shelf. (3) Secondary multimagmatic turbidites do not display compositional homogeneity of their vitric and mineral components. This implies that the volcaniclastic material has been stored during a relative long period on the shelf before remobilization, and that this sedimentation records the volcanic activity of multiple magmatic sources. Consequently, it has been possible to distinguish primary volcaniclastic turbidites that are directly related to the volcanic activity, from secondary turbidites that result from reworking of previously deposited material on the shelf. Monomagmatic turbidites can be used as stratigraphic and magmatic markers whereas multimagmatic cannot. Multimagmatic turbidites, however, record the evolution of the volcanic arc during longer periods. This leads to the conclusion that the Mahia Peninsula volcaniclastic turbidites distally record the evolution of the source volcanic arc.

Published
2001
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24. A candidate for the Last Interglacial record in northern Iceland: the Sydra formation. Stratigraphy and sedimentology

Author

Jean-Luc Schneider, Anne-Sophie Van Cauwenberge, Olivier Bourgeois, Olivier Dauteuil, and Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoë

Subjects
Paleontology, Eemian, Rift, Pleistocene, Earth science, Paleoclimatology, Interglacial, Deglaciation, Ocean Engineering, Rift zone, Quaternary, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology
Abstract

The Sydra Formation is a widespread interglacial complex in the North Volcanic Zone, Iceland, from the sector of the Askja volcano down to Oxarfjordur at the north coast. It probably corresponds to OIS 5e, 5d and 5c. Subsequently, the region was covered by the Weichselian ice cap. It is significant as well for the understanding of the OIS 6 deglaciation and its relations to volcanism as also for the erosional budget of the Saalian, warm based and Weichselian, cold based, glaciations. A topographic bulge linked with a rapid glacio-isostatic rebound, downstream of the Jokulsa a Fjolum river, is responsible for the development of the Sydra lacustrine deposits. An early abrupt event (Sy2), the Sydra ash probably corresponds to ash zone B as on the northern Iceland shelf and possibly an abrupt cooling. It presents no similarity with the Fossvogur formation in the Reykjavik district. The meaning of the formation is significant in term of rift activity and of palaeoclimate for OIS 5.

Published
2001
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25. La fabrique interne des dépôts du sturzstrom de Flims (Alpes suisses): caractéristiques et implications sur les mécanismes de transport

Author

Béatrice Ledésert, Patrick Wassmer, and Jean-Luc Schneider

Subjects
Breccia, Ocean Engineering, Slip (materials science), Sturzstrom, Fault block, Granular material, Geomorphology, Debris, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology, Internal friction
Abstract

The Flims sturzstrom deposit (Swiss Alps) is the largest in the Alps (12 km3, H/L = 0.13). It consists of stratified breccias that display planar discontinuities that originated during transport. Major sliding surfaces are underlined by frictional gouge. Between these surfaces, the material is fragmented with rotated fault blocks bordered by oblique fractures that show the transport directions. The transport mechanisms of the debris avalanche were dominated by layer-parallel slip movements that favoured the nonturbulent behaviour of the granular material and the reduction of internal friction.

Published
1999
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26. Transport and emplacement mechanisms of large volcanic debris avalanches: evidence from the northwest sector of Cantal Volcano (France)

Author

Jean-Luc Schneider and Richard V. Fisher

Subjects
Paleontology, Basement, Geophysics, Bedding, Geochemistry and Petrology, Clastic rock, Breccia, Stratovolcano, Cataclastic rock, Imbrication, Petrology, Debris, Geology
Abstract

Large volcanic debris avalanche (VDA) deposits of Miocene age occur within the stratigraphic sequence of Cantal stratovolcano (central France). The VDA of Cantal volcano were initiated by sector collapse of a cone of high elevation (up to 4500 m.a.s.l.). Two distinct superimposed VDA deposit units (Breccias I and II) resulted from at least two successive large-scale collapse events during the evolution of the volcanic complex. Breccia I, the oldest one, is very thick (up to 200 m) and heterolithologic. It is overlain by Breccia II, which is thinner (up to 50 m) and contains more heterometric clasts ranging from hectometer- to millimeter-size. The VDA deposits are poorly sorted. Clasts are angular and highly fractured at different scales, often with jigsaw fit. In Breccia II, jigsaw megaclasts have usually subspheric shapes with size decreasing distally. Basal deposits commonly display thin inversely graded layers, reorientated clasts along ramp structures, and cataclasis of the substratum. Some units have a distal fabric in the form of a poorly developed clast imbrication. The clasts are commonly sub-rounded thereby indicating abrasion during viscous flow. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (A.M.S.) measurements indicate absence of a preferentially oriented matrix fabric. Magnetic foliation parallel to the bedding suggests that the depositional process is dominated by particle settling. The magnetic fabric is better organized in distal deposits where magnetic carriers are imbricated. Moreover, the fragmented clasts and megaclasts are not abraded, rather inflation led to isotropic spherical dispersion of clastic material (=Isotropic Dispersive Inflation) which fed the interclast matrix. This is also confirmed by the lack of rotation at the individual crystal level. All these data strongly suggest transport of VDA by liquified non-turbulent granular flows. Distally, imbricated deposits suggest more turbulent flow. Emplacement of the VDA results from progressive upward aggradation of the particles by volume reduction and deflation loss. The non-turbulent liquified stage of the VDA disappears. The VDA behaves as a sliding rigid mass (plug flow) that exerts strong friction on the basement leading to gouge formation.

Published
1998
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27. Arborescent gymnosperms and the occurrence of Protopitys from the Lower Carboniferous of the Vosges, France

Author

Jean-Luc Schneider, Jean Galtier, and Léa Grauvogel-Stamm

Subjects
Paleontology, Taxon, biology, Progymnosperm, Viséan, Carboniferous, Vegetation, Arborescent, biology.organism_classification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology
Abstract

Permineralized trunks of five different gymnospermous taxa have been collected in the Lower Carboniferous (Visean) of the southern Vosges. Some specimens are comparable to species previously discovered in this area and may be attributed to the genera Pitus and Eristophyton known from localities in Scotland and Silesia. The fifth type corresponds to the progymnosperm Protopitys which is recorded for the first time in the Vosges. Present evidence suggests an important taxonomic diversification of the arborescent gymnospermous element of the Visean vegetation which was similar in contemporaneous volcanic environments in the Vosges and Scotland.

Published
1998
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28. Transition et stabilité politique d'un système redistributif

Author

Jean-Luc SCHNEIDER

Abstract

In a simple overlapping generation model, transitional effects play a crucial part in the way a democracy chooses its level of income redistribution. This may explain some apparent inconsistencies such as policy reversals, long lasting instability, or overstability of suboptimal systems. Stable tax systems are almost always suboptimal. We also find that a democracy may exhibit a bias toward redistributional extremism.

Published
1998

29. Du volcan au sédiment: la dynamique du talus volcanoclastique sous-marin de Gran Canaria, canaries (Atlantique oriental, Leg ODP 157)

Author

J. V. Firth, Richard W Howe, Guy Rothwell, Holger Lykke-Andersen, Jesús Baraza, Charlotte A. Brunner, James F. Bristow, Thomas Funck, Jean-Luc Schneider, Joanne Sblendorio-Levy, Steven Carey, Bernard Coakley, Ian Jarvis, Paul Wallace, Hidetsugu Taniguchi, Patrick Goldstrand, Rosanna Maniscalco, Bernhart Herr, Philip Pe Weaver, Mari Sumita, Sten Lindblom, Susana Martin Lebreiro, Penny Tu, Hans-Ulrich Schmincke, M. Gerard, M. Fuller, and Julie Hood

Subjects
Volcaniclastic turbidites, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Eastern Atlantic, Geochemistry, Lithostratigraphy, Pyroclastic rock, Gran Canaria, Ocean Engineering, Lapilli, Eastern Atlantic, Gran Canaria, Volcaniclastic apron, Volcaniclastic turbidites, Volcanostratigraphy, Conglomerate, Volcanic rock, Volcano, Clastic rock, Volcanostratigraphy, Volcaniclastic apron, Sedimentary rock, Geomorphology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology
Abstract

Four sites have been drilled in the submarine volcaniclastic apron of the volcanic island of Gran Canaria during the ODP Leg 157. The volcaniclastic submarine apron reflects the volcanological evolution of the island. The main volcanic phases are recorded in the sedimentation by an important contemporaneous clastic influx on the apron. However, periods of volcanic quiescence are characterized by very weak sedimentation rates. Consequently, it is possible to establish a volcanostratigraphy from the sedimentary record of the apron.

Published
1997
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30. Precise UPb chronometry of 345-340 Ma old magmatism related to syn-convergence extension in the Southern Vosges (Central Variscan Belt)

Author

Urs Schaltegger, Fernando Corfu, Jean-Luc Schneider, and Jean-Christophe Maurin

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geochemistry, Sedimentary basin, Volcanic rock, Geophysics, Basement (geology), Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Viséan, Magmatism, Rhyolite, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Late Devonian extinction, Geology, Zircon
Abstract

The Southern Vosges host a large volcano-sedimentary basin which contains clastic sediments of Famennian (Late Devonian; ca. 365 Ma) to Late Visean (ca. 340-335 Ma) age. The basin is bordered by an exhumed high-grade basement complex and intruded by several granitoid plutons. A chronology for basin evolution and magmatism was established dating volcanic rocks of the basin as well as cross-cutting granitoid rocks by the U Pb technique applied to zircon and titanite: The basin evolution started with olistolithic deposits and overlying marine shales that have a Famennian fauna (ca. 365 Ma) and contain detrital zircons with an age of 386 Ma. The lowermost rhyolite flows interlayered with the basin sediments and tholeiitic basalts yielded an age of 345 ± 2 Ma. Following a tectonic event at the bottom of the Upper Visean, the rates of sedimentation and volcanism were strongly enhanced, leading to basin emersion, and were concluded by the extrusion of the uppermost ignimbrite (Molkenrain rhyolite) emplaced at 340 ± 2 Ma. The whole volcano-sedimentary association was subsequently intruded by melts of the Ballons and Creˆtes granites as well as by small monzodioritic and dioritic satellite intrusions along the border of the Ballons granite within 3 ± 2 myr (342 ± 1 to 339.5 ± 2.5 Ma). The zircons of most of the volcanic and plutonic rocks investigated contain inherited lead of 0.6 and 2.1 Ga age. The differences in initial Nd isotopic composition of the Ballons and Creˆtes granites can be explained by differential uptake of crustal material during magma genesis. The precise age data prove that magmatism and basin formation in the Southern Vosges were extremely short-lived and coeval to the exhumation of adjacent high-grade gneiss terrains, revealing an episode of extension at the end of the Lower Carboniferous between 345 and 340 Ma (Visean). The tectonic regime in the internal part of the Variscan orogen is that of extension and strike-slip, while convergent tectonics were still ongoing in the external part of the Variscan orogen.

Published
1996
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31. High-resolution analysis of a tsunami deposit: case-study from the 1755 Lisbon tsunami in southwestern Spain

Author

Stéphanie Cuven, Raphael Paris, Simon Falvard, Elisabeth Miot-Noirault, Mhammed Benbakkar, Jean-Luc Schneider, Isabelle Billy, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imagerie Moléculaire et Thérapie Vectorisée (IMTV), ITMO ' Technologies pour la Santé '-Cancéropôle CLARA-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Cancéropôle CLARA-ITMO ' Technologies pour la Santé ', and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)

Subjects
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2013

35. Impacts morpho-sédimentaires des jökulhlaups fini-pléistocènes et holocènes du système fluviatile Þjórsá-Tungnaá (Sud-Islande)

Author

Jean-Luc Schneider, Brigitte van Vliet-Lanoë, Benjamin LANS, Naaim, Mohamed M., Tristan Salles, Sébastien Zaragosi, Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aménagement, Développement, Environnement, Santé et Sociétés (ADES), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), CSIRO Earth Science and Resource Engineering (CSIRO ESRE), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Bordeaux Montaigne

Subjects
[SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2011

36. Volcaniclastic Processes and Deposits in the Deep-Sea

Author

Jean-Luc Schneider and Steven Carey

Subjects
Sedimentary depositional environment, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Volcano, Subduction, Earth science, Geochemistry, Pyroclastic rock, Sedimentary rock, Deep sea, Deposition (geology), Geology
Abstract

Volcanic activity at ocean-spreading centers, large oceanic islands, and especially subduction zones, leads to several types of eruptive and non-eruptive processes that generate large volumes of volcaniclastic sediments, and results in the deposition of fragmental material in the deep-sea. Volcaniclastic material forms an important part of sedimentary successions, particularly along active margins of both cordilleran and islandarc environments, and around large volcanic oceanic islands. This chapter presents an overview of the large diversity of volcaniclastic processes and deposits that can be recognized in deep-marine environments (i.e. beyond the shelf/slope break). The various aspects of their origin, recognition, and interpretation will be emphasized from the individual depositional interval to the volcaniclastic apron scale.

Published
2011
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37. Highstand vs. lowstand turbidite system growth in the Makran active margin: Imprints of high-frequency external controls on sediment delivery mechanisms to deep water systems

Author

Thierry Garlan, Valentine Lanfumey, P. Rouillard, Sébastien Zaragosi, Jean-Luc Schneider, Maarten A. Prins, Julien Bourget, Jacques Giraudeau, S. Ellouz-Zimmermann, Emmanuelle Ducassou, and Marine Biogeology

Subjects
geography, Turbidity current, geography.geographical_feature_category, Continental shelf, Fluvial, Sediment, Geology, Structural basin, Oceanography, SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities, Turbidite, Sedimentary depositional environment, Paleontology, Geochemistry and Petrology, Sedimentary rock, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Geomorphology
Abstract

Late Quaternary turbidite system growth along the Makran convergent margin is investigated through a set of deep-sea cores from upper slope and piggy-back basins to deep basin plain settings. High-resolution stratigraphy in these various depositional environments permits reconstruction of the evolution of sand-to-mud ratio, sedimentation rates, frequencies, and thickness of turbidite deposits during the last 25. ka BP. This study demonstrates how tectonics, climate and eustasy can interplay at high resolution (300. m thick along the continental slope) originated from successive, multiple slide or slump-induced surges. Their related deposits have low recurrence intervals, close to those calculated from the large magnitude earthquake and tsunami record in the Makran area.Comparison with the Nile and Indus turbidite systems growth during the Late Quaternary provides an evaluation of the relative importance of shared forcing parameters (i.e. monsoon-induced phases of arid/humid conditions and post-glacial sea-level rise), in significantly different basin settings. The Indus fan appears mainly controlled by eustasy during the last 25. ka. Inversely, similarities are found between the Nile and Makran turbidite systems, where sea-level changes are modulated by the climate impact on fluvial dynamics in the hinterland. However, the Makran turbidite system growth is continuous through times, because both the uplift in the coastal area and the fluvial dynamics of short, mountainous river systems allow high sediment transfer rates to the marine basin, even though arid conditions and associated low water fluxes. Earthquake-induced highstand turbidite deposits form a thick sedimentary succession in the Oman abyssal plain, and are significant in the geologic record. This study finally illustrates how the complex interplay between external (allogenic) forcings can complicate the interpretation of high-resolution sedimentary successions in turbidite-filled basins. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2010
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38. Deep sea in situ excess pore pressure and sediment deformation off NW Sumatra and its relation with the December 26, 2004 Great Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake

Author

Jean-Luc Schneider, Antonio Cattaneo, Jean-Claude Sibuet, and Nabil Sultan

Subjects
Earthquake, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Subduction, Tsunami, Piezometer, Sediment, Sumatra, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Deep sea, Pore pressure, Pore water pressure, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Sedimentary rock, 14. Life underwater, Slope failure, Structural geology, Geomorphology, Geology, Aftershock, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The swath bathymetric data acquired during the “Sumatra Aftershocks” cruise from the Sunda trench in the Indian Ocean to the north of the Sumatra Island imaged several scars and deposits. In situ pore pressure measurements using the Ifremer piezometer and coring demonstrate that high excess pore pressure and sediment deformation was generated by a recent event in the scar of the slope failure zone identified by J.T. Henstock and co-authors. This excess pore pressure is localized in the upper sedimentary layers and is not related to an interplate subduction process. Numerical simulations of the hydrological system that take into account the hydro-mechanical properties of the upper sediment layer show that the excess pore pressure and sediment deformations could be generated at the time of the December 26, 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake.

Published
2009

39. Discovery of a giant deep-sea valley in the Indian Ocean, off eastern Africa: The Tanzania channel

Author

Nadine Ellouz-Zimmermann, P. Guyomard, I. Gabelotaud, Thierry Garlan, Julien Bourget, Bernard Dennielou, Sébastien Zaragosi, and Jean-Luc Schneider

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, East African margin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Deep sea, Geochemistry and Petrology, Drainage system (geomorphology), East African Rift, Tributary, Bathymetry, 14. Life underwater, Indian Ocean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Turbidite system, Canyon, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geology, East African Rift System, Tectonics, 13. Climate action, Submarine channel, Submarine pipeline
Abstract

During the Fanindien 2006 cruise of R/V 'Beautemps-Beaupre', high resolution multibeam bathymetry, sub-bottom profiling and sediment coring was carried out along the East African margin, offshore Tanzania and Mozambique (Indian Ocean). The newly acquired data reveal the presence of a giant deep-sea valley (the Tanzania channel) that is more than 10 km wide at 4000 m water depth, along the continental rise. The valley remains similar to 70 m deep and 7 km wide at 800 km from the Tanzania coast. Morphological comparison with worldwide submarine channels show that the Tanzania channel is one of the largest known submarine valleys. This discovery brings new light on development of submarine valleys that drain sediments originated from the East African Rift System (EARS) highlands (i.e. the Tanzania channel and its neighbor Zambezi channel located similar to 1000 km southward). Both of the systems have a morphology markedly different to the classical sinuous, V-shaped channels located at similar latitudes (e.g. the Zaire or Amazon channels). Their submarine drainage system consists of a downslope converging tributary canyons joining a central trunk channel in the continental rise. The presence of such giant deep-sea drainage systems is probably linked to a strong structural control on the sediment pathway, associated to a massive sediment transfer towards the Indian Ocean in relation with the tectonic activity of the East African Rift System (i.e. the uplift periods trough mid-Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene times) and its interplay with the East African equatorial climate changes.

Published
2008

40. 26th December 2004 great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake: Co-seismic and post-seismic motions in northern Sumatra

Author

Satish C. Singh, Tanguy Maury, Jean-Claude Sibuet, Claude Rangin, Frauke Klingelhoefer, Jing Yi Lin, David Graindorge, Marie Umber, Xavier Le Pichon, Haruka Yamaguchi, Jean-Luc Schneider, J. Malod, Nabil Sultan, Antonio Cattaneo, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Chaire Géodynamique, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Research on Earth Evolution [Yokosuka] (IFREE), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège de France - Chaire Géodynamique, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Slip (materials science), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Nappe, Geochemistry and Petrology, Interplate earthquake, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Thrust fault, Aftershock, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, co-seismic rupture, Active thrust faults, Fracture zone, Strike-slip tectonics, aftershocks, Aftershocks, Geophysics, 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, active thrust faults, Co seismic rupture, Space and Planetary Science, Trench, Geology, Seismology, 2004 Sumatra Andaman earthquake
Abstract

International audience; Trench-parallel thrust faults verging both landward and seaward were mapped in the portion of wedge located between northern Sumatra and the Indian-Indonesian boundary. The spatial aftershocks distribution of the 26th December 2004 earthquake shows that the post-seismic motion is partitioned along two thrust faults, the Lower and Median Thrust Faults, the latter being right-laterally offset by a N-S lower plate fracture zone located along the 93.6° N meridian. Between February 2005 and August 2005, the upper plate aftershock activity shifted from southeast of this fracture zone to northwest of it, suggesting that the lower plate left-lateral motion along the fracture zone may have induced a shift of the upper plate post-seismic activity along the Median Thrust Fault. Based on swath bathymetric and 3.5 kHz data, co-seismic deformations were weak close to the trench. Joint seismic-geodetic determination of slip distribution and time arrivals and heights of tsunami waves suggest that the co-seismic slip was maximum along a portion of the Upper Thrust Fault located north of the Tuba Ridge, suggesting that the Upper Thrust Fault might be a splay fault originated at the interplate fault plane. As the Upper Thrust Fault is steeper than the slab, the vertical motion of the adjacent Outer Arc and overlying water is much larger compared to the one resulting from slip on the megathrust alone, increasing tsunamogenic effects.

Published
2007
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41. Late Quaternary co-seismic sedimentation in the Sea of Marmara's deep basins

Author

Michel Cremer, Kadir Eris, Laurent D Labeyrie, Anne Gervais, Bernard Mercier de Lépinay, Olivier Weber, Y. Gallet, Namik Çağatay, Sabine Schmidt, Rolando Armijo, Guillemette Ménot, Marmacore Cruise Party, Marc-André Gutscher, A. De Resseguier, Naci Görür, A. Jaouen, Christian Beck, Jean-Louis Turon, Marie-Hélène Castéra, Hélène Bouquerel, Jean-Luc Schneider, Sébastien Boutareaud, Evrard Wendenbaum, N. Pondard, Laurent Londeix, Bertrand Meyer, Elsa Cortijo, Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Chaines Alpines (LGCA), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITU (GEOLOGY AND MINING DEPARTMENT), Istanbul Technical University (ITÜ), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istanbul Technical University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
homogenites, Sea of Marmara, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geochemistry, North Anatolian Fault, Mass wasting, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, [SDE.MCG.CG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes/domain_sde.mcg.cg, Geomorphology, earthquakes, Holocene, cores, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Terrigenous sediment, high resolution seismic, Geology, Late Quaternary, 13. Climate action, Siliciclastic, Sedimentary rock, Quaternary, turbidites
Abstract

25 pages, 15 figures, 1 tableau; International audience; The deep, northern, part of the Sea of Marmara (northwestern Turkey) is composed of several aligned, actively subsiding, basins, which are the direct structural and morphological expression of the North Anatolian Fault's northern branch. The last 20 kyr of their sedimentary fill (lacustrine before 12 kyr BP) have been investigated through giant piston coring onboard R/V MARION-DUFRESNE (MARMACORE Cruise, 2001) and chirp subbottom profiler onboard R/V ATALANTE during MARMARASCARPS Cruise (2002). Especially during the lacustrine stage, the infilling of the deep basins (Tekirda?, Central, Kumburgaz, and Çinarcic Basins; up to 1250 m depth) was dominated by turbidites (with coarse mixed siliciclastic and bioclastic basal part), intercalated in “hemipelagic-type” finegrained calcareous and slightly siliceous clays. Often – especially in the thickest ones – the turbidites show strong segregation and a sharp boundary between coarse part and suspendedload part. In the Central Basin, 8 m of a unique sedimentary event include a 5 to 8m-thick “homogenite” well imaged on seismic profiles. The latter is interpreted as related to a major – possibly triggered - tsunami effect, as described in the Eastern Mediterranean by Kastens and Cita (1981). In the marine (Holocene) upper part of the sedimentary fill, repeated to-and-from structures, affecting silt or fine sand, are evidencing seiche-like effects and, thus, earthquake triggering. Detailed correlations between two deep coring sites (1250 and 1200 m) indicate more than 100 % overthickening in the deepest one; this implies specific processes of distribution of terrigenous input by dense hyperpycnal currents (high kinetic energy, seiche effect, complex reflections on steep slopes). The peculiar sedimentary infilling of the Sea of Marmara's Central Basin (and, by extrapolation, of the whole set) is tentatively interpreted as a direct consequence of the strong seismic activity; the imprint of the latter is more obvious prior to the base of the Holocene, as environmental conditions favoured marginal accumulation (especially on the southern shelf) of large amounts of erosion products available for mass wasting.

Published
2007
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42. Transition and Stability of Redistribution Policies

Author

Jean-Luc Schneider

Subjects
Mixed systems, Redistribution (election), Status quo, media_common.quotation_subject, Voting, Economics, Voting behavior, Capitalism, Neoclassical economics, Human capital, Social choice theory, media_common
Abstract

The chapter presents a simple theoretical model of a society subject to choice, expressed through voting, on a potential move away from the status quo. This move is interpreted in term of choice between (more of) capitalism and (more of) socialism, expressed through parameters corresponding to degree of equality/redistribution and economic effectiveness. Seemingly paradoxical voting behavior patterns, bearing a striking resemblance to some of the actually observed ones, are thereby explained.

Published
2007
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43. The Agaete tsunami deposits (Gran Canaria): evidence of tsunamis related to flank collapses in the Canary Islands

Author

Francisco José Pérez Torrado, Raphael Paris, Maria del Carmen Cabrera, Jean Luc Schneider, Patrick Wassmer, Juan Carlos Carracedo, Rodriguez Santana, A., Santana, F., Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2006

44. Tsunami Deposits Related to Flank Collapse in Oceanic Volcanoes: The Agaete Valley Evidence, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands

Author

Juan Carlos Carracedo, María del Carmen Cabrera, Patrick Wassmer, Francisco-Jose Perez-Torrado, Raphaël Paris, Francisco Guerra Santana, Jean-Luc Schneider, Ángel Rodríguez-Santana, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratorio de Dinamica de Populaçoes manihas (DIMAR), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, CICYT (España), Gobierno de Canarias, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pleistocene, Outcrop, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Flank failure, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Quaternary, Paleontology, Geochemistry and Petrology, 14. Life underwater, Rip-up clasts, Geomorphology, Sea level, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tsunami deposits, Geology, Roundness (geology), Clastic rock, Interglacial, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

15 pages, 9 figures.-- Printed version published Mar 15, 2006., Enigmatic marine conglomerates are attached at 41–188 m asl to the walls of the valley of Agaete, on the northwest coast of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). They are formed by heterogeneous, angular to rounded heterometric volcanic clasts (roundness and maximal size decreasing with altitude), and fossils (rhodolites and marine shells), never found in growth position and often broken. The deposits are internally stratified into several layers, most of them showing very poor sorting, matrix-supported and reverse grading. They present lenticular morphologies with poor lateral continuity in transversal and longitudinal sections. Slopes show values and orientations similar to those of the relief of the substratum to which they seem to adapt. Although they show clear evidence of erosive contact with the substratum (rip up clasts), they do not tend to form horizontal terraces. Soft materials (soils and colluviums) are preserved in the contact with the substratum in outcrops with deposit slopes of up to 15°. The age of the deposits is constrained between 1.75 Ma and 32 ka. Their altitude and slope distributions are not related to Pleistocene interglacial sea level changes, storm deposits or isostatic movements. All the above suggests that the Agaete marine deposits were generated by tsunami waves, the most probable source being a flank failure, at least nine major such events having occurred in the Canary Islands during the Pleistocene. The Güímar sector collapse (east coast of Tenerife,< 0.83 Ma, > 30 km3) is the closest possible source for the tsunami and the sole flank failure that is directed towards another island in the Canaries., This work is a part of CICYT (PB96-0243) and Canary Island Government (PI2002/148) projects, as well as a Picasso (French–Spanish research collaboration) HF2001-0037 project.

Published
2006
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45. Deglaciation and volcano-seismic activity in Northern Iceland: Holocene and early Eemian

Author

J.C. Embry, Hervé Guillou, Olivier Dauteuil, Olivier Bourgeois, B. Van Vliet-Lanoë, Jean-Luc Schneider, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Processus et bilan des domaines sédimentaires (PBDS), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre Armoricain de Recherches en Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléobiodiversité et paléoenvironnements, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre Armoricain de Recherches en Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
eemian, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, seismites, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, deglaciation, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Deglaciation, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Tephra, Geomorphology, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, geography, Eemian, volcanism, geography.geographical_feature_category, Rift, Jökulhlaup, tephra, Geophysics, Volcano, Interglacial, NE Iceland, Surfaces continentales, Geology
Abstract

The North Volcanic Zone of Iceland was unglaciated during most interglacials. Subsequently, the region was covered by the Weichselian ice cap. A widespread interglacial complex, the Syđra Formation, has been mapped in this zone. It covers probably O.I.S.5e, 5d and 5c. Its formation and preservation are discussed in terms of rift and volcanism activity, in interrelations with the former deglaciation. A topographic bulge, presumed of glacio-isostatic origin, limited the downstream drainage of the Jokulsa a Fjolum river enabling the interglacial sedimentation and the excavation of one of the canyons of Dettifoss. Effusive volcanic activity in the rift is important prior to the Syđra 4 unit in association with an early abrupt event (SY2: Syđra ash), related to a phreato-magmatic eruption at the eastern hyaloclastite ridge or from the Askja volcano and to jokulhlaup events. It corresponds probably to ash Zone B as defined by Sejrup et al., (1989) on the Northern Iceland shelf. The previous activity of hyalocla...

Published
2005
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46. Tsunami-induced conglomerates and debris flow deposits on the western coast of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands)

Author

Raphael Paris, Francisco José Pérez Torrado, Maria del Carmen Cabrera, Jean Luc Schneider, Patrick Wassmer, Juan Carlos Carracedo, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2005

47. A slab-on-slab model for the Flims rockslide (Swiss Alps)

Author

Roger Cojean, Patrick Wassmer, Alexander L. Strom, Claire Voirin, Réjean Couture, Jean-Luc Schneider, Nicolas Pollet, Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cojean, Roger, and Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Landslide, Rockslide, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, 01 natural sciences, Slab, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geotechnical engineering, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The Flims rockslide is the largest landslide in the Alps, with an estimated volume of 12 km3. It resulted from a prehistoric high-speed movement of a large limestone mass. Several main factors influenced the mobility of the Flims rockslide: (i) the steep slopes of the Rhine River valley that blocked the spreading of the rock debris out of the limits of Rabiusa and Carreratobel tributary valleys; (ii) the resisting forces taking place at the base of the rockslide by friction and substratum obstacles; and (iii) the rock mass evolving to a granular state, as observed in the deposits, in which coherence of the original rock massif has been preserved. We expect that most of the energy was consumed by impacting on the opposite slope, forcing the rock mass to stop. Lateral parts and some portions of debris, which entered valleys of the right tributaries of the Rhine River, created tongues by rock avalanche motion, indicating transport velocity. These rock masses eroded the valley fill to create a large mixed mass at the toe of the rockslide deposits. Thus, the Flims rock slope movement can be classified as a rockslide to its middle section and as rock avalanches at its lateral margins. A slab-on-slab model is proposed to characterize transformation of the rock mass during transport, with different stages of motion. Beginning as a rockslide, a delaminating process took place to produce a multislab shearing motion. Shearing and fracturing create dilatancy of the sliding rock debris, with spreading constrained by topographic effects. Dynamic disintegration processes explain the production of fine particles and are at the origin of the granular state of the deposits. Lateral sections of the debris mass continued to flow in the absence of topographic constraints.Key words: rockslide, rock avalanche, Flims, disintegration, topographic control.

Published
2005

48. Signature of Rhine Valley Sturzstrom Dam Failures in Holocene Sediments of Lake Constance, Germany

Author

Patrick Wassmer, Nicolas Pollet, Martin Wessels, Emmanuel Chapron, Jean-Luc Schneider, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Développement et évolution (DE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, Geochemistry, Geology, Sturzstrom, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Sedimentary structures, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 13. Climate action, Clastic rock, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Lacustrine deposits, Glacial period, Sedimentology, Geomorphology, Holocene, Holocene sediments, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Landslide-dammed lakes that form upstream of large-scale rockslide-avalanches (=sturzstroms) present an enormous potential hazard to downstream areas. Such failures are recorded in the Early Holocene sediments of Upper Lake Constance (Germany) by the presence of two clastic layers that were emplaced around 9400 cal. YBP. The sedimentology of these layers contrasts sharply with the typical Late Glacial and Holocene lacustrine sediments present beneath the floor of the lake. Sedimentary structures and the magnetic fabric of these clastic deposits strongly suggest that they were emplaced by hyperpycnal underflows related to catastrophic floods that entered the lake from the Rhine River. From stratigraphic and geologic data, it is inferred that the hyperpycnite deposits are directly related to the failure of two sturzstrom dams and the draining of the dammed lakes that developed upstream from them. These lakes were dammed by the Flims and the Tamins sturzstrom deposits, respectively. Sedimentologic data from Lake Constance indicate that the two successive events occurred within a very short time interval, probably not exceeding several years. Consequently, these lacustrine deposits provide essential information about the morphogenic evolution of the Rhine River valley during the Early Holocene and about the sturzstrom events that occurred during the same time interval.

Published
2004
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49. Massive flank failures and tsunamis in the Canary Islands: past, present, future

Author

Raphael Paris, Francisco José Pérez Torrado, Juan Carlos Carracedo, Jean-Luc Schneider, Patrick Wassmer, Maria del Carmen Cabrera, Hervé Guillou, Domingo Gimeno, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Estacion Volcanologica de Canarias IPNA-CSIC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Paris, Raphael

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2003

50. Mesurer l'influence de la fiscalité sur la localisation des entreprises

Author

Michel Houdebine and Jean-Luc Schneider

Subjects
Business and International Management, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Abstract

Measuring the Influence of Taxation on Business Location Choices by Michel Houdebine and Jean-Luc Schneider The paper attempts to model business location choices and the choice of tax rates by local authorities. Methods for estimating the sensitivity of business location choices to taxation are derived and then applied to the 36,000 local business tax rates observed in French communes and the actual location of businesses. The various estimators of sensitivity to taxation derived all provide the same relatively small order of magnitude. The results may be used to assess the cost effectiveness of local tax incentives., Mesurer l'influence de la fiscalité sur la localisation des entreprises par Michel Houdebine et Jean-Luc Schneider On cherche à modéliser les choix de localisation des entreprises et la fixation des taux des impôts locaux, et à en déduire des méthodes pour estimer la sensibilité de la localisation des entreprises à la fiscalité. Ces méthodes sont ensuite appliquées aux 36 000 taux de taxe professionnelle observés dans les communes françaises et à la localisation effective des entreprises, pour en déduire différents estimateurs de la sensibilité à la fiscalité. Dans tous les cas, leur ordre de grandeur apparaît relativement faible. Ces résultats peuvent être utilisés pour juger du coût et de l'efficacité d'incitations fiscales locales., Houdebine Michel, Schneider Jean-Luc. Mesurer l'influence de la fiscalité sur la localisation des entreprises. In: Économie & prévision, n°131, 1997-5. pp. 47-64.

Published
1997

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