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This article, published in the journal Endoscopy, discusses a study that aims to develop a machine learning algorithm for predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) using whole slide pathology images. The study was conducted in five different medical centers in Korea and involved training a deep learning model to segment differentiated and undifferentiated gastric cancer. The results showed promising accuracy in predicting LNM status using the developed algorithm. If this algorithm proves to be clinically feasible, it could help doctors determine appropriate treatment for EGC patients soon after biopsy. [Extracted from the article]

Background and study aim: Rectal carcinoids are low-grade malignancies that are usually treated by endoscopic resection. However, on pathologic examination, resection margins that are positive for carcinoid cells are frequently found. Patient outcomes were reviewed after endoscopic resection of rectal carcinoids and the clinical significance of possible residual disease, as defined by pathologic and endoscopic examination, was evaluated. Patients and methods: The medical records and endoscopic findings of 347 patients presenting with rectal carcinoids to 14 university hospitals in Korea between January 1999 and June 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 304 patients were treated with endoscopic resection, and 43 patents were treated with surgery. In the endoscopic resection group, the complete resection rate was 88.2% based on endoscopic appearance (CR-E) and 60.2% based on pathologic evaluation (CR-P). The agreement between CR-E and CR-P was low (κ = 0.192). No residual tumors were found in 77 of 85 patients (90.6 %) who were CR-E but not CR-P and who had endoscopic biopsy taken at 24-month follow-up. The receiver-operating characteristic curve identified an optimal cut-off value of 10.5 mm, at which the sensitivity and the specificity for metastasis were 100% and 89%, respectively. The risk factors for metastasis by multivariate analysis were tumor size, increased mitotic rate, and lymphovascular invasion. Conclusions: Endoscopic resection is a safe and effective modality for treating well-differentiated rectal carcinoids smaller than 10mm in diameter. Discrepancies were observed between CR-E and CR-P. The risk factors for metastasis were tumor size, increased mitotic rate, and lymphovascular invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a migrated self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) from the ascending colon to the wall of the transverse colon. It states that the patient was treated with 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and leucovorin (FOLFOX) chemotherapy. Moreover, it says that the case is the first successful endoscopic retrieval of a SEMS in the colon wall using argon plasma coagulation (APC) diathermic knife and a detachable snare.

The article presents a case study of an induce anaphylactic shock by ischemic proctocolitis after bee stings in a 41-year-old male patient with hematochezia following resuscitation from a hypotensive shock. Patient's abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) showed edematous wall thickening in the cecal and rectosigmoid regions. The patient administered with antibiotics, and the hematochezia ceased and the abdominal pain lessened.

The article presents a case study of a 31-year-old woman with dysphagia was referred to gastroenterologist and underwent endoscopy procedure and revealed esophageal luminal narrowing from the central incisor. The patient was prescribed fluconazole and has seen the improvement of esophageal stenosis and mucosal lesion. It also discusses the importance of proper management of candida esophagitis.

The article presents a case study of a 62-year-old man with colonic and gastric cancer. It states that natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) was performed to the patient. It also mentions that computed tomography (CT) scan was performed after four months of the surgery, wherein no recurrence of the cancer cells was revealed.

The article presents a case study of an AIDS patient who showed complete healing of esophageal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Topics discussed include dysphagia and odynophagia presented by the patient, the results of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), pathological examination and bone marrow biopsy, and treatment of the patient with combination chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

The article describes the case of a 62-year-old male patient suffering from intramural esophageal dissection (IED) which was relieved by endoscopic treatment.

The article presents a case study of a 43-year-old man presented with liver cirrhosis manifested from hepatitis B infection. The patient underwent into endoscopic variceal therapy and was admitted to hospital for secondary prophylaxis treatment. The patient had developed abdominal pain and increase white blood count (WBC) after he received endoscopic cyanoacrylate therapy

The article presents a case study of an 86-year-old woman with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who was diagnosed with benign esophageal stricture. It states that the patient underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and endoscopic examination wherein weblike stenosis was examined. It mentions that the patient was treated with an insulation-tipped diathermic knife (IT-2) where his stricture was cut and widened.

The article presents a case study of a 76-year-old woman with hematochezia and a large mass with dark-stained surface extending from the anus above the anal verge observed on colonoscopy. The patient was diagnosed with primary malignant melanoma with surrounding melanosis in the anorectum. The patient is being treated through chemotherapy.