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O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a produção científica sobre integração do gerenciamento de dados dos processos de controle da biocarga em indústrias farmacêuticas e verificar a contribuição dessa integração para a melhoria do controle de qualidade. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura em bases de dados científicos, considerando os trabalhos publicados entre 2016 e 2021. Foram identificados 302 trabalhos, mas após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, foram selecionados 10 trabalhos de seis países. Conclui-se que, para implementar um sistema integrado de controle de dados relacionados à biocarga em uma indústria farmacêutica, devem ser considerados os sistemas de gestão da qualidade e a necessidade de integração entre os diversos sistemas de controle, permitindo acesso conveniente a dados operacionais brutos para ajudar a rastrear a conduta e o desempenho do processo.

The present paper discusses the presence of microorganisms in textile materials, especially in car seats, and the use of antimicrobial agents. We observed that the main agent between the user and the car's microbial system are the seats, due to the direct contact with the users. In addition, the environment in which the car is inserted, the type of car, and the seat fabric-type influence directly the reproduction of the microbial system. Microorganisms found in different parts of cars, especially in seats, could be potential threats to human health. Thus, to combat these microorganisms, it is necessary to study antimicrobial agents aimed at eliminating or inhibiting their reproduction and, consequently, promoting hygiene, ensuring the health and well-being of car users.

In order to better understand the role of the Hg atmospheric samples, in this work we investigated how much Hg there is in a commercially available biodiesel/diesel mix (B7, 7 % v v-¹ biodiesel to ...

Biotransformation has been successfully employed to conduct uncommon reactions, which would hardly be carried out by chemical synthesis. A wide diversity of compounds may be metabolized by fungi, leading to chemical derivatives through selective reactions that work under ecofriendly conditions. Endophytic fungi live inside vegetal tissues without causing damage to the host plant, making available unique enzymes for interesting chemical derivatization. Biotransformation of steroids by endophytic fungi may provide new derivatives as these microorganisms came from uncommon and underexplored habitats. In this study, endophytic strains isolated from Handroanthus impetiginosus leaves were assayed for biotransformation of progesterone, and its derivatives were identified through GC-EI-MS analysis. The endophyte Talaromyces sp. H4 was capable of transforming the steroidal nucleus selectively into four products through selective ene-reduction of the C4-C5 double bond and C-17 oxidation. The best conversion rate of progesterone (90 %) was reached with Penicillium citrinum H7 endophytic strain that transformed the substrate into one derivative. The results highlight endophytic fungi's potential to obtain new and interesting steroidal derivatizations.

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Grape bark from the wine industry still contains significant amounts of phenolic compounds. Specific characteristics of the applied solvents influence the extraction of phenolic compounds directly. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different solvents obtaining phenolic compounds in Syrah grape barkextracts by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Grape peel extracts were prepared with three different solvents (water, 50%, and 80% grain alcohol), and evaluated using standard curve with 15 phenolic compounds. It was not possible to quantify the phenolic compounds, but the chromatogramssuggest the presence of some of them. The solvent that provided the best interaction with grape peel was 50% grain alcohol.

This study experimentally evaluates the interaction of the oxygen enhanced combustion (OEC) technique with the pulsating combustion technique by the acoustic excitation of flames, the effects of these techniques on atmospheric emissions of CO, NOx, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, and the temperature of exhaust gases in diffusive and confined natural gas flames. The results showed a general trend of reductions in the emissions of CO and NOx with the enrichment of the oxidant with O 2 and also under some conditions with an acoustically excited flame. The results showed that the acetaldehyde emissions decreased with the ratio of equivalence but increased in the presence of acoustic excitation. Formaldehyde emissions showed no significant trend. The results show that the simultaneous application of the OEC and acoustic excitation techniques in a controlled manner can reduce pollutant emissions and increase the efficiency of thermal combustion equipment.

Impurities found in generic medicinesmay contribute to loss of efficacy and adverse side effects when administered to patients suffering from various diseases. Methods of analysis of the quality of drug products are well advanced. Herein, we used Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector coupled to Mass Spectrometry to detect the presence of organic impurities and determine the quantity of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) present in representative Antibiotics (2) and Antifungals (2). Possible impurities were detected in some of the generic drugs in both classes of anti-infective drugs. No impurities were detected in the amoxicillin. The compounds 3’-N,N-Di(demethyl) azithromycin (azithromycin impurity E) and 3’-De(dimethylamino)-3’-keto azithromycin (azithromycin impurity N) were detected in generic azithromycin. For itraconazole, the compounds cis-[2-(2,4 dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl-methyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4 yl] methylmethanesulfonate and trans-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-methyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methylmethanesulfonate, besides a third substance identified as 2- (2-Butyl) -4-{4-[4-(4-methyloxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}-2,4-dihydro-[1,2,4]-triazol-3-one were detected as possible impurities. Interestingly, an additional peak was noted in the chromatogram for the generic fluconazole, in addition to the peak of the API; however, none of known impurities of fluconazole were identified. We conclude that tests in addition to bioequivalence measurements may be required to assess post-market generic quality. Such surveillance of generic quality should be performed routinely.

Among the various types of industry-generated effluents, those containing phenolic compounds are serious recalcitrant. There is therefore a need to develop new technologies that emphasize the depletion of these pollutants from the environment, and that work as a viable alternative to traditional physical and chemical remediation methods. Filamentous fungi are capable of producing a great number of enzymes that efficiently transform several organic compounds. Despite the use of fungi as first-choice agents for bioremediation of hazardous contaminants, the definitions of the chemical reactions and products that are included in the fungal transformation processes still are poorly reported. In this work, Aspergillus brasiliensis efficiently transformed methyl p-coumarate under an unexpected way into two new compounds, 5-(oxiran-2-yl)benzene-1,2,3-triol (23.03%) and 4-(3-hydroxyoxiran-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol (4.90%), along with acetophenone (72.07%). The chemical structures of derivatives were determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and a plausible bioremediation pathway for phenolic recalcitrant was proposed. Interestingly, the uncommon phenyloxirane moiety has been formed as part of the transformation from 4-vinylphenol intermediate through double bond oxidation. Certainly, our results will open new insights in the bioremediation of phenolic compounds and they will be useful guidance for future planning of other similar processes.

This work review shows a description of non-chromatographic and chromatographic procedures proposed for speciation analysis of antimony employing hydride generation (HG) coupled to atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) in environmental matrices, including details of HG-AFS as the detection technique. Non-chromatographic procedures have been developed based on the determination of total antimony after a pre-reduction step. The main reductant agents used are discussed. Antimony(III) has been quantified in the presence of a masking agent. The most used are citrate and 8-hydroquinoline. Chromatographic procedures have been established utilizing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Advantages and drawbacks of the main extracting agents and mobile phases employed in these procedures have been discussed. Also, alternatives to improve the method sensitivity during the determination of antimony(V) and its organic compounds by HPLC-HG-AFS are presented. Speciation procedures involving preconcentration steps have allowed methods with high sensitivity. Tables evidencing applications of non-chromatographic and chromatographic procedures in speciation studies of environmental samples are also shown. Advantages of automated and flow systems for antimony speciation studies are also highlighted.

Grape seeds are an important byproduct from the grape process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of experimental parameters (temperature and time of pretreatment with ultrasound) to obtain grape seed oil using low pressure (Soxhlet-Sox and Bligh Dyer-BD) and high pressure (supercritical carbon dioxide-SFE) methods. The best condition for pretreatment of samples was 30 min of sonication at 30 &deg, C before extraction by Sox or BD. Ultrasound pretreatment was efficient to increase oil extraction yield by 32.10 (Sox), 20.31 (BD) and 12.54% (SFE), depending on the extraction method used as well as, and certainly influenced the total phenolic concentration in 311 (Sox), 234 (BD), and 184 (SFE)%. Ten fatty acids were identified in the oils, the major ones being 18:2&omega, 6cis (linoleic 52.39%&ndash, 63.12%), 16:0 (palmitic 20.22%&ndash, 26.80%) and 18:0 (stearic 8.52%&ndash, 13.68%). The highest epicatechin concentration was identified in the BD sample: 30-30 (150.49 &plusmn, 5.98mg/kg), which presented a concentration of &ge, 3 times compared to the control (56.68 &plusmn, 1.81mg/kg). Ultrasound pretreatment also contributed positively (56% and 99% increase) in the &alpha, tocopherol content of the SFE: 30-30 and BD: 30-30 samples, respectively. The results indicate that the ultrasound pretreatment is a suitable technology to improve the quality of the oil from the grape seed.

This study presents the development and application of a new analytical methodology for determination of free- and bound-carbonyl compounds (CC) (as the CC themselves and as the hydroxyalkylsulfonic acids – HASA, respectively) in airborne particles. Free- and bound-CC determination were done through reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) and analysis by UFLC-MS. The method was successfully validated, showing good figures for linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9937), sensibility (3 fg ˂ LOD ˂ 20 fg for methacrolein and heptanal, respectively) and repeatability (5.9% ˂ RSD ˂ 13%). The proposed method was successfully applied in real samples of inhalable atmospheric particulate matter (PM10) and urban dust certified reference material (SRM 1649 b). The main CC determined in the SRM 1649 b was formaldehyde (75.4 μg g−1 in the free form, and 1898 μg g−1 in the bound form). In addition, for the bound-CC form (HASA), concentrations were determined for acetaldehyde (60.3 μg g−1), acetone (20.5 μg g−1), acrolein (9.15 μg g−1), propionaldehyde (17.1 μg g−1) and valeraldehyde (12.2 μg g−1). For PM10 samples, formaldehyde (148 μg g−1) and acetaldehyde (28.9 μg g−1) were quantified as free aldehydes and as HASA (hydroxymethanelsulfonic acid and hydroxyethanesulfonic acid were 432 μg g−1 and 211 μg g−1, respectively). Other bound-CC were, on average, within 19.2 μg g−1 (acrolein) and 62.1 μg g−1 (valeraldehyde). For all samples, acetone, acrolein, propionaldehyde and valeraldehyde were quantified only as HASA (bound-CC). Therefore, we could identify and quantify six carbonyl compounds using the proposed method. It is worth mentioning the hydrolysis step was crucial for the correct quantification of the HASAs. This was, in turn, what enabled the quantification of a greater number of analytes in the airborne samples. Hence, this procedure was found to be comprehensive, precise, accurate and suitable to be employed for determination of free-CC and HASA (bound-CC) in atmospheric particulate samples.

Carbonyl compounds (CCs) can migrate from bottles to mineral water because of plastic degradation. An exploratory analysis of the presence a significant number of CCs (14) in bottled mineral water with and without gas in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers was performed using ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS). The data from the analysis was submitted to chemometric treatment (principal component analysis, PCA). Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde were found in all samples (0.07–125 ng mL−1). Acrolein and acetone were present in 81% and 75% of the samples, respectively. The concentration of acrolein in carbonated water was up to 3.8 times greater than that measured in non-carbonated water (0.07–0.44 ± 0.01 ng mL−1). PCA analysis showed that gasification can influence the composition of CCs present in mineral water and that the plastic material of the bottles is a likely source of CCs. In addition, benzaldehyde levels may be associated with the use of recycled materials.

The determination of pesticides at trace or ultratrace levels, employing low volumes of organic solvents, in complex and dark colored samples as red and/or rose wines, still represents a challenge in chemical analysis. In this work, we developed a simple and very effective sample preparation procedure based on binary solvent liquid phase microextraction (BS-LPME) for the determination of seventeen multiresidue pesticides in red and rose wines. The extraction device was composed of a 10 mL headspace vial containing a metal crap with a silicone septum and a capillary tube for organic phase collection. The developed procedure was validated and applied in fourteen wine samples. The method showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9987). The limit of detection and limit of quantification ranged from 0.044 μg L−1 (permethrin I) to 0.233 μg L−1 (disulfoton) and from 0.294 μg L−1 (fenitrothion) to 0.777 μg L−1 (disulfoton), respectively. The intraday precision values ranged from 2.9% (ethion) to 16.8% (fenitrothion), whereas the interday precision values were below or equal to 20% for most pesticides. The proposed procedure showed accuracy in the recommended range for complex samples, between 58% (disulfoton) and 121% (molinate), except for parathion and azoxystrobin, due to possible interactions between these compounds and other substances present in the wine matrix. The proposed method showed high sensitivity, which enabled the detection and quantification of low levels of pesticide residues (

Propolis is a complex mixture of resinous and balsamic material collected from the exudates of plants, shoots, and leaves by bees. This study evaluated red propolis extracts obtained by conventional (ethanolic) extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction of six samples from different regions of northeastern Brazil. The total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, in vitro antioxidant activity, concentration of formononetin and kaempferol and the cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines were determined for all twelve obtained extracts. Significant variations in the levels of the investigated compounds were identified in the red propolis extracts, confirming that the chemical composition varied according to the sampling region. The extraction method used also influenced the resulting propolis compounds. The highest concentration of the compounds of interest and the highest in vitro antioxidant activity were exhibited by the extracts obtained from samples from state of Alagoas. Formononetin and kaempferol were identified in all samples. The highest formononetin concentrations were identified in extracts obtained by ultrasound, thus indicating a greater selectivity for the extraction of this compound by this method. Regarding cytotoxic activity, for the HCT-116 line, all of the extracts showed an inhibition of greater than 90%, whereas for the HL-60 and PC3 lines, the minimum identified was 80%. In general, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the antiproliferative potential when comparing the extraction methods. The results showed that the composition of Brazilian red propolis varies significantly depending on the geographical origin and that the method used influences the resulting compounds that are present in propolis. However, regardless of the geographical origin and the extraction method used, all the red propolis samples studied presented great biological potential and high antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the ultrasound-assisted method can be efficiently applied to obtain extracts of red propolis more quickly and with high concentration of biomarkers of interest.

Submitted by Renorbio (renorbioba@ufba.br) on 2018-04-30T13:41:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Accelerated solvent extraction of phenolic compounds exploiting a.pdf: 452850 bytes, checksum: d880cea042c5dd100b86c26673322474 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Delba Rosa (delba@ufba.br) on 2018-05-04T14:32:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Accelerated solvent extraction of phenolic compounds exploiting a.pdf: 452850 bytes, checksum: d880cea042c5dd100b86c26673322474 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-04T14:32:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Accelerated solvent extraction of phenolic compounds exploiting a.pdf: 452850 bytes, checksum: d880cea042c5dd100b86c26673322474 (MD5) This work describes the development of a method for the extraction of phenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids, from species of Passiflora by employing accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and using a Box-Behnken design with desirability functions for optimization. The optimal extraction conditions consisted of an extraction temperature of 80 °C, 64% (w/w) ethanol and five number of extraction cycles. A high-performance liquid chromatography- diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method for the identification and quantification of orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin and rutin flavonoids in the leaves of seventeen Passiflora spp. using gradient elution with acetonitrile (solvent B) and 0.2% (w/w) formic acid in water (solvent A) as the eluent mixture was also developed and validated. These five flavonoids were quantified with good linearity, LOQs, LODs, precision, and accuracy. Higher concentrations of isoorientin, orientin, vitexin, isovitexin and rutin were determinate in P. edulis f. flavicarpa (1.61 mg/g extract and 0.58 mg/g dry plant), P. morifolia (2.10 mg/g extract and 0.90 mg/g dry plant), P. setacea (2.48 mg/g extract and 0.97 mg/g dry plant), P. setacea (8.46 mg/g extract and 3.30 mg/g dry plant) and P. galbana (3.48 mg/g extract and 1.02 mg/g dry plant), respectively.

According to the demands of energy saving and carbon emission reduction, the water vs. energy nexus has become a major concern worldwide. Brazil occupies a singular position in the global energy system. A major portion of the Brazilian occupancies has electricity and the energy system expansion that, at first, possesses adequate means for supporting the economic growing may experience some turnovers. The Brazil determination through alternative fuels was a natural choice, given its large hydropower potential and land agricultural base. In the transportation sector Brazil has developed its energy matrix towards an important rate of ethanol and biodiesel. Although those fuels are low carbon emitter, they may probably not be an affordable alternative regarding land use, food security and water footprint. In this way, considering the recent advances in the exploration of oil from Pre-salt (9-15 million barrels) and the discovery of shale gas wells up to 245 tcf, together to unfavorable social and environmental issues associated to biofuels, the Brazilian energy matrix might turn back to the fossil fuels again. These represent challenges to the Brazilian policymakers and how they will be solved will reflect not only in Brazil but also to the world at large.

Pesticides have been applied in vineyards around the world in order to protect grapevines against different diseases. However, the indiscriminate use of these substances has aroused great concern regarding the health and safety of consumers due to toxicological risks that pesticides may present to human health. Thus, this study aims to determine simultaneously eighteen pesticide residues from different chemical classes in real white wine and rose wine samples using single-drop microextraction (SDME), followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The step of SDME was optimized, and it was found that the best experimental conditions were as follows: toluene, 30 min extraction, 1.0 μL drop volume, solution volume 10 mL, stirring speed 200 rpm, with acidification of the medium with HCl and without the addition of salt. The proposed extraction method was efficient for the extraction of pesticides, both from aqueous solutions and from alcoholic solutions, with an ethanol concentration of up to 15%. The method was applied to real white wine and rose wine samples, and 11 pesticide residues were detected (carbofuran, molinate, diazinon, disulfoton, malathion, endosulfan, ethion, bifenthrin, permethrin I, permethrin II and azoxystrobin) with concentrations, which ranged from not detected to 65.3 μg L− 1.

Cachaça is a distiled beverage obtained from the fermentation of sugar cane syrup that, depending on the production procedures, may be susceptible to contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These compounds present carcinogenic and/or mutagenic properties and offer a risk to human health. Sixteen PAHs were determined in cachaças that had been stored in glass bottles and in polyethylene tank by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The quantification of the PAHs utilised an internal standard. The limits of detection and quantification varied from 0.05 to 0.10μgL(-)(1) and 0.20 to 0.30μgL(-)(1), respectively. A total PAH concentration of 51.57μgL(-)(1) was found in the beverages that were stored in the tank, while the concentration in the cachaça stored in glass jugs was 6.07μgL(-)(1). These results indicate that the polyethylene tank is a source for PAHs in cachaça.

Seventy-one samples of sugarcane spirits from small and average size stills produced in the northern and southern Minas Gerais (Brazil) were analyzed for acrolein using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). Ethanol and copper concentrations and volatile acidity were also determined according to methods established by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA). A total of 9.85% of the samples tested showed levels of acrolein above the legal limits, while the copper concentrations of 21.00% of the samples and the volatile acidity of 8.85% of the samples were higher than the limits established by the Brazilian legislation. The concentration of acrolein varied from 0 to 21.97 mg.100 mL-1 of ethanol. However, no significant difference at 5% of significance was observed between the samples produced in the northern and southern Minas Gerais. The method used for determination of acrolein in sugarcane spirits involved the formation of a derivative with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) and subsequent analysis by HPLC. As setenta e uma amostras de aguardentes de cana coletadas em alambiques de pequeno e médio porte, provenientes das regiões norte e sul de Minas Gerais, foram avaliadas por CLAE (Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência) quanto ao teor de acroleína. Avaliaram-se também as concentrações de etanol, acidez volátil e cobre, utilizando-se as metodologias estabelecidas pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Do total de amostras, 9,85% apresentaram níveis de acroleína acima do limite legal, 21,00% apresentaram teores de cobre e 8,85% de acidez volátil acima dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira. Os teores de acroleína variaram de 0 a 21,97 mg.100 mL-1 de etanol. Entretanto, não ocorreu diferença significativa no nível de 5% de significância entre as amostras do norte e as do sul de Minas Gerais. O método aplicado para a determinação de acroleína em aguardente de cana foi a derivação com 2,4-dinitrofenilidrazina (DNPH) e a posterior análise por CLAE.

Seventy-one samples of sugarcane spirits from small and average size stills produced in the northern and southern Minas Gerais (Brazil) were analyzed for acrolein using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). Ethanol and copper concentrations and volatile acidity were also determined according to methods established by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA). A total of 9.85% of the samples tested showed levels of acrolein above the legal limits, while the copper concentrations of 21.00% of the samples and the volatile acidity of 8.85% of the samples were higher than the limits established by the Brazilian legislation. The concentration of acrolein varied from 0 to 21.97 mg.100 mL-1 of ethanol. However, no significant difference at 5% of significance was observed between the samples produced in the northern and southern Minas Gerais. The method used for determination of acrolein in sugarcane spirits involved the formation of a derivative with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) and subsequent analysis by HPLC.As setenta e uma amostras de aguardentes de cana coletadas em alambiques de pequeno e médio porte, provenientes das regiões norte e sul de Minas Gerais, foram avaliadas por CLAE (Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência) quanto ao teor de acroleína. Avaliaram-se também as concentrações de etanol, acidez volátil e cobre, utilizando-se as metodologias estabelecidas pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Do total de amostras, 9,85% apresentaram níveis de acroleína acima do limite legal, 21,00% apresentaram teores de cobre e 8,85% de acidez volátil acima dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira. Os teores de acroleína variaram de 0 a 21,97 mg.100 mL-1 de etanol. Entretanto, não ocorreu diferença significativa no nível de 5% de significância entre as amostras do norte e as do sul de Minas Gerais. O método aplicado para a determinação de acroleína em aguardente de cana foi a derivação com 2,4-dinitrofenilidrazina (DNPH) e a posterior análise por CLAE.

Seeking to improve the quality of cachaca, the Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuaria e Abastecimento (Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply - MAPA), the body responsible for setting and approving regulations governing the Identity and Quality Standards (PIQs) for distilled sugar cane spirits and cachaca, through the Normative Instruction No. 13 of 2005 included some contaminants such as ethyl carbamate (EC), acrolein, lead, and arsenic that must be evaluated in these drinks. Studies on EC, as well as the methods for its determination, are required to evaluate and determine which factors contribute to the formation of this compound in the beverage. An analytical method using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with prior sample treatment by solid phase microextraction (SPME) was developed along with the assessment of the principal validation parameters. These two developments lead to the determination of EC with analytical reliability. The optimization of the extraction step was performed vi...

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a adsorcao do corante azul de metileno usando como adsorvente uma especie de caulinita chamada caulinita rosa. A caulinita foi caracterizada a partir da sua composicao quimica, pelo metodo de difratometria de raio-X e area superficial, pelo metodo de BET.Os parâmetros variaveis ​​para o estudo em questao foram: o tempo de equilibrio e a relacao entre massa de adsorvente por volume de adsorvato. Verificou-se que o tempo de equilibrio e menor do que 20 minutos e o maximo de adsorcao ocorreu na razao de 1:200, com uma remocao de 97%. A isoterma de adsorcao foi construida a partir de parâmetros otimizados da cinetica de adsorcao. Os dados foram linearizados para os modelos de Langmuir e Freundlich, e modelo de Langmuir foi que melhor explicou os resultados. Palavras-chave: Adsorcao, azul de metileno, caulinita

The identities and quantities of the phenolic compounds and coumarins in twelve samples of sugar cane spirit aged in Quercus sp., Amburana cearensis, Cariniana legalis, Castanea sativa Mill, Ocotea sp., Cotyledon orbiculata L., and Hymenaea sp. casks were determined. These compounds have a direct influence on the sensory characteristics of aged beverages; some of them are considered to be markers for the aging process. The analysis of phenolic compounds was performed by HPLC. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was also used for the determination of coumarins. The concentrations of the principal compounds extracted varied according to the species of wood. The concentrations of total phenolic compounds ranged from 0.08 for a sample stored in a 4000-L jatoba barrel for a period of six months to 40.9 mg · L−1 for a sample aged in a 50000-L oak barrel for a period of 48 months. The use of the SPE technique removed interfering compounds from the samples, thereby improving the detection of coumarin.