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135 results on '"Jeevanandam, Malayappa"'

1. Ornithine-a-ketoglutarate (OKG) supplementation is more effective that its component salts in traumatized rats

Author

Jeevanandam, Malayappa, Holaday, Nancy J., and Petersen, Scott R.

Subjects
Rats -- Food and nutrition, Amino acids in animal nutrition -- Analysis, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Addition of an anabolic stimulus during nutritional support seems to be a reasonable adjunct to augment protein synthesis. Ornithine-[Alpha]-ketoglutarate (OKG) has been used for this purpose in many pathological situations, but the mechanism of action is poorly understood. We have evaluated the relative metabolic efficacy of four isonitrogenous diets with or without the addition of [Alpha]-ketoglutarate ([Alpha]KG) or ornithine (ORN), in a rat trauma (bilateral femur fracture) model. Both control and traumatized rats were starved for 2 d. Then for 4 d, the control rats were pair-fed to the traumatized rats, one of the four isonitrogenous diets: the basal diet was a casein-based liquid diet; the ORN and OKG diets were the basal diet in which 10% of the dietary nitrogen was replaced by ORN- or OKG-nitrogen, respectively; the [Alpha]KG diet contained equivalent amounts of [Alpha]KG as were present in the OKG diet. Body weight gain per gram of nitrogen intake was similar in all four diet groups of both control and traumatized rats. The fraction of nitrogen intake that was retained in the body was significantly higher in OKG-fed traumatized rats (23%) than in the corresponding basal diet-fed rats. Plasma and muscle free amino acid concentrations were comparable in OKG- and ORN-fed rats but not in OKG- and [Alpha]KG-fed rats. Our data suggest that the mechanism of OKG action may be associated with increases in growth hormone and insulin, as well as the production of metabolites of ORN and [Alpha]KG. OKG has better metabolic benefits than its two components given separately in the nutritional support of injured rats. J. Nutr. 126: 2141-2150, 1996. INDEXING KEY WORDS: * trauma * ornithine-[Alpha]-ketoglutarate * [Alpha]-ketoglutarate * ornithine * rats

Published
1996

2. Metabolic changes in rats during a continuous infusion of recombinant interleukin-1

Author

Ling, Pei Ra, Schwartz, Joseph H., Jeevanandam, Malayappa, Gauldie, Jack, and Bistrian, Bruce R.

Subjects
Rats -- Physiological aspects, Interleukin-1 -- Physiological aspects, Malnutrition -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

The hypothesis that recombinant interleukin-1 (IL-1) could induce weight loss and nitrogen loss in rats was tested by varying the dosage of IL-1 under stable nutritional conditions. Rats infused with high IL-1 dose showed higher temperature, plasma levels of IL-6, acute-phase protein production, decreased food intake and the circulating zinc level. Semistarved animals showed more pronounced changes, suggesting that IL-1 regulates body mass in rats.

Published
1996

3. Nutritional influence on the recovery of 14CO2 in critically ill trauma patients

Author

Jeevanandam, Malayappa, Holaday, Nancy J., and Petersen, Scott R.

Subjects
Wounds and injuries -- Microbiology, Tracers (Biology) -- Analysis, Carbon dioxide -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Studies on the effect of nutrition on 14CO2 in critically ill trauma patients reveal that tracer recovery increases linearly with O2 uptake and CO2 synthesis. The equation between recovery and CO2 production enables the recovery estimator within 3% in the patients. This use of multiple regression brings the recovery prediction to about 5%.

Published
1994

8. Relative nutritional efficacy of arginine and ornithine salts of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid in traumatized rats

Author

Jeevanandam, Malayappa, Ali, Mohammad R., Holaday, Nancy J., Weis, Jeffrey K., and Petersen, Scott R.

Subjects
Arginine -- Health aspects, Critically ill -- Food and nutrition, Critical care medicine -- Health aspects, Dietary supplements -- Health aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

The relative dietary efficacy of arginine [alpha]-ketoisocaproate (AKIC) and omithine [alpha]-ketoisocaproate (OKIC) is evaluated in a rat (Sprague-Dawley) trauma (bilateral femur fracture) model. Both control and traumatized rats were starved for 2 d and then pair-fed for 2 or 4 d one of three liquid diets: diet 1 was a basic casein diet; diets 2 and 3 were the basic diet in which 10% of nitrogen was replaced by AKIC or OKIC nitrogen, respectively. Irrespective of the diet, the protein-efficiency ratio, defined as the gain in body weight per grams nitrogen consumed, was 27% less in traumatized rats than in control rats. More improvement in apparent nitrogen balance, particularly in traumatized rats, was seen with the AKIC supplement. Plasma amino acid patterns demonstrated stimulation of net protein synthesis with AKIC and not with OKIC. Dietary supplementation with AKIC may be beneficial to promote nitrogen economy in trauma victims.

Published
1993

9. Effect of major trauma on plasma free amino acid concentrations in geriatric patients

Author

Jeevanandam, Malayappa, Young, David H., Ramias, Lois, and Schiller, William R.

Subjects
Aged -- Physiological aspects, Aged -- Injuries, Amino acids, Traumatology -- Health aspects, Proteins in human nutrition -- Physiological aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Aging is associated with a variety of metabolic changes, including loss of protein from muscles. The rate of protein synthesis decreases, and this may be related to the availability of amino acids, which are the building blocks of which proteins are made. Elderly people recover less easily from major trauma, and this loss in capacity to respond to injury may be related to disturbed protein metabolism. The relationship between availability of amino acids in the blood stream and the early metabolic reactions to major trauma in 9 geriatric (aged 61 to 81) and 13 young (aged 20 to 38) patients was studied. These trauma patients were also compared with healthy controls; eight controls were elderly and 10 were young. Older controls had reduced levels of total amino acids and of certain specific amino acids. Such declines were less obvious in traumatized elderly patients because they were compared with young trauma patients, who experienced even greater declines in certain amino acid levels in response to trauma. Geriatric patients had specific declines of the amino acids arginine and methionine, while ornithine and citrulline increased. The results suggest that geriatric trauma patients would be aided by balanced amino acid supplementation, which would enable optimum synthesis of new proteins by the body in response to trauma. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1990

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