1. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic diseases: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry
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Anja, Strangfeld, Martin, Schäfer, Milena, A Gianfrancesco, Saskia, Lawson-Tovey, Jean, W Liew, Lotta, Ljung, Elsa, F Mateus, Christophe, Richez, Maria, J Santos, Gabriela, Schmajuk, Carlo, A Scirè, Emily, Sirotich, Jeffrey, A Sparks, Paul, Sufka, Thierry, Thomas, Laura, Trupin, Zachary, S Wallace, Sarah, Al-Adely, Javier, Bachiller-Corral, Suleman, Bhana, Patrice, Cacoub, Loreto, Carmona, Ruth, Costello, Wendy, Costello, Laure, Gossec, Rebecca, Grainger, Eric, Hachulla, Rebecca, Hasseli, Jonathan, S Hausmann, Kimme, L Hyrich, Zara, Izadi, Lindsay, Jacobsohn, Patricia, Katz, Lianne, Kearsley-Fleet, Philip, C Robinson, Jinoos, Yazdany, Pedro, M Machado, COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance, COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Consortium Collaborators: COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Consortium, Brahim, Dahou, Marcelo, Pinheiro, Francinne, M Ribeiro, Anne-Marie, Chassin-Trubert, Sebastián, Ibáñez, Lingli, Dong, Lui, Cajas, Hesham, Hamoud, Jérôme, Avouac, Véronique, Belin, Raphaël, Borie, Pascal, Chazerain, Xavier, Chevalier, Pascal, Claudepierre, Gaëlle, Clavel, Marie-Eve, Colette-Cedoz, Bernard, Combe, Elodie, Constant, Nathalie, Costedoat-Chalumeau, Marie, Desmurs, Valérie, Devauchelle-Pensec, Mathilde, Devaux, Robin, Dhote, Yannick, Dieudonné, Fanny, Domont, Pierre-Marie, Duret, Mikaël, Ebbo, Esther, Ebstein, Soumaya El Mahou, Bruno, Fautrel, Renaud, Felten, René-Marc, Flipo, Violaine, Foltz, Antoine, Froissart, Joris, Galland, Véronique, Gaud-Listrat, Sophie, Georgin-Lavialle, Aude, Giraud-Morelet, Jeanine, S Giraudet-Le Quitrec, Philippe, Goupille, Sophie, Govindaraju-Audouard, Franck, Grados, Séverine, Guillaume-Czitrom, Marion, Hermet, Ambre, Hittinger-Roux, Christophe, Hudry, Isabelle, Kone-Paut, Sylvain La Batide Alanore, Pierre, Lafforgue, Sophie, Lahalle, Isabelle, Lambrecht, Vincent, Langlois, Jean-Paul, Larbre, Emmanuel, Ledoult, Christophe, Leroux, Frédéric, Liote, Alexandre TJ Maria, Hubert, Marotte, Arsène, Mekinian, Isabelle, Melki, Laurent, Messer, Catherine, Michel, Gauthier, Morel, Jacques, Morel, Marie-Noelle, Paris-Havard, Edouard, Pertuiset, Thao, Pham, Myriam, Renard, Sabine, Revuz, Sébastien, Rivière, Clémentine, Rousselin, Christian, Roux, Diane, Rouzaud, Jérémie, Sellam, Raphaele, Seror, Amelie, Servettaz, Vincent, Sobanski, Christelle, Sordet, Lionnel, Spielmann, Nathalie, Tieulié, Alice, Tison, Sophie, Trijau, Alexandre, Virone, Ursula, Warzocha, Daniel, Wendling, Frederik, N Albach, Peer, Aries, Elvira, Decker, Urs, Hartmann, Joerg, Henes, Bimba, F Hoyer, Andreas, Krause, Klaus, Krüger, Hanns-Martin, Lorenz, Ulf, Müller-Ladner, Alexander, Pfeil, Anne, Regierer, Jutta, G Richter, Markus, Rihl, Tim, Schmeiser, Hendrik, Schulze-Koops, Christof, Specker, Reinhard, E Voll, Stephanie, Werner, Gabriela MG Melgar, Mahdi, Vojdanian, Andreoli, Laura, Elena, Bartoloni-Bocci, Maurizio, Benucci, Francesco, Campanaro, Marta, Caprioli, Davide, Carboni, Greta, Carrara, Edoardo, Cipolletta, Chiara, Crotti, Gloria, Dallagiacoma, Paola, Faggioli, Rosario, Foti, Franceschini, Franco, Fredi, Micaela, Giacomo, Guidelli, Florenzo, Iannone, Gianpiero, Landolfi, Caludia, Lomater, Ceciclia, Nalli, Simone, Parisi, Luca, Quartuccio, Bernd, Raffeiner, Rossella, Reggia, Marta, Riva, Nicoletta, Romeo, Cinzia, Rotondo, Ettore, Silvagni, Luigi, Sinigaglia, Ilaria, Tinazzi, Anna, Zanetti, Giovanni, Zanframundo, Fatemah, Abutiban, Deshiré, Alpízar-Rodríguez, Marina, R Gabayet, Fedra, Irazoque, Xochitl, Jimenez, Eduardo, Martín, Angel AC Ortiz, Tatiana, S Rodriguez-Reyna, Diana, C Rosete, Erick AZ Tehozol, David, Vega, Beatriz, Zaueta, Nasra, Al-Adhoubi, Babur, Salim, Enrique, Giraldo, Ariel, Salinas, Manuel, Ugarte-Gil, Diogo, Almeida, Miguel, Bernardes, Rita, C Machado, Maria, Rato, Samar, Al-Emadi, Richard, Conway, Rachael, Flood, Juan, J Alegre-Sancho, Montserrat, C Coro, Natalia de la Torre-Rubio, Jose, C Esteban, Maria del Martin, Jose, G Puerta, Johan, Back, Maryam, Dastmalchi, Brigitte, Dupré, Emma, Grenholm, Aase, Hensvold, Ann, Knight, Servet, Akar, Ozan, C Icacan, Laura, Chadwick, Kirsty, Devine, Sasha, Dunt, Lucia, Fusi, Caroline, M Jones, Elizabeth, Macphie, Elena, Nikiphorou, Diana, O'Kane, Sheila, O'Reilly, Samir, Patel, Rosaria, Salerno, Lucy, Thornton, Jenny, Tyler, Claire, Vandevelde, Elizabeth, Warner, Su-Ann, Yeoh, Sara, Baig, Hammad, Bajwa, Byung, Ban, Vernon, Berglund, Cassandra, Calabrese, Kristin, D'Silva, Angela, Dahle, Kathryn, Dao, Nicole, Daver, William, Davis, Walter, Dorman, Ezzati, Fatemeh, Theodore, Fields, Jody, Hargrove, Melissa, Harvey, Maren, Hilton, Tiffany, Hsu, Arundathi, Jayatilleke, David, Karp, Gilbert, Kepecs, Neil, Kramer, Concetta, Lamore, Nicholas, Lebedoff, Susan, Leonard, Sushama, Mody, Jennifer, Morgan, Emily, Pfeifer, Guillermo, Quiceno, Robert, Quinet, Elliot, Rosenstein, Eric, Ruderman, Evangeline, Scopelitis, Naomi, Serling-Boyd, Faizah, Siddique, Archibald, Skemp, Jeffrey, Sparks, Derrick, Todd, Karen, T Toribio, Rachel, Wallwork, Tameka, Webb-Detiege, Douglas, White, Jeffrey, Wilson, Melanie, Winter, Leanna, Wise, Anne, Wolff, Kristen, Young, Jerald, Zakem, Joann, Zell, and Kurt Zimmerman, Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakolgie = Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology [Berlin, Allemagne] (FMP), Leibniz Association, University of California, University of Manchester [Manchester], Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Umeå University, EULAR standing committee of People with Arthritis/Rheumatism in Europe (PARE), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Club Rhumatismes et Inflammation, Faculdade de Medicina [Lisboa], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Università degli Studi di Ferrara (UniFE), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Brigham & Women’s Hospital [Boston] (BWH), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), INSERM U1059, SAINBIOSE - Santé, Ingénierie, Biologie, Saint-Etienne (SAINBIOSE-ENSMSE), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Ingénierie et Santé (CIS-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Service de rhumatologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Université de Lille, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen - University of Applied Sciences [Giessen] (THM), University of Queensland [Brisbane], University College of London [London] (UCL), Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, University of California (UC), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), Santé Ingénierie Biologie Saint-Etienne (SAINBIOSE), Centre Ingénierie et Santé (CIS-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Strangfeld, A, Schafer, M, Gianfrancesco, M, Lawson-Tovey, S, Liew, J, Ljung, L, Mateus, E, Richez, C, Santos, M, Schmajuk, G, Scire, C, Sirotich, E, Sparks, J, Sufka, P, Thomas, T, Trupin, L, Wallace, Z, Al-Adely, S, Bachiller-Corral, J, Bhana, S, Cacoub, P, Carmona, L, Costello, R, Costello, W, Gossec, L, Grainger, R, Hachulla, E, Hasseli, R, Hausmann, J, Hyrich, K, Izadi, Z, Jacobsohn, L, Katz, P, Kearsley-Fleet, L, Robinson, P, Yazdany, J, Machado, P, and HAL-SU, Gestionnaire
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Aging ,antirheumatic agents ,Epidemiology ,Azathioprine ,Comorbidity ,Disease ,Global Health ,Cardiovascular ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Odds Ratio ,Immunology and Allergy ,Registries ,AcademicSubjects/MED00360 ,[SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,[SDV.MHEP.RSOA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,glucocorticoids ,Middle Aged ,health care ,3. Good health ,[SDV.MHEP.RSOA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system ,Letter to the Editor (Other) ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Public Health and Health Services ,Female ,epidemiology ,Rituximab ,medicine.drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Clinical Sciences ,Immunology ,autoimmune disease ,Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis ,Autoimmune Disease ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ,03 medical and health sciences ,Rheumatology ,Sulfasalazine ,Rheumatic Diseases ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,autoimmune diseases ,outcome assessment ,Aged ,Rheumatology and Autoimmunity ,030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,Reumatologi och inflammation ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Arthritis ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,COVID-19 ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Arthritis & Rheumatology ,Good Health and Well Being ,030104 developmental biology ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance ,antirheumatic agent ,glucocorticoid ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,business - Abstract
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ., Objectives: To determine factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic diseases. Methods: Physician-reported registry of adults with rheumatic disease and confirmed or presumptive COVID-19 (from 24 March to 1 July 2020). The primary outcome was COVID-19-related death. Age, sex, smoking status, comorbidities, rheumatic disease diagnosis, disease activity and medications were included as covariates in multivariable logistic regression models. Analyses were further stratified according to rheumatic disease category. Results: Of 3729 patients (mean age 57 years, 68% female), 390 (10.5%) died. Independent factors associated with COVID-19-related death were age (66-75 years: OR 3.00, 95% CI 2.13 to 4.22; >75 years: 6.18, 4.47 to 8.53; both vs ≤65 years), male sex (1.46, 1.11 to 1.91), hypertension combined with cardiovascular disease (1.89, 1.31 to 2.73), chronic lung disease (1.68, 1.26 to 2.25) and prednisolone-equivalent dosage >10 mg/day (1.69, 1.18 to 2.41; vs no glucocorticoid intake). Moderate/high disease activity (vs remission/low disease activity) was associated with higher odds of death (1.87, 1.27 to 2.77). Rituximab (4.04, 2.32 to 7.03), sulfasalazine (3.60, 1.66 to 7.78), immunosuppressants (azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, ciclosporin, mycophenolate or tacrolimus: 2.22, 1.43 to 3.46) and not receiving any disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) (2.11, 1.48 to 3.01) were associated with higher odds of death, compared with methotrexate monotherapy. Other synthetic/biological DMARDs were not associated with COVID-19-related death. Conclusion: Among people with rheumatic disease, COVID-19-related death was associated with known general factors (older age, male sex and specific comorbidities) and disease-specific factors (disease activity and specific medications). The association with moderate/high disease activity highlights the importance of adequate disease control with DMARDs, preferably without increasing glucocorticoid dosages. Caution may be required with rituximab, sulfasalazine and some immunosuppressants.
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- 2021