Search

Your search keyword '"Jean-Michel, Gaillard"' showing total 541 results
Start Over Author "Jean-Michel, Gaillard"
541 results on '"Jean-Michel, Gaillard"'

3. Temporal dynamics of antibody level against Lyme disease bacteria in roe deer: Tale of a sentinel?

Author

Valentin Ollivier, Rémi Choquet, Amandine Gamble, Matthieu Bastien, Benoit Combes, Emmanuelle Gilot‐Fromont, Maryline Pellerin, Jean‐Michel Gaillard, Jean‐François Lemaître, Hélène Verheyden, and Thierry Boulinier

Subjects
Borrelia burdorgferi sensu lato, Capreolus capreolus, capture–mark–recapture, disease ecology, Ixodes ricinus, serology, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Changes in the risk of exposure to infectious disease agents can be tracked through variations in antibody prevalence in vertebrate host populations. However, information on the temporal dynamics of the immune status of individuals is critical. If antibody levels persist a long time after exposure to an infectious agent, they could enable the efficient detection of the past circulation of the agent; if they persist only a short time, they could provide snap shots of recent exposure of sampled hosts. Here, we explored the temporal dynamics of seropositivity against Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) in individuals of a widespread medium‐sized mammal species, the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), in France. Using a modified commercially available immunoassay we tested 1554 blood samples obtained in two wild deer populations monitored from 2010 to 2020. Using multi‐event capture‐mark‐recapture models, we estimated yearly population‐, age‐, and sex‐specific rates of seroconversion and seroreversion after accounting for imperfect detection. The yearly seroconversion rates indicated a higher level of exposure in early (2010–2013) than in late years (2014–2019) to infected tick bites in both populations, without any detectable influence of sex or age. The relatively high rates of seroreversion indicated a short‐term persistence of antibody levels against Bbsl in roe deer. This was confirmed by the analysis of samples collected on a set of captive individuals that were resampled several times a few weeks apart. Our findings show the potential usefulness of deer as a sentinel for tracking the risk of exposure to Lyme disease Bbsl, although further investigation on the details of the antibody response to Bbsl in this incompetent host would be useful. Our study also highlights the value of combining long‐term capture‐mark‐recapture sampling and short‐time analyses of serological data for wildlife populations exposed to infectious agents of relevance to wildlife epidemiology and human health.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Natal environmental conditions modulate senescence of antler length in roe deer

Author

Solène Cambreling, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Maryline Pellerin, Cécile Vanpé, François Débias, Daniel Delorme, Rébecca Garcia, A. J. Mark Hewison, and Jean-François Lemaître

Subjects
Capreolus capreolus, reproductive ageing, secondary sexual traits, sexual selection, weapon, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

It is now broadly admitted that female reproductive senescence – a decline in reproductive performance with increasing age – occurs in most species, at least among birds and mammals. Although information is more limited, male reproductive senescence has been regularly inferred from the decline in the size or performance of phenotypic traits that underly male reproductive success, particularly secondary sexual traits. However, the degree to which environmental conditions influence the pattern of senescence in sexual traits remains largely unknown. From the analysis of two long-term studies of populations of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) subjected to markedly different environmental contexts in the wild, we tested the hypothesis that harsh natal and/or current conditions should lead to earlier and/or stronger rates of senescence in the length of fully-grown antlers than good natal and/or current conditions. We found evidence of similar patterns of antler length senescence in both populations, with an onset of senescence around 7 years of age and a decrease of length by about 1–1.5 cm per additional year of life from 7 years of age onwards. We found that good early-life conditions delay senescence in antler length in roe deer. Our results also revealed that senescent males seem to be unable to allocate substantially to antler growth, confirming that antler size is, therefore, an honest signal of male individual quality. By modulating age-specific allocation to secondary sexual traits, natal and current conditions could influence female mate choice and male–male competition over mates, and as a result age-specific reproductive success, and should be accounted for when studying the dynamics of sexual selection.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. How much energetic trade‐offs limit selection? Insights from livestock and related laboratory model species

Author

Frédéric Douhard, Mathieu Douhard, Hélène Gilbert, Philippe Monget, Jean‐Michel Gaillard, and Jean‐François Lemaître

Subjects
livestock breeding, metabolic rate, pleiotropy, senescence, trade‐offs, Evolution, QH359-425
Abstract

Abstract Trade‐offs between life history traits are expected to occur due to the limited amount of resources that organisms can obtain and share among biological functions, but are of least concern for selection responses in nutrient‐rich or benign environments. In domestic animals, selection limits have not yet been reached despite strong selection for higher meat, milk or egg yields. Yet, negative genetic correlations between productivity traits and health or fertility traits have often been reported, supporting the view that trade‐offs do occur in the context of nonlimiting resources. The importance of allocation mechanisms in limiting genetic changes can thus be questioned when animals are mostly constrained by their time to acquire and process energy rather than by feed availability. Selection for high productivity traits early in life should promote a fast metabolism with less energy allocated to self‐maintenance (contributing to soma preservation and repair). Consequently, the capacity to breed shortly after an intensive period of production or to remain healthy should be compromised. We assessed those predictions in mammalian and avian livestock and related laboratory model species. First, we surveyed studies that compared energy allocation to maintenance between breeds or lines of contrasting productivity but found little support for the occurrence of an energy allocation trade‐off. Second, selection experiments for lower feed intake per unit of product (i.e. higher feed efficiency) generally resulted in reduced allocation to maintenance, but this did not entail fitness costs in terms of survival or future reproduction. These findings indicate that the consequences of a particular selection in domestic animals are much more difficult to predict than one could anticipate from the energy allocation framework alone. Future developments to predict the contribution of time constraints and trade‐offs to selection limits will be insightful to breed livestock in increasingly challenging environments.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Many lifetime growth trajectories for a single mammal

Author

Lara Veylit, Bernt‐Erik Sæther, Jean‐Michel Gaillard, Eric Baubet, and Marlène Gamelon

Subjects
body growth, development, Gompertz, logistic, monomolecular, Sus scrofa, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Despite their importance in shaping life history tactics and population dynamics, individual growth trajectories have only been rarely explored in the wild because their analysis requires multiple measurements of individuals throughout their lifetime and some knowledge of age, a key timer of body growth. The availability of long‐term longitudinal studies of two wild boar populations subjected to contrasting environments (rich vs. poor) provided an opportunity to analyze individual growth trajectories. We quantified wild boar growth trajectories at both the population and the individual levels using standard growth models (i.e., Gompertz, logistic, and monomolecular models) that encompass the expected range of growth shapes in determinate growers. Wild boar is a rather altricial species, with a polygynous mating system and is strongly sexually dimorphic in size. According to current theories of life history evolution, we thus expect wild boar to display a sex‐specific Gompertz type growth trajectory and lower sexual size dimorphism in the poorer environment. While wild boar displayed the expected Gompertz type trajectory in the rich site at the population level, we found some evidence for potential differences in growth shapes between populations and individuals. Asymptotic body mass, growth rate and timing of maximum growth rate differed as well, which indicates a high flexibility of growth in wild boar. We also found a cohort effect on asymptotic body mass, which suggests that environmental conditions early in life shape body mass at adulthood in this species. Our findings demonstrate that body growth trajectories in wild boar are highly diverse in relation to differences of environmental context, sex and year of birth. Whether the intermediate ranking of wild boar along the precocial–altricial continuum of development at birth may explain the ability of this species to exhibit this high diversity of growth patterns remains to be investigated.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Competition for safe real estate, not food, drives density‐dependent juvenile survival in a large herbivore

Author

Mark A. Hurley, Mark Hebblewhite, and Jean‐Michel Gaillard

Subjects
habitat selection, ideal despotic distribution, ideal free distribution, predation risk, predator removal experiment, ungulate, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Density‐dependent competition for food reduces vital rates, with juvenile survival often the first to decline. A clear prediction of food‐based, density‐dependent competition for large herbivores is decreasing juvenile survival with increasing density. However, competition for enemy‐free space could also be a significant mechanism for density dependence in territorial species. How juvenile survival is predicted to change across density depends critically on the nature of predator–prey dynamics and spatial overlap among predator and prey, especially in multiple‐predator systems. Here, we used a management experiment that reduced densities of a generalist predator, coyotes, and specialist predator, mountain lions, over a 5‐year period to test for spatial density dependence mediated by predation on juvenile mule deer in Idaho, USA. We tested the spatial density‐dependence hypothesis by tracking the fate of 251 juvenile mule deer, estimating cause‐specific mortality, and testing responses to changes in deer density and predator abundance. Overall juvenile mortality did not increase with deer density, but generalist coyote‐caused mortality did, but not when coyote density was reduced experimentally. Mountain lion‐caused mortality did not change with deer density in the reference area in contradiction of the food‐based competition hypothesis, but declined in the treatment area, opposite to the pattern of coyotes. These observations clearly reject the food‐based density‐dependence hypothesis for juvenile mule deer. Instead, our results provide support for the spatial density‐dependence hypothesis that competition for enemy‐free space increases predation by generalist predators on juvenile large herbivores.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Variation in the ontogenetic allometry of horn length in bovids along a body mass continuum

Author

Morgane Tidière, Jean‐Michel Gaillard, Mathieu Garel, Jean‐François Lemaître, Carole Toïgo, and Christophe Pélabon

Subjects
comparative analysis, development, ornament, sexual selection, ungulates, weapons, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Allometric relationships describe the proportional covariation between morphological, physiological, or life‐history traits and the size of the organisms. Evolutionary allometries estimated among species are expected to result from species differences in ontogenetic allometry, but it remains uncertain whether ontogenetic allometric parameters and particularly the ontogenetic slope can evolve. In bovids, the nonlinear evolutionary allometry between horn length and body mass in males suggests systematic changes in ontogenetic allometry with increasing species body mass. To test this hypothesis, we estimated ontogenetic allometry between horn length and body mass in males and females of 19 bovid species ranging from ca. 5 to 700 kg. Ontogenetic allometry changed systematically with species body mass from steep ontogenetic allometries over a short period of horn growth in small species to shallow allometry with the growth period of horns matching the period of body mass increase in the largest species. Intermediate species displayed steep allometry over long period of horn growth. Females tended to display shallower ontogenetic allometry with longer horn growth compared to males, but these differences were weak and highly variable. These findings show that ontogenetic allometric slope evolved across species possibly as a response to size‐related changes in the selection pressures acting on horn length and body mass.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Editorial: Advances in Ungulate Ecology

Author

R. Terry Bowyer, Vernon C. Bleich, Paul R. Krausman, and Jean-Michel Gaillard

Subjects
population ecology, behavioral ecology, nutritional ecology, conservation, life-histories, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. A Systematic Review of Within-Population Variation in the Size of Home Range Across Ungulates: What Do We Know After 50 Years of Telemetry Studies?

Author

Juliette Seigle-Ferrand, Kamal Atmeh, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Victor Ronget, Nicolas Morellet, Mathieu Garel, Anne Loison, and Glenn Yannic

Subjects
ungulate, diet, complementary resource, landscape structure, life history trait, landscape heterogeneity, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Studying the factors determining the sizes of home ranges, based on body mass, feeding style, and sociality level, is a long-standing goal at the intersection of ecology and evolution. Yet, how species-specific life history traits interact with different components of the landscape to shape differences in individual home ranges at within-population level has received much less attention. Here, we review the empirical literature on ungulates to map our knowledge of the relative effects of the key environmental drivers (resource availability, landscape heterogeneity, lethal and non-lethal risks) on the sizes of individual home ranges within a population and assess whether species' characteristics (body mass, diet, and social structure), account for observed variation in the responses of the sizes of individual home ranges to local environmental drivers. Estimating the sizes of home ranges and measuring environmental variables raise a number of methodological issues, which complicate the comparison of empirical studies. Still, from an ecological point of view, we showed that (1) a majority of papers (75%) supported the habitat productivity hypothesis, (2) the support for the influence of landscape heterogeneity was less pervasive across studies, (3) the response of cattle-type to variation in food availability was stronger than the response of moose-type, and (4) species-specific body mass or sociality level had no detectable effect on the level of support to the biological hypotheses. To our surprise, our systematic review revealed a dearth of studies focusing on the ecological drivers of the variation in the sizes of individual home ranges (only about 1% of articles that dealt with home ranges), especially in the later decade where more focus has been devoted to movement. We encourage researchers to continue providing such results with sufficient sample sizes and robust methodologies, as we still need to fully understand the link between environmental drivers and individual space use while accounting for life-history constraints.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. No sex differences in adult telomere length across vertebrates: a meta-analysis

Author

Florentin Remot, Victor Ronget, Hannah Froy, Benjamin Rey, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Daniel H. Nussey, and Jean-François Lemaître

Subjects
telomere dynamics, sexual size dimorphism, heterogametic sex, ageing, longevity, life-history strategies, Science
Abstract

In many mammalian species, females live on average longer than males. In humans, women have consistently longer telomeres than men, and this has led to speculation that sex differences in telomere length (TL) could play a role in sex differences in longevity. To address the generality and drivers of patterns of sex differences in TL across vertebrates, we performed meta-analyses across 51 species. We tested two main evolutionary hypotheses proposed to explain sex differences in TL, namely the heterogametic sex disadvantage and the sexual selection hypotheses. We found no support for consistent sex differences in TL between males and females among mammal, bird, fish and reptile species. This absence of sex differences in TL across different classes of vertebrates does not support the heterogametic sex disadvantage hypothesis. Likewise, the absence of any negative effect of sexual size dimorphism on male TL suggests that sexual selection is not likely to mediate the magnitude of sex differences in TL across vertebrates. Finally, the comparative analyses we conducted did not detect any association between sex differences in TL and sex differences in longevity, which does not support the idea that sex differences in TL could explain the observed sex differences in longevity.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. How do conditions at birth influence early‐life growth rates in wild boar?

Author

Lara Veylit, Bernt‐Erik Sæther, Jean‐Michel Gaillard, Eric Baubet, and Marlène Gamelon

Subjects
cohort effects, conditions at birth, individual growth, repeatability analysis, Sus scrofa, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Weather conditions and population density individuals experience at birth influence their life‐history traits and thereby population dynamics. Early‐life individual growth is a key fitness‐related trait; however, how it is affected by such conditions at birth remains to be explored. Taking advantage of long‐term monitoring of three wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations living in contrasting ecological contexts, we assess how weather conditions (temperature and precipitation) and the number of removed individuals at birth influence early‐life growth rates. We found that the number of individuals removed before the early‐growth period had a positive effect on early‐life growth rate across sites. This might be interpreted as a density‐dependent response involving an increase in food availability per capita that favors faster growth. Alternatively, if the number of removed individuals increases with population density, this result might be attributable to decreasing litter sizes at high density, leading mothers to allocate more resources to individual offspring, which favors higher juvenile growth rates. Early‐life growth rates also increased with springtime temperature and decreasing precipitation. Thus, early‐life growth is expected to increase in response to warmer and drier springs, which should become more frequent in the future under current climate change. We found that conditions at birth explained very little among‐year variation in early‐life growth rates (i.e., weak cohort effects) and that within‐year variation in early‐life growth rates was more likely caused by strong individual differences.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Sex gap in aging and longevity: can sex chromosomes play a role?

Author

Gabriel A.B. Marais, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Cristina Vieira, Ingrid Plotton, Damien Sanlaville, François Gueyffier, and Jean-Francois Lemaitre

Subjects
Longevity, Aging, Sexual dimorphism, Sex hormones, Mother’s curse, Sex chromosomes, Medicine, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract

Abstract It is well known that women live longer than men. This gap is observed in most human populations and can even reach 10–15 years. In addition, most of the known super centenarians (i.e., humans who lived for > 110 years) are women. The differences in life expectancy between men and women are often attributed to cultural differences in common thinking. However, sex hormones seem to influence differences in the prevalence of diseases, in the magnitude of aging, and in the longevity between men and women. Moreover, far from being human specific, the sex gap in longevity is extremely common in non-human animals, especially in mammals. Biological factors clearly contribute to such a sex gap in aging and longevity. Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain why males and females age and die differently. The cost of sexual selection and sexual dimorphism has long been considered the best explanation for the observed sex gap in aging/longevity. However, the way mitochondria are transmitted (i.e., through females in most species) could have an effect, called the mother’s curse. Recent data suggest that sex chromosomes may also contribute to the sex gap in aging/longevity through several potential mechanisms, including the unguarded X/Z, the toxic Y/W and the loss of Y/W. We discuss future research directions to test these ideas.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Variation in actuarial senescence does not reflect life span variation across mammals.

Author

Guillaume Péron, Jean-François Lemaître, Victor Ronget, Morgane Tidière, and Jean-Michel Gaillard

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The concept of actuarial senescence (defined here as the increase in mortality hazards with age) is often confounded with life span duration, which obscures the relative role of age-dependent and age-independent processes in shaping the variation in life span. We use the opportunity afforded by the Species360 database, a collection of individual life span records in captivity, to analyze age-specific mortality patterns in relation to variation in life span. We report evidence of actuarial senescence across 96 mammal species. We identify the life stage (juvenile, prime-age, or senescent) that contributes the most to the observed variation in life span across species. Actuarial senescence only accounted for 35%-50% of the variance in life span across species, depending on the body mass category. We computed the sensitivity and elasticity of life span to five parameters that represent the three stages of the age-specific mortality curve-namely, the duration of the juvenile stage, the mean juvenile mortality, the prime-age (i.e., minimum) adult mortality, the age at the onset of actuarial senescence, and the rate of actuarial senescence. Next, we computed the between-species variance in these five parameters. Combining the two steps, we computed the relative contribution of each of the five parameters to the variance in life span across species. Variation in life span was increasingly driven by the intensity of actuarial senescence and decreasingly driven by prime-age adult mortality from small to large species because of changes in the elasticity of life span to these parameters, even if all the adult survival parameters consistently exhibited a canalization pattern of weaker variability among long-lived species than among short-lived ones. Our work unambiguously demonstrates that life span cannot be used to measure the strength of actuarial senescence, because a substantial and variable proportion of life span variation across mammals is not related to actuarial senescence metrics.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Does mast seeding shape mating time in wild boar? A comparative study

Author

Jessica Cachelou, Christine Saint-Andrieux, Eric Baubet, Eveline Nivois, Emmanuelle Richard, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Marlène Gamelon, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Office français de la biodiversité (OFB)

Subjects
Quercus, Swine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Climate Change, Reproduction, Sus scrofa, Animals, Female, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Global Warming
Abstract

In seasonal environments, the timing of reproduction often matches with the peak of food resources. One well-known effect of global warming is an earlier phenology of resources, leading to a possible mismatch between the timing of reproduction for consumers and food peak. However, global warming may also change the dynamics of food resources, such as the intensity and frequency of pulsed mast seeding. How quantitative changes in mast seeding influence the timing of reproduction of seed consumers remains unexplored. Here, we assess how yearly variation in mast seeding influences mating time in wild boar ( Sus scrofa ), a widespread seed consumer species. We took advantage of the intensive monitoring of both female reproduction (1636 females) and acorn production over 6 consecutive years across 15 populations of wild boar in the wild. We found that mating time occurs earlier when acorn production increases in most but not all populations. In two out of 15 populations, heavy females mated earlier than light ones. Our findings demonstrate that mast seeding advances the mating time in some populations, which could perhaps impact how boars respond to climate change.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Sex differences in adult lifespan and aging rate across mammals: A test of the ‘Mother Curse hypothesis’

Author

Hugo Cayuela, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Cristina Vieira, Victor Ronget, Jérôme M.W. Gippet, Thamar Conde García, Gabriel A.B. Marais, Jean-François Lemaître, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Aging, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Developmental Biology
Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Assessing the Diversity of the Form of Age-Specific Changes in Adult Mortality from Captive Mammalian Populations

Author

Victor Ronget, Jean-François Lemaître, Morgane Tidière, and Jean-Michel Gaillard

Subjects
aging, senescence, demography, Bayesian analysis, population dynamics, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Actuarial senescence (i.e., the age-specific increase in mortality rate) is pervasive across mammalian species, but our current understanding of the diversity of forms that actuarial senescence displays across species remains limited. Although several mathematical models have been proposed to model actuarial senescence, there is still no consensus on which model to use, especially when comparing mortality patterns among species. To fill this knowledge gap, we fitted and compared different forms of increase using models commonly used in senescence studies (i.e., Gompertz, Weibull, and logistic) across 61 species of mammalian captive populations using the Bayesian Survival Trajectory Analysis (BaSTA) approach. For as much as 79% of the species, a Gompertz increase of mortality with age was the most parsimonious model that satisfactorily described the shape of age-specific mortality changes in adults. This highlights that the form of the increase in mortality is mostly consistent across mammalian species and follows the Gompertz rule with some rare exceptions. The implications of that result are twofold. First, the Gompertz rate of mortality increase should be used in cross-species comparative analyses of mammals, as already done in some studies. Second, although the Gompertz model accurately describes actuarial senescence in most mammals, there are notable exceptions, and the factors causing this deviation from an exponential mortality increase during the adult stage warrant further investigation.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Compensatory recruitment allows amphibian population persistence in anthropogenic habitats

Author

Hugo Cayuela, Benjamin Monod-Broca, Jean-François Lemaître, Aurélien Besnard, Jérôme M. W. Gippet, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Antonio Romano, Thomas Hertach, Claudio Angelini, Stefano Canessa, Giacomo Rosa, Leonardo Vignoli, Alberto Venchi, Marco Carafa, Filippo Giachi, Andrea Tiberi, Alena M. Hantzschmann, Ulrich Sinsch, Emilie Tournier, Eric Bonnaire, Günter Gollmann, Birgit Gollmann, Annemarieke Spitzen-van der Sluijs, Holger Buschmann, Thierry Kinet, Arnaud Laudelout, Remi Fonters, Yoann Bunz, Marc Corail, Carlo Biancardi, Anna R. Di Cerbo, Dominique Langlois, Jean-Marc Thirion, Laurent Bernard, Elodie Boussiquault, Florian Doré, Titouan Leclerc, Nadine Enderlin, Florian Laurenceau, Lucy Morin, Mégane Skrzyniarz, Mickael Barrioz, Yohan Morizet, Sam S. Cruickshank, Julian Pichenot, Andreas Maletzky, Thibaut Delsinne, Dominik Henseler, Damien Aumaître, Miguel Gailledrat, Julien Moquet, Robert Veen, Peter Krijnen, Laurent Rivière, Matteo Trenti, Sonia Endrizzi, Paolo Pedrini, Marta Biaggini, Stefano Vanni, David Dudgeon, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Jean-Paul Léna, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology and Evolution [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Équipe 4 - Écophysiologie, Comportement, Conservation (E2C), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cayuela, H., Monod-Broca, B., Lemaitre, J. -F., Besnard, A., Gippet, J. M. W., Schmidt, B. R., Romano, A., Hertach, T., Angelini, C., Canessa, S., Rosa, G., Vignoli, L., Venchi, A., Carafa, M., Giachi, F., Tiberi, A., Hantzschmann, A. M., Sinsch, U., Tournier, E., Bonnaire, E., Gollmann, G., Gollmann, B., Spitzen-Van der Sluijs, A., Buschmann, H., Kinet, T., Laudelout, A., Fonters, R., Bunz, Y., Corail, M., Biancardi, C., Di Cerbo, A. R., Langlois, D., Thirion, J. -M., Bernard, L., Boussiquault, E., Dore, F., Leclerc, T., Enderlin, N., Laurenceau, F., Morin, L., Skrzyniarz, M., Barrioz, M., Morizet, Y., Cruickshank, S. S., Pichenot, J., Maletzky, A., Delsinne, T., Henseler, D., Aumaitre, D., Gailledrat, M., Moquet, J., Veen, R., Krijnen, P., Riviere, L., Trenti, M., Endrizzi, S., Pedrini, P., Biaggini, M., Vanni, S., Dudgeon, D., Gaillard, J. -M., and Lena, J. -P.

Subjects
senescence, Multidisciplinary, Animal Ecology and Physiology, Anthropogenic Effects, Population Dynamics, Biodiversity, survival, Europe, recruitment, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animals, 570 Life sciences, biology, amphibian, Anura, global change, 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
Abstract

Habitat anthropization is a major driver of global biodiversity decline. Although most species are negatively affected, some benefit from anthropogenic habitat modifications by showing intriguing life-history responses. For instance, increased recruitment through higher allocation to reproduction or improved performance during early-life stages could compensate for reduced adult survival, corresponding to “compensatory recruitment”. To date, evidence of compensatory recruitment in response to habitat modification is restricted to plants, limiting understanding of its importance as a response to global change. We used the yellow-bellied toad ( Bombina variegata ), an amphibian occupying a broad range of natural and anthropogenic habitats, as a model species to test for and to quantify compensatory recruitment. Using an exceptional capture–recapture dataset composed of 21,714 individuals from 67 populations across Europe, we showed that adult survival was lower, lifespan was shorter, and actuarial senescence was higher in anthropogenic habitats, especially those affected by intense human activities. Increased recruitment in anthropogenic habitats fully offset reductions in adult survival, with the consequence that population growth rate in both habitat types was similar. Our findings indicate that compensatory recruitment allows toad populations to remain viable in human-dominated habitats and might facilitate the persistence of other animal populations in such environments.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Reproductive tactics, birth timing and the trade-off between risk avoidance and foraging in an income breeder

Author

Laura Benoit, Nicolas Morellet, Nadège C. Bonnot, Bruno Cargnelutti, Yannick Chaval, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Anne Loison, Bruno Lourtet, Pascal Marchand, Aurélie Coulon, and A.J. Mark Hewison

Abstract

The behavioural trade-off between foraging and risk avoidance is expected to be particularly acute during gestation and lactation, when the energetic demands of reproduction peak. We investigated how female roe deer, an income breeding ungulate, adjust their management of this trade-off during the birth period in terms of foraging activity and habitat use. We showed that activity levels of reproductive females more than doubled immediately following parturition, when energy demand is highest. Moreover, reproductive females increased their use of open habitat during daytime and ranged closer to roads, but slightly further from refuge woodland, compared to non-reproductive females. However, these post-partum modifications in behaviour were particularly pronounced in late-parturient females who adopted a more risk prone tactic, presumably to compensate for the fitness handicap of their late-born offspring. In income breeders, individuals that give birth late may be forced to trade risk avoidance for resource acquisition during peak allocation to reproduction, likely with significant fitness consequences.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Telomeres as a sentinel of population decline in the context of global warming

Author

Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Eric Gilson, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), and Lemaitre, Jean-François

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population Dynamics, Sentinel Species, Animals, Lizards, Telomere, Extinction, Biological, Global Warming
Abstract

International audience

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Deleterious effects of thermal and water stresses on life history and physiology: a case study on woodlouse

Author

Charlotte Depeux, Angèle Branger, Théo Moulignier, Jérôme Moreau, Jean-François Lemaître, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Tiffany Laverre, Hélène Pauhlac, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Sophie Beltran-Bech, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département PEGASE [LBBE] (PEGASE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie Évolutive [UMR 6282 Biogéosciences] ( Équipe ECO/EVO), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Équipe 4 - Écophysiologie, Comportement, Conservation (E2C), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

We tested independently the influences of increasing temperature and decreasing moisture on life history and physiological traits in the arthropodArmadillidium vulgare. Both increasing temperature and decreasing moisture led reproductive success to decrease. While the density of immune cells decreased and the β-galactosidase activity increased with increasing temperature and decreasing moisture, which suggests a negative impact of these stressors on individual performance, increased temperature and decreased moisture affected differently the other biomarkers conjuring different underlying mechanisms depending on the stress applied. Our findings demonstrate overall a negative impact of high temperature and low moisture on woodlouse welfare. Changing temperature or moisture had slightly different effects, illustrating the need to test further the respective role of each of these key components of climate change on organisms to predict more reliably the future of our ecosystems.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Amplified cyclicality in mast seeding dynamics positively influences the dynamics of a seed consumer species

Author

Laura Touzot, Samuel Venner, Éric Baubet, Cyril Rousset, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Marlène Gamelon, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), and Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)

Subjects
generation time, temporal autocorrelation, stochastic population growth rate, Population Dynamics, Seeds, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, oak mast seeding, cyclicality, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, wild boar, Trees, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

International audience; Temporal autocorrelation in environmental conditions influences population dynamics through its effects on vital rates. However, a comprehensive understanding of how and to what extent temporal autocorrelation shapes population dynamics is still lacking because most empirical studies have unrealistically assumed that environmental conditions are temporally independent. Mast seeding is a biological event characterized by highly fluctuating and synchronized seed production at the tree population scale, as well as a marked negative temporal autocorrelation. In the current context of global change, mast seeding events are expected to become more frequent, leading to strengthened negative temporal autocorrelations and thereby amplified cyclicality in mast seeding dynamics. Theory predicts that population growth rates are maximized when the environmental cyclicality of consumer resources and their generation times are closely matched. To test this prediction, we took advantage of the long-term monitoring of a wild boar population, a widespread seed consumer species characterized by a short generation time (ca. 2 years). As expected, simulations indicated that its stochastic population growth rate increased as mast seeding dynamics became more negatively autocorrelated. Our findings demonstrate that accounting for temporal autocorrelations in environmental conditions relative to generation time of the focal population is required, especially under global warming where the cyclicality in resource dynamics is likely to change.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Variable rate of ageing within species: insights from Darwin’s frogs

Author

Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez, Benedikt R Schmidt, Claudio Azat, Soledad Delgado, Andrew A Cunningham, Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Hugo Cayuela, University of Zurich, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations

Subjects
10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, senescence, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), population, amphibian, variation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Actuarial senescence, the increase in adult mortality risk with increasing age, is a widespread phenomenon across the animal kingdom. Although between-species variation in the rate of increase in mortality as organisms age (i.e. ageing rate) is now well documented, the occurrence of variation in ageing rate within a given species remains much more debatable. We evaluated the level of within-species variation in ageing rate in four populations of the southern Darwin’s frog (Rhinoderma darwinii) from Chile. Our results revealed strong among-population variation in ageing rates, and these were correlated with the population-specific generation time. A higher ageing rate occurred in populations where individuals exhibited a faster pace of life. Our results, along with recent studies in evolutionarily distant amphibian species, indicate that there can be substantial within-species variation in the rate of ageing, highlighting amphibians as emerging models to study the patterns and mechanisms of intraspecific variation in ageing rate.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Time counts in animal ecology

Author

Roberto Salguero‐Gómez, Darren M. Evans, Jean‐Michel Gaillard, Lesley Lancaster, Nathan J. Sanders, Kirsty Scandrett, and Jennifer Meyer

Subjects
Ecology, Animals, Animal Science and Zoology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Published
2022

25. Glucocorticoids negatively relate to body mass on the short-term in a free-ranging ungulate

Author

Lucas D. Lalande, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Jeffrey Carbillet, François Débias, Jeanne Duhayer, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Jean-François Lemaître, Rupert Palme, Sylvia Pardonnet, Maryline Pellerin, Benjamin Rey, and Pauline Vuarin

Abstract

Environmental fluctuations force animals to adjust glucocorticoids (GCs) secretion and release to current conditions. GCs are a widely used proxy of an individual stress level. While short-term elevation in GCs is arguably beneficial for fitness components, previous studies have documented that the relationship between long-term baseline GCs elevation and fitness components can vary according to ecological and individual factors and according to the life-history of the species studied. Using longitudinal data on roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from two populations facing markedly different environmental contexts, we tested whether baseline GC levels negatively correlate with body mass – a trait positively associated with demographic individual performance – on the short- to long-term. In support, higher baseline GC concentrations were associated to lighter body mass, both measured during the same capture event, in adults of both populations. Overall, we showed that despite the marked environmental and demographic differences between populations and despite the between-sex differences in life history (i.e. reproductive tactics), the relationship between body mass and GCs is consistent across environmental contexts, but might differ according to the life history stage of an individual. This work opens promising perspectives to further explore the relationship between GC and fitness-related traits according to life history stages in free-ranging mammals across seasonal and environmental contexts. The timing and context-dependence of GC levels highlight the complexity of studying stress responses in the wild.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. The Demographic Buffering Hypothesis: Evidence and Challenges

Author

Nigel G. Yoccoz, Christophe Pélabon, Bernt-Erik Sæther, Marlène Gamelon, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Christoffer Høyvik Hilde, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology [Trondheim] (IBI NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Biodémographie évolutive, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Arctic University of Norway, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), and The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Climate Change, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population Dynamics, Climate change, Context (language use), Biology, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Empirical research, Population growth, Selection, Genetic, Population Growth, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Natural selection, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400, Density dependence, Vital rates, Demography
Abstract

In (st)age-structured populations, the long-run population growth rate is negatively affected by temporal variation in vital rates. In most cases, natural selection should minimize temporal variation in the vital rates to which the long-run population growth is most sensitive, resulting in demographic buffering. By reviewing empirical studies on demographic buffering in wild populations, we found overall support for this hypothesis. However, we also identified issues when testing for demographic buffering. In particular, solving scaling problems for decomposing, measuring, and comparing stochastic variation in vital rates and accounting for density dependence are required in future tests of demographic buffering. In the current context of climate change, demographic buffering may mitigate the negative impact of environmental variation and help populations to persist in an increasingly variable environment. This article is available under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND license and permits non-commercial use of the work as published, without adaptation or alteration provided the work is fully attributed.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Evolutionary Pathways to Communal and Cooperative Breeding in Carnivores

Author

Aurélie Cohas, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Valentine Federico, and Dominique Allainé

Subjects
Reproductive suppression, Behavior, Animal, Ecology, Reproduction, Carnivora, Biology, Biological Evolution, Variety (cybernetics), Social system, Cooperative breeding, Animals, Cooperative Behavior, Social Behavior, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sociality
Abstract

In animal societies, individuals can cooperate in a variety of tasks, including rearing young. Such cooperation is observed in complex social systems, including communal and cooperative breeding. In mammals, both these social systems are characterized by delayed dispersal and alloparenting, whereas only cooperative breeding involves reproductive suppression. While the evolution of communal breeding has been linked to direct fitness benefits of alloparenting, the direct fitness cost of reproductive suppression has led to the hypothesis that the evolution of cooperative breeding is driven by indirect fitness benefits accrued through raising the offspring of related individuals. To decipher between the evolutionary scenarios leading to communal and cooperative breeding in carnivores, we investigated the coevolution among delayed dispersal, reproductive suppression, and alloparenting. We reconstructed ancestral states and transition rates between these traits. We found that cooperative breeding and communal breeding evolved along separate pathways, with delayed dispersal as the first step for both. The three traits coevolved, enhancing and stabilizing one another, which resulted in cooperative social systems as opposed to intermediate configurations being stable. These findings promote the key role of coevolution among traits to stabilize cooperative social systems and highlight the specificities of evolutionary patterns of sociality in carnivores.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity

Author

Beth A. Reinke, Hugo Cayuela, Fredric J. Janzen, Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, A. Michelle Lawing, John B. Iverson, Ditte G. Christiansen, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Gregorio Sánchez-Montes, Jorge Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Francis L. Rose, Nicola Nelson, Susan Keall, Alain J. Crivelli, Theodoros Nazirides, Annegret Grimm-Seyfarth, Klaus Henle, Emiliano Mori, Gaëtan Guiller, Rebecca Homan, Anthony Olivier, Erin Muths, Blake R. Hossack, Xavier Bonnet, David S. Pilliod, Marieke Lettink, Tony Whitaker, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Michael G. Gardner, Marc Cheylan, Françoise Poitevin, Ana Golubović, Ljiljana Tomović, Dragan Arsovski, Richard A. Griffiths, Jan W. Arntzen, Jean-Pierre Baron, Jean-François Le Galliard, Thomas Tully, Luca Luiselli, Massimo Capula, Lorenzo Rugiero, Rebecca McCaffery, Lisa A. Eby, Venetia Briggs-Gonzalez, Frank Mazzotti, David Pearson, Brad A. Lambert, David M. Green, Nathalie Jreidini, Claudio Angelini, Graham Pyke, Jean-Marc Thirion, Pierre Joly, Jean-Paul Léna, Anton D. Tucker, Col Limpus, Pauline Priol, Aurélien Besnard, Pauline Bernard, Kristin Stanford, Richard King, Justin Garwood, Jaime Bosch, Franco L. Souza, Jaime Bertoluci, Shirley Famelli, Kurt Grossenbacher, Omar Lenzi, Kathleen Matthews, Sylvain Boitaud, Deanna H. Olson, Tim S. Jessop, Graeme R. Gillespie, Jean Clobert, Murielle Richard, Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez, Gary M. Fellers, Patrick M. Kleeman, Brian J. Halstead, Evan H. Campbell Grant, Phillip G. Byrne, Thierry Frétey, Bernard Le Garff, Pauline Levionnois, John C. Maerz, Julian Pichenot, Kurtuluş Olgun, Nazan Üzüm, Aziz Avcı, Claude Miaud, Johan Elmberg, Gregory P. Brown, Richard Shine, Nathan F. Bendik, Lisa O’Donnell, Courtney L. Davis, Michael J. Lannoo, Rochelle M. Stiles, Robert M. Cox, Aaron M. Reedy, Daniel A. Warner, Eric Bonnaire, Kristine Grayson, Roberto Ramos-Targarona, Eyup Baskale, David Muñoz, John Measey, F. Andre de Villiers, Will Selman, Victor Ronget, Anne M. Bronikowski, David A. W. Miller, Northeastern Illinois University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Department of Ecology and Evolution [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Iowa State University (ISU), W. K. Kellogg Biological Station (KBS), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Texas A&M University [College Station], Earlham College, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Department of Biological Sciences [Lubbock], Texas Tech University [Lubbock] (TTU), School of Biological Sciences [Wellington, New Zealand], Victoria University of Wellington, Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Auteur indépendant, Department of Conservation Biology [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems [CNR, Italy] (IRET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Le Grand Momesson, Bouvron, France, Denison University, Fort Collins Science Center (FORT), US Geological Survey [Fort Collins], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS)-United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), University of Montana, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (FRESC), Info Fauna Karch 2000, Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Macedonian Ecological Society, University of Kent [Canterbury], Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute for Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation [Rome, Italy], Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Université de Lomé [Togo], Museo Civico di Zoologia, U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions [Australia], Parks and Wildlife Service of Northern Territory, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Redpath Museum, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Kunming Institute of Botany [CAS] (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Macquarie University, Association Objectifs Biodiversités (OBIOS), Équipe 4 - Écophysiologie, Comportement, Conservation (E2C), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSIRO, EcoSciences Precinct, StatiPOP, scientific consulting, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Northern Illinois University, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Universidad de Oviedo [Oviedo], Department of Biology [Mato Grosso], Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT University), University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI), Naturhistorisches Museum [Bern], USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Deakin University [Waurn Ponds], Palmerston North Research Centre, Plant & Food Research, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Austral de Chile, ONG Ranita de Darwin, U.S Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Wollongong], Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia]-University of Wollongong [Australia], Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Office national des forêts (ONF), University of Georgia [USA], Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Eco-éthologie (2C2A-CERFE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, University College of Kristianstad, Watershed Protection Department, Cornell Lab of Ornithology [New York], Cornell University [New York], Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University System, University of Virginia, Auburn University (AU), University of Richmond, Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente (CITMA), Pamukkale University, Stellenbosch University, Millsaps College, Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01AG049416 (to A.M.B., F.J.J., and D.A.W.M.). H.C. was supported as a postdoctoral researcher by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 31003A_182265)., Office National des Forêts (ONF), University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), and Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology

Subjects
life history, demography, Aging, phenotype, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Longevity, tetrapod, ectothermy, phylogeny, Amphibia, Amphibians, VERTEBRADOS, evolution, Animals, animal, Multidisciplinary, nonhuman, article, Reptiles, mortality, Biological Evolution, phylogenetics, reptile, GN, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, environmental temperature, body size
Abstract

Comparative studies of mortality in the wild are necessary to understand the evolution of aging; yet, ectothermic tetrapods are underrepresented in this comparative landscape, despite their suitability for testing evolutionary hypotheses. We present a study of aging rates and longevity across wild tetrapod ectotherms, using data from 107 populations (77 species) of nonavian reptiles and amphibians. We test hypotheses of how thermoregulatory mode, environmental temperature, protective phenotypes, and pace of life history contribute to demographic aging. Controlling for phylogeny and body size, ectotherms display a higher diversity of aging rates compared with endotherms and include phylogenetically widespread evidence of negligible aging. Protective phenotypes and life-history strategies further explain macroevolutionary patterns of aging. Analyzing ectothermic tetrapods in a comparative context enhances our understanding of the evolution of aging.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Reproductive dispersion and damping time scale with life-history speed

Author

Sha Jiang, Harman Jaggi, Wenyun Zuo, Madan K. Oli, Tim Coulson, Jean‐Michel Gaillard, and Shripad Tuljapurkar

Subjects
Reproduction, Animals, Plants, Life History Traits, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Generation time has previously been the focus of comparative life history analyses. Here we examine three metrics: generation time T, reproductive dispersion S (the distribution of ages of reproduction), and damping time τ (time to converge to stable (st)age distribution). We use data on 633 species of animals and plants, and perform phylogenetically corrected analyses. First we find that S varies allometrically and isometrically with T. As a result, τ varies allometrically with either T or S but not both. Second, we find a trade-off between τ and S, so that τ does not vary isometrically with T. This trade-off is a novel demographic component to the relationship between τ, T and S that is otherwise partly determined by their similarity as biological times. Our results indicate that species at the slow end of the slow-fast continuum take longer to converge to stable distribution than species with fast life-histories.

Published
2022

32. Density-dependent environments can select for extremes of body size

Author

Tim Coulson, Anja Felmy, Gioele Passoni, Robert A Montgomery, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Peter HJ udson, Joseph Travis, Ronald D Bassar, Shripad Tuljapurkar, Dustin J Marshall, and Sonya Clegg

Abstract

Body size variation is an enigma. We do not understand why species achieve the sizes they do, and this means we also do not understand the circumstances under which gigantism or dwarfism is selected. We develop size-structured integral projection models to explore evolution of body size and life history speed. We make few assumptions and keep models simple: all functions remain constant across models except for the one that describes development of body size with age. We set sexual maturity to occur when size attains 80% of the asymptotic size, which is typical of a large mammal, and allow negative density dependence to only affect either reproduction or juvenile survival. Fitness – the quantity that is maximized by adaptive evolution – is carrying capacity in our models, and we are consequently interested in how it changes with size at sexual maturity, and how this association varies with development rate. The simple models generate complex dynamics while providing insight into the circumstances when extremes of body size evolve. The direction of selection leading to either gigantism or dwarfism crucially depends on the proportion of the population that is sexually mature, which in turn depends on how the development function determines the survivorship schedule. The developmental trajectories consequently interact with size-specific survival or reproductive rates to determine the best life history and the optimal body size emerges from that interaction. These dynamics result in trade-offs between different components of the life history, with the form of the trade-off that emerges depending upon where in the life history density dependence operates most strongly. Empirical application of the approach we develop has potential to help explain the enigma of body size variation across the tree of life.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Sex-related differences in aging rate areassociated with sex chromosome system inamphibians

Author

Hugo Cayuela, Jean‐François Lemaître, Jean‐Paul Léna, Victor Ronget, Iñigo Martínez‐Solano, Erin Muths, David S. Pilliod, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Gregorio Sánchez‐Montes, Jorge Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez, Graham Pyke, Kurt Grossenbacher, Omar Lenzi, Jaime Bosch, Karen H. Beard, Lawrence L. Woolbright, Brad A. Lambert, David M. Green, Nathalie Jreidini, Justin M. Garwood, Robert N. Fisher, Kathleen Matthews, David Dudgeon, Anthony Lau, Jeroen Speybroeck, Rebecca Homan, Robert Jehle, Eyup Başkale, Emiliano Mori, Jan W. Arntzen, Pierre Joly, Rochelle M. Stiles, Michael J. Lannoo, John C. Maerz, Winsor H. Lowe, Andrés Valenzuela‐Sánchez, Ditte G. Christiansen, Claudio Angelini, Jean‐Marc Thirion, Juha Merilä, Guarino R. Colli, Mariana M. Vasconcellos, Taissa C. V. Boas, Ísis da C. Arantes, Pauline Levionnois, Beth A. Reinke, Cristina Vieira, Gabriel A. B. Marais, Jean‐Michel Gaillard, David A. W. Miller, Swiss National Science Foundation, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et évolution des populations, and Wiley Online Library

Subjects
Male, SELECTION, Aging, senescence, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, MODELS, Senescence, Amphibians, Y Chromosome, Genetics, Animals, sex chromosome, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, TREE, LIFE-SPAN, MORTALITY COSTS, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Sex Characteristics, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Sex Chromosomes, amphibians, COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY, Life Sciences, Sex Determination Processes, EVOLUTION, INSIGHTS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Sex chromosome, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, NATURAL-POPULATIONS
Abstract

Sex-related differences in mortality are widespread in the animal kingdom. Although studies have shown that sex determinationsystems might drive lifespan evolution, sex chromosome influence on aging rates have not been investigated so far, likely due toan apparent lack of demographic data from clades including both XY (with heterogametic males) and ZW (heterogametic females)systems. Taking advantage of a unique collection of capture–recapture datasets in amphibians, a vertebrate group where XY andZW systems have repeatedly evolved over the past 200 million years, we examined whether sex heterogamy can predict sexdifferences in aging rates and lifespans. We showed that the strength and direction of sex differences in aging rates (and notlifespan) differ between XY and ZW systems. Sex-specific variation in aging rates was moderate within each system, but agingrates tended to be consistently higher in the heterogametic sex. This led to small but detectable effects of sex chromosome systemon sex differences in aging rates in our models. Although preliminary, our results suggest that exposed recessive deleteriousmutations on the X/Z chromosome (the “unguarded X/Z effect”) or repeat-rich Y/W chromosome (the “toxic Y/W effect”) couldaccelerate aging in the heterogametic sex in some vertebrate clades., C was supported asa postdoctoral researcher by the Vanier-Banting postdoctoral fellowship program and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF grant number 31003A_182265).

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Effects of population density on static allometry between horn length and body mass in mountain ungulates

Author

Morgane Tidière, Mathieu Garel, Christophe Pélabon, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Anne Loison, Carole Toïgo, Marco Festa-Bianchet, Jean-François Lemaître, Steeve D. Côté, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et évolution des populations, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Centre d'Etudes Nordiques (CEN), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Ecoépidémiologie évolutionniste, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, French horn, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, 15. Life on land, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Population density, 03 medical and health sciences, Density dependence, density dependence, allometry, Allometry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, condition dependence, horns, bovids, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

International audience; Little is known about the effects of environmental variation on allometric relationships of condition-dependent traits, especially in wild populations. We estimated sex-specific static allometry between horn length and body mass in four populations of mountain ungulates that experienced periods of contrasting density over the course of the study. These species displayed contrasting sexual dimorphism in horn size; high dimorphism in Capra ibex and Ovis canadensis and low dimorphism in Rupicapra rupicapra and Oreamnos americanus. The effects of density on static allometric slopes were weak and inconsistent while allometric intercepts were generally lower at high density, especially in males from species with high sexual dimorphism in horn length. These results confirm that static allometric slopes are more canalized than allometric intercepts against environmental variation induced by changes in population density.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Thermal conditions predict intraspecific variation in senescence rate in frogs and toads

Author

Rebecca McCaffery, Erin Muths, Lisa A. Eby, David S. Pilliod, Johan Elmberg, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Jérôme M. W. Gippet, Thierry Frétey, Blake R. Hossack, Omar Lenzi, Jean-François Lemaître, Bernard Le Garff, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Brad A. Lambert, Kurt Grossenbacher, Juha Merilä, Hugo Cayuela, University of Zurich, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et évolution des populations, United States Geological Survey (USGS), Biodiversité et gestion des territoires, Université de Rennes (UR), University of Montana, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Kristianstad University College - HKR (SWEDEN), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), H.C. was supported as a postdoctoral researcher by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. 31003A_182265). J.M. acknowledges financial support from the Academy of Finland and the University of Helsinki as well as logistic support provide by the Kilpisjärvi Biological Station of the University of Helsinki. J.E. was supported by the Verner von Heidenstam Fund, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, and the Swedish Natural Science Research Council. The funding for field work was supported by Boise State University, the Bureau of Land Management, Colorado Parks and Wildlife, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, the Nevada Department of Wildlife, the University of Montana, the University of Nevada Reno, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the US Forest Service and US Geological Survey (USGS), and the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment., Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Ecological Genetics Research Unit, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and University of Helsinki

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, demography, senescence, Ranidae, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Global Warming, 01 natural sciences, RANA-TEMPORARIA, LONGEVITY, Bufo, POPULATION, 0303 health sciences, amphibians, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Biodiversity, Biological Sciences, Europe, Ectotherm, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, SURVIVAL, 590 Animals (Zoology), Anura, Senescence, SEX-DIFFERENCES, Climate Change, Context (language use), ectotherms, COMMON FROGS, 010603 evolutionary biology, Intraspecific competition, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Temperate climate, Animals, TOLERANCE, AGING RATES, climate, Rana luteiventris, 030304 developmental biology, aging, temperature, biology.organism_classification, Bufonidae, 13. Climate action, North America, 570 Life sciences, amphibian, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Variation in temperature is known to influence mortality patterns in ectotherms. Even though a few experimental studies on model organisms have reported a positive relationship between temperature and actuarial senescence (i.e., the increase in mortality risk with age), how variation in climate influences the senescence rate across the range of a species is still poorly understood in free-ranging animals. We filled this knowledge gap by investigating the relationships linking senescence rate, adult lifespan, and climatic conditions using long-term capture–recapture data from multiple amphibian populations. We considered two pairs of related anuran species from the Ranidae ( Rana luteiventris and Rana temporaria ) and Bufonidae ( Anaxyrus boreas and Bufo bufo ) families, which diverged more than 100 Mya and are broadly distributed in North America and Europe. Senescence rates were positively associated with mean annual temperature in all species. In addition, lifespan was negatively correlated with mean annual temperature in all species except A. boreas . In both R. luteiventris and A. boreas , mean annual precipitation and human environmental footprint both had negligible effects on senescence rates or lifespans. Overall, our findings demonstrate the critical influence of thermal conditions on mortality patterns across anuran species from temperate regions. In the current context of further global temperature increases predicted by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios, a widespread acceleration of aging in amphibians is expected to occur in the decades to come, which might threaten even more seriously the viability of populations and exacerbate global decline.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. How much energetic trade‐offs limit selection? Insights from livestock and related laboratory model species

Author

Hélène Gilbert, Jean-François Lemaître, Philippe Monget, Frédéric Douhard, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Mathieu Douhard, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Ecologie et évolution des populations, and Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
senescence, Natural resource economics, Evolution, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], trade‐offs, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Pleiotropy, pleiotropy, Genetics, QH359-425, Limit (mathematics), Livestock breeding, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Selection (genetic algorithm), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, metabolic rate, business.industry, livestock breeding, Trade offs, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, trade-offs, Perspective, Metabolic rate, Livestock, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business
Abstract

International audience; Trade-offs between life history traits are expected to occur due to the limited amount of resources that organisms can obtain and share among biological functions, but are of least concern for selection responses in nutrient-rich or benign environments. In domestic animals, selection limits have not yet been reached despite strong selection for higher meat, milk or egg yields. Yet, negative genetic correlations between productivity traits and health or fertility traits have often been reported, supporting the view that trade-offs do occur in the context of nonlimiting resources. The importance of allocation mechanisms in limiting genetic changes can thus be questioned when animals are mostly constrained by their time to acquire and process energy rather than by feed availability. Selection for high productivity traits early in life should promote a fast metabolism with less energy allocated to self-maintenance (contributing to soma preservation and repair). Consequently, the capacity to breed shortly after an intensive period of production or to remain healthy should be compromised. We assessed those predictions in mammalian and avian livestock and related laboratory model species. First, we surveyed studies that compared energy allocation to maintenance between breeds or lines of contrasting productivity but found little support for the occurrence of an energy allocation trade-off. Second, selection experiments for lower feed intake per unit of product (i.e. higher feed efficiency) generally resulted in reduced allocation to maintenance, but this did not entail fitness costs in terms of survival or future reproduction. These findings indicate that the consequences of a particular selection in domestic animals are much more difficult to predict than one could anticipate from the energy allocation framework alone. Future developments to predict the contribution of time constraints and trade-offs to selection limits will be insightful to breed livestock in increasingly challenging environments.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Demographic determinants of the phenotypic mother–offspring correlation

Author

Jean-Michel Gaillard, Tim Coulson, Shripad Tuljapurkar, Julia A. Barthold Jones, and Floriane Plard

Subjects
phenotypic variance, biology, Soay sheep, Ecology, Inheritance (genetic algorithm), transmission, Zoology, Mother offspring, Heritability, heritability, Phenotype, law.invention, Roe deer, Correlation, Transmission (mechanics), parent–offspring covariance, law, biology.animal, parent–offspring regression, inheritance, roe deer, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, integral projection model
Abstract

Phenotypic traits partly determine expected survival and reproduction, and so have been used as the basis for demographic models of population dynamics. Within a population, the distribution of phenotypic traits depends upon their transmission from parents to offspring, yet we still have a limited understanding of the factors shaping phenotypic transmission in wild populations. Phenotypic transmission can be measured using the phenotypic parent–offspring correlation (C), defined as the slope of the regression of offspring phenotypic trait on parental phenotypic trait, both traits measured at the same age, often at birth. This correlation reflects phenotypic variation due to both additive genetic effects and parental effects. Researchers seldom account for the possible influence of selection on estimates of the phenotypic parent–offspring correlation. However, because individuals must grow, survive, and reproduce before giving birth to offspring, these, aphic processes might influence the phenotypic parent–offspring correlation in addition to the inheritance process, the latter being the direct relationship between parental and offspring phenotypic traits when the parental trait is measured at age of reproduction and the offspring trait is measured at birth. Here we used a female-based population model to study the relative effects of fertility and viability selections, trait ontogeny and inheritance on C. The relative influence of each demographic process is estimated by deriving the exact formulas for the proportional changes in C to changes in the parameters of integral projection models structured by age and phenotypic traits. We illustrate our method for two long-lived species. We find that C can be strongly affected by both viability and fertility selections, mediated by growth and inheritance. Generally, demographic processes that result in mothers reproducing at similar phenotypic traits regardless of their birth traits, such as high fertility selection or converging developmental trajectories, lead to a decreased C. More generally, our models show how the age and phenotypic dependence of fertility and viability selections can influence phenotypic mother–offspring correlation to a much larger extent than ontogeny and inheritance. Our results suggest that accounting for such dependence is needed to model the distribution of offspring phenotypic traits and the ecoevolutionary dynamics of phenotypic traits reliably.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Old females rarely mate with old males in roe deer, Capreolus capreolus

Author

Maryline Pellerin, Cécile Vanpé, Petter Kjellander, Jean-François Lemaître, Erwan Quéméré, A. J. M. Hewison, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), Cécile Vanpé was funded by the ‘AGEX’ JCJC ANR project (ANR-15-CE32-0002-01) awarded to Jean-François Lemaître. The field study was supported by grants from ONCFS. Genetic data were produced thanks to the support of the ‘PATCH’ RPDOC ANR project (ANR-12-PDOC-0017-01) awarded to Cécile Vanpé., ANR-15-CE32-0002,AGEX,Vieillissement sexe-spécifique en milieu naturel(2015), ANR-12-PDOC-0017,PATCH,Plasticité comportementale et AdapTation du CHevreuil aux modifications du paysage(2012), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU), Observatoire du Mont-Blanc, and Ecologie et évolution des populations

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, cervid, senescence, terminal allocation, Population, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Capreolus, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, terminal investment, mate choice, Mating, education, reproductive and urinary physiology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, biology, Age differences, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Maternal effect, biology.organism_classification, Roe deer, 030104 developmental biology, age, Mate choice, mating tactic, Sexual selection, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Demography
Abstract

Little is known about whether female mating tactics vary with age based on their preference for mates. To fill this knowledge gap, we examined how maternal age is related to the age of their mates using detailed individual long-term monitoring of a genotyped and pedigreed European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758) population. We found that mating between old females and prime-aged males was more frequent than mating between prime-aged females and prime-aged males. This suggests that old females avoid old mates. Old females might be more selective in their mate choice than prime-aged females owing to increased mate-sampling effort. Our finding is in line with the terminal investment/allocation hypothesis. The study of age-related variation in female mating behaviour is particularly important because this behaviour can influence the intensity and direction of sexual selection and the maintenance of variation in male sexually selected traits. Further studies are needed to quantify the exact fitness benefits of age-specific mating tactics in females.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Mismatch between birth date and vegetation phenology slows the demography of roe deer.

Author

Floriane Plard, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Tim Coulson, A J Mark Hewison, Daniel Delorme, Claude Warnant, and Christophe Bonenfant

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Marked impacts of climate change on biodiversity have frequently been demonstrated, including temperature-related shifts in phenology and life-history traits. One potential major impact of climate change is the modification of synchronization between the phenology of different trophic levels. High phenotypic plasticity in laying date has allowed many bird species to track the increasingly early springs resulting from recent environmental change, but although changes in the timing of reproduction have been well studied in birds, these questions have only recently been addressed in mammals. To track peak resource availability, large herbivores like roe deer, with a widespread distribution across Europe, should also modify their life-history schedule in response to changes in vegetation phenology over time. In this study, we analysed the influence of climate change on the timing of roe deer births and the consequences for population demography and individual fitness. Our study provides a rare quantification of the demographic costs associated with the failure of a species to modify its phenology in response to a changing world. Given these fitness costs, the lack of response of roe deer birth dates to match the increasingly earlier onset of spring is in stark contrast with the marked phenotypic responses to climate change reported in many other mammals. We suggest that the lack of phenotypic plasticity in birth timing in roe deer is linked to its inability to track environmental cues of variation in resource availability for the timing of parturition.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Decline in telomere length with increasing age across non‐human vertebrates:A meta‐analysis

Author

Jean-François Lemaître, Daniel H. Nussey, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Hannah Froy, Victor Ronget, Florentin Remot, Benjamin Rey, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations

Subjects
biology, media_common.quotation_subject, aging, Vertebrate, telomere attrition, Life history theory, Telomere, qPCR, systematic review, Evolutionary biology, Ageing, biology.animal, Meta-analysis, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Genetics, telomere restriction fragment, Juvenile, Adult stage, Reproduction, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, life history traits, media_common
Abstract

The prediction that telomere length (TL) shortens with increasing age is a major element in considering the role of telomeres as a key player in evolution. While telomere attrition is found in humans both in vitro and in vivo, the increasing number of studies reporting diverse age-specific patterns of TL challenges the hypothesis of a universal decline of TL with increasing age. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to estimate the relationship between TL and age across 175 estimates encompassing 98 species of vertebrates. We found that, on average, TL does decline with increasing age during adulthood. However, this decline was weak and variable across vertebrate classes, and we also found evidence for a publication bias that might weaken our current evidence of decreasing TL with increasing age. We found no evidence for a faster decline in TL with increasing age when considering the juvenile stage (from birth to age at first reproduction) compared to the adult stage. Heterogeneity in TL ageing rates was explained by the method used to measure telomeres: detectable TL declines with increasing age were found only among studies using TRF with in-gel hybridisation and qFISH methods, but not in studies using qPCR and Southern blot-based TRF methods. While we confirmed that TL declines with increasing age in most adult vertebrates, our results identify an influence of telomere measurement methodology, which highlights the need to examine more thoroughly the effect of the method of measurement on TL estimates.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Evolution of large males is associated with female‐skewed adult sex ratios in amniotes

Author

Tamás Székely, András Liker, Robert P. Freckleton, Ivett Pipoly, Veronika Bókony, Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, genetic structures, Range (biology), media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Comparative method, Competition (biology), Birds, mating competition, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Animals, Body Size, sexual selection, Juvenile, Sex Ratio, Mating, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Sex Characteristics, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), biology, sex-biased mortality, biology.organism_classification, Sexual dimorphism, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Sexual selection, Female, Amniote, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, mating opportunity, Sex ratio
Abstract

Body size often differs between the sexes (leading to sexual size dimorphism, SSD), as a consequence of differential responses by males and females to selection pressures. Adult sex ratio (ASR, the proportion of males in the adult population) should influence SSD because ASR relates to both the number of competitors and available mates, which shape the intensity of mating competition and thereby promotes SSD evolution. However, whether ASR correlates with SSD variation among species has not been yet tested across a broad range of taxa. Using phylogenetic comparative analyses of 462 amniotes (i.e., reptiles, birds, and mammals), we fill this knowledge gap by showing that male bias in SSD increases with increasingly female-skewed ASRs in both mammals and birds. This relationship is not explained by the higher mortality of the larger sex because SSD is not associated with sex differences in either juvenile or adult mortality. Phylogenetic path analysis indicates that higher mortality in one sex leads to skewed ASR, which in turn may generate selection for SSD biased toward the rare sex. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that skewed ASRs in amniote populations can result in the rarer sex evolving large size to capitalize on enhanced mating opportunities.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Epigenetic predictors of maximum lifespan and other life history traits in mammals

Author

Caesar Z. Li, Amin Haghani, Todd R. Robeck, Diego Villar, Ake T. Lu, Joshua Zhang, Chris G. Faulkes, Ha Vu, Julia Ablaeva, Danielle M. Adams, Reza Ardehali, Adriana Arneson, C. Scott Baker, Katherine Belov, Daniel T. Blumstein, Eleanor K. Bors, Charles E. Breeze, Robert T. Brooke, Janine L. Brown, Alex Caulton, Julie M. Cavin, Ioulia Chatzistamou, Hao Chen, Priscila Chiavellini, Oi-Wa Choi, Shannon Clarke, Joseph DeYoung, Candice K. Emmons, Stephan Emmrich, Zhe Fei, Steven H. Ferguson, Carrie J. Finno, Jennifer E. Flower, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Eva Garde, Vadim N. Gladyshev, Rodolfo G. Goya, M. Bradley Hanson, Martin Haulena, Kelsey Herrick, Andrew N. Hogan, Carolyn J. Hogg, Timothy A. Hore, Anna J. Jasinska, Gareth Jones, Eve Jourdain, Olga Kashpur, Harold Katcher, Etsuko Katsumata, Vimala Kaza, Hippokratis Kiaris, Michael S. Kobor, Pawel Kordowitzki, William R. Koski, Brenda Larison, Sang-Goo Lee, Marianne Lehmann, Jean-Francois Lemaitre, Andrew J. Levine, Cun Li, Xinmin Li, David TS Lin, Dana M. Lindemann, Nicholas Macoretta, Dewey Maddox, Craig O. Matkin, Julie A. Mattison, June Mergl, Jennifer J. Meudt, Gisele A. Montano, Khyobeni Mozhui, Asieh Naderi, Martina Nagy, Pritika Narayan, Peter W. Nathanielsz, Ngoc B. Nguyen, Christof Niehrs, Duncan T Odom, Alexander G. Ophir, Elaine A. Ostrander, Perrie O'Tierney Ginn, Kim M. Parsons, Kimberly C. Paul, Matteo Pellegrini, Gabriela M. Pinho, Jocelyn Plassais, Natalia A. Prado, Benjamin Rey, Beate R. Ritz, Jooke Robbins, Magdalena Rodriguez, Jennifer Russell, Elena Rydkina, Lindsay L. Sailer, Adam B. Salmon, Akshay Sanghavi, Kyle M. Schachtschneider, Dennis Schmitt, Lars Schomacher, Lawrence B. Schook, Karen E. Sears, Ashley W. Seifert, Anastasia V. Shindyapina, Kavita Singh, Ishani Sinha, Russel G. Snell, Elham Soltanmohammadi, Matthew L. Spangler, Maria Spriggs, Karen J. Steinman, Victoria J. Sugrue, Balazs Szladovits, Masaki Takasugi, Emma C. Teeling, Bill Van Bonn, Sonja C. Vernes, Harry V. Vinters, Mary C. Wallingford, Nan Wang, Gerald S. Wilkinson, Robert W. Williams, X. William Yang, Brent G. Young, Bohan Zhang, Zhihui Zhang, Peng Zhao, Yang Zhao, Wanding Zhou, Joseph A. Zoller, Jason Ernst, Andrei Seluanov, Ken Raj, Vera Gorbunova, and Steve Horvath

Subjects
Evolutionary biology, media_common.quotation_subject, DNA methylation, Longevity, Sexual maturity, Epigenetics, Methylation, Biology, Breed, Life history theory, Bivalent chromatin, media_common
Abstract

Maximum lifespan of a species is the oldest that individuals can survive, reflecting the genetic limit of longevity in an ideal environment. Here we report methylation-based models that accurately predict maximum lifespan (r=0.89), gestational time (r=0.96), and age at sexual maturity (r=0.87), using cytosine methylation patterns collected from over 12,000 samples derived from 192 mammalian species. Our epigenetic maximum lifespan predictor corroborated the extended lifespan in growth hormone receptor knockout mice and rapamycin treated mice. Across dog breeds, epigenetic maximum lifespan correlates positively with breed lifespan but negatively with breed size. Lifespan-related cytosines are located in transcriptional regulatory regions, such as bivalent chromatin promoters and polycomb-repressed regions, which were hypomethylated in long-lived species. The epigenetic estimators of maximum lifespan and other life history traits will be useful for characterizing understudied species and for identifying interventions that extend lifespan.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. Editorial: Advances in Ungulate Ecology

Author

Vernon C. Bleich, Paul R. Krausman, R. Terry Bowyer, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ungulate, biology, Ecology, nutritional ecology, Evolution, Ecology (disciplines), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], conservation, Population ecology, biology.organism_classification, behavioral ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, life-histories, 010601 ecology, Behavioral ecology, population ecology, QH359-425, Nutritional ecology, QH540-549.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Is degree of sociality associated with reproductive senescence? A comparative analysis across birds and mammals

Author

Csongor I. Vágási, Orsolya Vincze, Péter L. Pap, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Victor Ronget, Jean-François Lemaître, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, Reproductive ageing, Body size, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Degree (temperature), Nesting Behavior, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, Reproductive senescence, biology.animal, Cooperative breeding, Subject areas, Animals, Life history, Cooperative Behavior, Social Behavior, Pace of life, Sociality, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Mammals, 0303 health sciences, Reproduction, Vertebrate, Articles, Brain size, Mammal, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

Our understanding on how widespread reproductive senescence is in the wild and how the onset and rate of reproductive senescence vary among species in relation to life histories and lifestyles is currently limited. More specifically, whether the species-specific degree of sociality is linked to the occurrence, onset and rate of reproductive senescence remains unknown. Here, we investigate these questions using phylogenetic comparative analyses across 36 bird and 101 mammal species encompassing a wide array of life histories, lifestyles and social traits. We found that female reproductive senescence: (i) is widespread and occurs with similar frequency (about two-thirds) in birds and mammals; (ii) occurs later in life and is slower in birds than in similar-sized mammals; (iii) occurs later in life and is slower with an increasingly slower pace of life in both vertebrate classes; and (iv) is only weakly associated, if any, with the degree of sociality in both classes after accounting for the effect of body size and pace of life. However, when removing the effect of species differences in pace of life, a higher degree of sociality was associated with later and weaker reproductive senescence in females, which suggests that the degree of sociality is either indirectly related to reproductive senescence via the pace of life or simply a direct outcome of the pace of life. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?’

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Maternal effects shape offspring physiological condition but do not senesce in a wild mammal

Author

François Débias, Maryline Pellerin, Louise Cheynel, Benjamin Rey, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Erwan Quéméré, Jean-François Lemaître, Sylvia Pardonnet, Jeanne Duhayer, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), University of Liverpool, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
life history, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Senescence, Offspring, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Physiology, Forests, eco, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, immunology, 03 medical and health sciences, Capreolus, Immune system, biology.animal, Animals, roe deer, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Physiological condition, Deer, Body Weight, Maternal effect, Age Factors, biology.organism_classification, Roe deer, 030104 developmental biology, ageing, Ageing, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Maternal Inheritance, body condition, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Maternal Age
Abstract

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.; International audience; In vertebrates, offspring survival often decreases with increasing maternal age. While many studies have reported a decline in fitness-related traits of offspring with increasing maternal age, the study of senescence in maternal effect through age-specific changes in offspring physiological condition is still at its infancy. We assessed the influence of maternal age and body mass on offspring physiological condition in two populations of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) subjected to markedly different environmental conditions. We measured seven markers to index body condition and characterize the immune profile in 86 fawns which became recently independent of their known-aged mothers. We did not find striking effects of maternal age on offspring physiological condition measured at 8 months of age. This absence of evidence for senescence in maternal effects is likely due to the strong viability selection observed in the very first months of life in this species. Offspring physiological condition was, on the other hand, positively influenced by maternal body mass. Between-population differences in environmental conditions experienced by fawns also influenced their average body condition and immune phenotype. Fawns facing food limitation displayed lower values in some markers of body condition (body mass and haemoglobin levels) than those living in good quality habitat. They also allocated preferentially to humoral immunity, contrary to those living in good conditions, which allocated more to cellular response. These results shed a new light on the eco-physiological pathways mediating the relationship between mother's mass and offspring condition.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Can we use a functional trait to construct a generalized model for ungulate populations?

Author

Lochran W. Traill, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Tim Coulson, Floriane Plard, Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Zoology, and Auburn University (AU)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, demography, Ungulate, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Population Dynamics, Inference, Context (language use), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, QH301, evolution, Animals, mammals, education, integral projection models, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, life history traits, education.field_of_study, QL, GE, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, QH, Reproduction, Population ecology, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, Trait
Abstract

International audience; Ecologists have long desired predictive models that allow inference on population dynamics, where detailed demographic data are unavailable. Integral projection models (IPMs) allow both demographic and phenotypic outcomes at the level of the population to be predicted from the distribution of a functional trait, like body mass. In species where body mass markedly influences demographic rates, as is the rule among mammals, then IPMs provide not only opportunity to assess the population responses to a given environment, but also improve our understanding of the complex interplay between traits and demographic outcomes. Here, we develop a body-mass-based approach to constructing generalized, predictive IPMs for species of ungulates covering a broad range of body size (25-400 kg). Despite our best efforts, we found that a reliable and general, functional, trait-based model for ungulates was unattainable even after accounting for among-species variation in both age at first reproduction and litter size. We attribute this to the diversity of reproductive tactics among similarsized species of ungulates, and to the interplay between density-dependent and environmental factors that shape demographic parameters independent of mass at the local scale. These processes thus drive population dynamics and cannot be ignored. Environmental context generally matters in population ecology, and our study shows this may be the case for functional traits in vertebrate populations.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Population density and plant availability interplay to shape browsing intensity by roe deer in a deciduous forest

Author

S. Saïd, Christophe Bonenfant, Jean-Michel Gaillard, A. Marell, C. Baltzinger, A. Rocquencourt, and W. Gaudry

Subjects
Herbivore, Ecology, Forestry, Understory, Biology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, biology.organism_classification, Population density, Roe deer, Deciduous, Capreolus, Abundance (ecology), biology.animal, Woody plant, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

Browsing damage in forests relies on a complex interaction between herbivore density and both forest understory composition and relative availability. Although variation in the amount of browsed twigs is sometimes used to assess abundance of large herbivores, the potential confounding effect of resource availability on this relationship has not yet been investigated. To fill the gap, we measured how browsing intensity of the woody plants varied in response to changes in both roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) abundance and vegetation availability from an intensive long-term monitoring. We estimated plant availability and consumption by roe deer from a modified Aldous method throughout a 14 yearlong period during which we experimentally manipulated population density. The functional response was strongly non-linear and density-dependent. When plant availability was low (< 12.5%), browsing intensity strongly increased with plant availability with an increasing rate with roe deer density, whereas beyond this threshold, browsing intensity slightly increased with both plant availability and population density in an additive way. Thus, forest susceptibility to browsing increases with increasing competition for food, especially when plant availability is low. Moreover, the interplay between browsing intensity and population density at low plant availability prevents the use of browsing intensity to monitor roe deer abundance when plant availability is low. Our findings provide clear evidence that relying on key ecological concepts such as functional responses improves the accuracy of management tools when monitoring changes of the herbivore-plant system over time.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Journal journeys: Building on our reputation in animal ecology with new ways to publish

Author

Emilie Aimé, Lesley T. Lancaster, Samantha R. Ponton, Darren M. Evans, Roberto Salguero-Gómez, Nathan J. Sanders, and Jean-Michel Gaillard

Subjects
business.industry, Animal ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, Animal Science and Zoology, Sociology, Public relations, business, Publication, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Reputation, media_common
Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results